ARAO AuraSource Inc (CE)

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

The following important factors, and the important factors described elsewhere in this report or in our other filings with the SEC, could affect (and in some cases have affected) our results and could cause our results to be materially different from estimates or expectations.  Other risks and uncertainties may also affect our results or operations adversely.  The following and these other risks could materially and adversely affect our business, operations, results or financial condition.

Risks Related to the Company

We have a history of operating losses and we may never achieve or maintain profitability.

We have a limited operating history upon which investors may rely to evaluate our prospects and have only a preliminary business plan upon which investors may consider to evaluate our prospects.  Such prospects must be considered in light of the problems, expenses, delays and complications associated with a business that seeks to commence more significant revenue operations. We have a history of incurring losses from operations. As of March 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $18,537,098. We expect to incur operating losses until such time, if ever, as we achieve sufficient levels of revenue from operations.  We anticipate our existing cash and equivalents will not be sufficient to fund our business needs. Our ability to achieve profitability will depend on our obtaining additional capital, entering into satisfactory agreements with strategic partners, acquiring additional technology and finding customers for such technology.  There can be no assurance we will ever generate revenues or achieve profitability. Accordingly, we cannot predict the extent of future losses and the time required to achieve profitability, if ever.

Investors may lose all of their investment in us.

Investment in us involves a high degree of risk.  Investors may never recoup all or part of or realized any return on their investment.  Accordingly, investors may lose all of their investment and must be prepared to do so.

We will need additional financing.

Our cash requirements may vary materially from those now planned depending on numerous factors, including our ability to obtain new technology, finding customers to use such technology and competition. We may not have sufficient funds to institute our business plan set forth in this report.  We therefore would need to raise additional funds to finance our capital requirements through new financings to achieve the level of operations we anticipate.  Such financings could include equity financing, which may be dilutive to stockholders, or debt financing, which would likely restrict our ability to borrow from other sources.  In addition, such securities may contain rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the rights of our current stockholders.  We do not have any commitments for additional financing.  There can be no assurance that additional funds will be available on terms attractive to us, or at all.  If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to curtail our development our business plan and/or otherwise materially curtail or reduce our operations.  Alternatively, we may be forced to sell or dispose of our right or assets.  Any inability to raise adequate funds on commercially viable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition.

Metals and mineral prices are subject to dramatic and unpredictable fluctuations.

The market prices of precious metals and other minerals are volatile and cannot be controlled. If the prices of precious metals and other minerals drop significantly, the economic prospects of the Company’s operating mines and projects could be significantly reduced or rendered uneconomic. There is no assurance that even if commercial quantities of ore are discovered, a profitable market may exist for the sale of same. Mineral prices have fluctuated widely, particularly in recent years. The marketability of minerals is also affected by numerous other factors beyond the control of the Company, including government regulations relating to royalties, allowable production and importing and exporting of minerals, the effect of which cannot be accurately predicted.

We rely on professionals all over the United States and in China, which are impacted by the global pandemic, causing our resources to be affected. Our business operations have been and may continue to be materially and adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

An outbreak of respiratory illness caused by COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan city, Hubei province, PRC, in late 2019 and has been expanding globally. COVID-19 is considered to be highly contagious and poses a serious public health threat.

Restrictive measures have been imposed in major cities in the USA, including Los Angeles, New York, and Phoenix, and throughout the world in an effort to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. The World Health Organization (the “WHO”) is closely monitoring and evaluating the situation. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic, expanding its assessment of the threat beyond the global health emergency it had announced in January.

In the first quarter of 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has caused disruptions in our operations, which have resulted in delays on existing projects. A prolonged disruption or any further unforeseen delay in our operations could continue to result in increased costs and reduced, or delayed revenue.

If the outbreak of COVID-19 is not effectively and timely controlled, our business operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected as a result of the deteriorating market outlook for sales, the slowdown in regional and national economic growth, weakened liquidity and financial condition of our customers and vendors or other factors that we cannot foresee. Any of these factors and other factors beyond our control could have an adverse effect on the overall business environment, cause uncertainties, cause our business to suffer in ways that we cannot predict and materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current global financial conditions.

In recent years, global financial markets have experienced increased volatility and global financial conditions have been subject to increased instability. These had a profound impact on the global economy. Many industries, including the mining sector, were impacted by these market conditions. Some of the key impacts of financial market turmoil include contraction in credit markets resulting in a widening of credit risk, devaluations and high volatility in global equity, commodity, foreign exchange and precious metal markets and a lack of market liquidity. These factors may impact the ability of the Company to obtain equity or debt financing and, if available, to obtain such financing on terms favorable to the Company. If these increased levels of volatility and market turmoil continue, the Company’s operations and planned growth could be adversely impacted and the trading price of the securities of the Company may be adversely affected.

The Company has had no production history and does not know if it will generate revenues in the future.

The Company has no significant history of producing minerals. The Company has not developed or operated any mines and has no operating history upon which an evaluation of future success or failure can be made. The Company currently has no mining operations of any kind.  The Company’s ability to achieve and maintain profitable mining operations is dependent upon a number of factors, including its ability to successfully build and operate mines, processing plants and related infrastructure.  The Company may not successfully establish mining operations or profitably produce metals.  As such, the Company does not know if it will ever generate revenues.

Mining and Mineral Exploration Have Substantial Operational Risks

Mining and mineral exploration involves many risks, which even a combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation may not be able to overcome. These risks include but are not limited to:

These occurrences could result in environmental damage and liabilities, work stoppages and delayed production, increased production costs, damage to, or destruction of, mineral properties or production facilities, personal injury or death, asset write-downs, monetary losses, loss of or suspension of permits as a result of regulatory action, reputational damage and other liabilities. The nature of these risks is such that liabilities could exceed policy limits of the Company’s insurance coverage, in which case the Company could incur significant costs that could prevent profitable operations.

Environmental and health and safety risks.

The Company’s operations will be subject to environmental regulations promulgated by government agencies from time to time. There is no assurance that environmental regulations will not change in a manner that could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity or results of operations, and a breach of any such regulation may result in the imposition of fines and penalties.

Environmental legislation is constantly expanding and evolving in ways that impose stricter standards and more rigorous enforcement, with higher fines and more severe penalties for non-compliance, and increased scrutiny of proposed projects. There is an increased level of responsibility for companies, and trends towards criminal liability for officers and directors for violations of environmental laws, whether inadvertent or not. The cost of compliance with changes in governmental regulations has the potential to reduce the profitability of the Company’s operations.

Exploration activities and/or the pursuit of commercial production of the Company’s mineral claims may be subject to an environmental review process under environmental assessment legislation. Compliance with an environmental review process may be costly and may delay commercial production. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the Company would not be able to proceed with commercial production upon completion of the environmental review process if government authorities do not approve the proposed mine, or if the costs of compliance with government regulation adversely affect the commercial viability of the proposed mine.

The development and operation of a mine involves significant risks to personnel from accidents or catastrophes such as fires, explosions or collapses. These risks could result in damage or destruction of mineral properties, production facilities, casualties, personal injury, environmental damage, mining delays, increased production costs, monetary losses and legal liability. The Company may not be able to obtain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance against certain environmental risks, including potential liability for pollution and other hazards as a result of the disposal of waste products occurring from production, is not generally available to companies within the mining industry. The Company may be materially adversely affected if it incurs losses related to any significant events that are not covered by its insurance policies.

The Company is subject to significant governmental regulations and related costs and delays may negatively affect business.

Mining and mineral processing activities are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations governing environmental protection, natural resources, prospecting, development, production, post-closure reclamation, taxes, labor standards and occupational health and safety laws and regulations, including mine safety, toxic substances and other matters. The costs associated with compliance with such laws and regulations are substantial. Possible future laws and regulations, or more restrictive interpretations of current laws and regulations by governmental authorities, could cause additional expense, capital expenditures, restrictions on or suspensions of operations and delays in the development of new properties.

The Company will be required to obtain various governmental permits to conduct exploration, development, construction and mining activities. Obtaining the necessary governmental permits is often a complex and time-consuming process involving numerous federal, provincial, state, and local agencies. The duration and success of each permitting effort is contingent upon many variables not within the Company’s control. In the context of obtaining permits or approvals, the Company will need to comply with known standards, existing laws, and regulations that may entail greater or lesser costs and delays depending on the nature of the activity to be permitted and the interpretation of the laws and regulations implemented by the permitting authority. The failure to obtain certain permits or the adoption of more stringent permitting requirements could have a material adverse effect on business, operations, and properties and the Company may be unable to proceed with exploration and development programs.

Federal legislation and implementing regulations adopted and administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Army Corp of Engineers, Forest Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Mine Safety and Health Administration, and other federal agencies, and legislation such as the Federal Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, National Environmental Policy Act, Endangered Species Act, and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, have a direct bearing on exploration, development and mining operations United States. Due to the uncertainties inherent in the permitting process, the Company cannot be certain that it will be able to obtain required approvals for proposed activities, or that proposed activities will be allowed at all.

Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, which may require corrective measures including capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions. Parties engaged in mining operations or in the exploration or development of mineral properties may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the mining activities and may be subject to civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations. Any such penalties, fines, sanctions or shutdowns could have a material adverse effect on business and results of operations.

A substantial portion our business activities will be overseas and we will be subject to all of the risks of international operations.

We expect that a substantial portion of our operations will involve performing R&D related to our technology in China and selling services and products related to and licenses for this technology to buyers in China and other international markets. Thus, a substantial portion of our business operations will be subject to the risks of international operations.  Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by changes or uncertainties in the political or economic climates, laws, regulations, tariffs, duties, import quotas, or other trade, intellectual property or tax policies in China and possibly other foreign countries.  We will also be subject to adverse exchange rate fluctuations among Chinese currency and the US dollar since we anticipate that any revenue generated as well as and costs and expenses for our operations in China will be paid in the Chinese RMB.

We will continue to incur the expenses of complying with public company reporting requirements.

We have an obligation to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, as amended, even though compliance with such reporting requirements is economically burdensome.

We may experience difficulties in the future in complying with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

As a public company, we will be required to evaluate our internal controls under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.  In this regard, we will be required to comply with the internal control requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.  If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties and/or stockholder litigation.  Any inability to provide reliable financial reports could harm our business.   Furthermore, any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation of adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.

If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls in future periods, it could adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and our ability to run our business effectively and could cause investors to lose confidence in our financial reporting.

We may be unable to continue as a going concern if we do not successfully raise additional capital or if we fail to generate sufficient revenue from operations.

Primarily as a result of our recurring losses and our lack of liquidity, in connection with our year ended March 31, 2020, we received a report from our independent auditors that includes an explanatory paragraph describing the substantial uncertainty as to our ability to continue as a going concern.

Reliance on and experience of our officers and directors.

Our officers and directors will be responsible for the management and control of the Company.  Our success will, to a large extent, depend on the quality of the management provided by the officers and directors.  Although our officers and directors believe they have the ability to manage the Company, they can give no assurance their efforts will result in success.   Stockholders have no right or power to take part in the management of the Company.  

We may have difficulty managing growth in our business.

Because of our small size and the relatively large scale of operations required for our business to yield revenue, growth in accordance with our business plan, if achieved, will place a significant strain on our financial, technical, operational and management resources. As we expand our activities, there will be additional demands on these resources.  The failure to continue to upgrade our technical, administrative, operating and financial control systems or the occurrence of unexpected expansion difficulties, including issues relating to our performance of R&D activities and retention of experienced scientists, managers and engineers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to timely execute our business plan.  If we are unable to implement these actions in a timely manner, our results may be adversely affected.

If we borrow money to expand our business, we will face the risks of leverage.

We anticipate we may in the future incur debt to finance our growth.  Our ability to borrow funds will depend upon a number of factors, including the condition of the financial markets.  The risk of loss in such circumstances is increased because we would be obligated to meet fixed payment obligations on specified dates regardless of our revenue.  If we do not meet our debt payments when due, we may sustain the loss of our equity investment in any of our assets securing such debt upon the foreclosure on such debt by a secured lender.

Our stock price is likely to be highly volatile because of several factors, including a limited public float.

The market price of our stock is likely to be highly volatile because there has been a relatively thin trading market for our stock, which causes trades of small blocks of stock to have a significant impact on our stock price. You may not be able to resell our common stock following periods of volatility because of the market’s adverse reaction to volatility.

Other factors that could cause such volatility may include, among other things:

Our common stock is considered a “penny stock,” any investment in our shares is considered to be a high-risk investment and is subject to restrictions on marketability

Our common stock is considered a “penny stock” because it is quoted and traded on the OTC Markets (“OTCMkts”) and it trades for less than $5.00 per share.  The OTCMKRTS are generally regarded as a less efficient trading market than the NASDAQ Capital or Global Markets or the New York Stock Exchange.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in “penny stocks.”  Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 per share (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ system, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system).  The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC, which specifies information about penny stocks and the nature and significance of risks of the penny stock market.  The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and any salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements indicating the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account.  In addition, the penny stock rules require that, prior to effecting a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction.  These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock.

Since our common stock is subject to the regulations applicable to penny stocks, the market liquidity for our common stock could be adversely affected because the regulations on penny stocks could limit the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock and thus your ability to sell our common stock in the secondary market in the future. We can provide no assurance that our common stock will be quoted or listed on the OTCMKRTS, NASDAQ or any exchange, even if eligible in the future.

We have additional securities available for issuance, including preferred stock, which if issued could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock.

Our articles of incorporation authorize issuance of 150,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000 shares of preferred stock. The common stock and preferred stock can be issued by our Board of Directors (“BOD”) without stockholder approval. Accordingly, our stockholders will be dependent upon the judgment of our BOD in connection with the future issuance and sale of shares of our common and preferred stock, in the event that buyers can be found. Any future issuances of common stock would further dilute the percentage ownership of our Company held by the public stockholders.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

A substantial portion sales and operations may be in China.

China is a developing country and has a limited history of trade practices as a nation.  Because we will likely direct a substantial amount of our sales efforts to customers in China, we will be subject to the laws, rules, regulations, and political authority of the government of the PRC.  We may encounter material problems while doing business in China, such as in interactions with the Chinese government and the uncertainty of foreign legal precedent pertaining to our business in China.  Risks inherent in international operations also include the following:

Changes in import and export laws and tariffs can also materially impact international operations.  In addition, international operations involve political, as well as economic risks, including:

In addition, we may be subject to rules and regulations of the PRC or the jurisdiction of other governmental agencies in the PRC that may adversely affect our ability to perform under, or our rights and obligations in, our contracts with Chinese companies or government entities.  In the event of a dispute, we will likely be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of foreign courts.  We may also be hindered or prevented from enforcing our rights with respect to a governmental instrumentality because of the doctrine of sovereign immunity.

Adverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.

Some or all of our sales may be made in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political and legal developments in China. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including:

While it is our understanding that the economy in China has grown significantly in the past 20 years, the growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various economic sectors. The government of the PRC has implemented various measures to encourage or control economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.  Some of these measures benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may also have a negative effect on us.  For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us.

The Chinese economy has been transitioning from a planned to a more market-oriented economy. Although in recent years the PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of sound corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of the productive assets in China is still owned by the PRC government. The continued control of these assets and other aspects of the national economy by the PRC government could materially and adversely affect our business.  The PRC government also exercises significant control over Chinese economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.  Efforts by the PRC government to slow the pace of growth of the Chinese economy could result in decreased capital expenditure by power plants, which in turn could reduce demand for our products and services.

Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could have a material adverse effect on us.

We plan to conduct some of our sales and a substantial portion all of our administrative activities in China.  We will be generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China.  The PRC legal system is based, at least in part, on written statutes.  Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but may have limited precedential value.  It is our understanding that since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China.  However, since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties.  We cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, the preemption of local regulations by national laws, or the overturn of local government’s decisions by the superior government.  These uncertainties may limit legal protections available to us.  In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

Risks Related to an Investment in Our Securities

To date, we have not paid any cash dividends and no cash dividends are expected to be paid in the foreseeable future.

We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future and we may not have sufficient funds legally available to pay dividends. Even if the funds are legally available for distribution, we may nevertheless decide not to pay any dividends. We intend to retain all earnings for our operations.

The application of the “penny stock” rules could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and increase your transaction costs to sell those shares.

As long as the trading price of our common shares is below $5 per share, the open-market trading of our common shares will be subject to the “penny stock” rules. The “penny stock” rules impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers which sell securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors (generally those with assets in excess of $1,000,000 or annual income exceeding $200,000 or $300,000 together with their spouse). For transactions covered by these rules, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchase of securities and have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction before the purchase. Additionally, for any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the broker-dealer must deliver, before the transaction, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must disclose the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities. Finally, monthly statements must be sent disclosing recent price information on the limited market in penny stocks. These additional burdens imposed on broker-dealers may restrict the ability or decrease the willingness of broker-dealers to sell our common shares, and may result in decreased liquidity for our common shares and increased transaction costs for sales and purchases of our common shares as compared to other securities.

Our common shares are thinly traded and, you may be unable to sell at or near ask prices or at all if you need to sell your shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate your shares.

The Company cannot predict the extent to which an active public market for its common stock will develop or be sustained. However, the Company does not rule out the possibility of applying for listing on the Nasdaq National Market or other exchanges.

Our common shares historically are "thinly-traded" on the OTCMKRTS, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common shares at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent.  This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company which is relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned and viable.  As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price.  We cannot give you any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained, or that current trading levels will be sustained.

The market price for our common stock is particularly volatile given our status as a relatively small company with a small and thinly traded “float” and lack of current revenues that could lead to wide fluctuations in our share price.   The price at which you purchase our common stock may not be indicative of the price that will prevail in the trading market.  You may be unable to sell your common stock at or above your purchase price if at all, which may result in substantial losses to you.

The market for our common stock is characterized by significant price volatility when compared with seasoned issuers, and we expect our share price will continue to be more volatile than a seasoned issuer for the indefinite future.  The volatility in our share price is attributable to a number of factors.  First, as noted above, our common shares are sporadically and/or thinly traded.  As a consequence of this lack of liquidity, the trading of relatively small quantities of shares by our shareholders may disproportionately influence the price of those shares in either direction.  The price for our shares could, for example, decline precipitously in the event that a large number of our common shares are sold on the market without commensurate demand, as compared to a seasoned issuer which could better absorb those sales without adverse impact on its share price.  Secondly, we are a speculative or "risky" investment due to our lack of revenues or profits to date and uncertainty of future market acceptance for our current and potential products.  As a consequence of this enhanced risk, more risk-adverse investors may, under the fear of losing all or most of their investment in the event of negative news or lack of progress, be more inclined to sell their shares on the market more quickly and at greater discounts than would be the case with the stock of a seasoned issuer.  The following factors may add to the volatility in the price of our common shares: actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly or annual operating results; adverse outcomes; and additions or departures of our key personnel, as well as other items discussed under this "Risk Factors" section, as well as elsewhere in this annual report.

Many of these factors are beyond our control and may decrease the market price of our common shares, regardless of our operating performance.  We cannot make any predictions or projections as to what the prevailing market price for our common shares will be at any time, including as to whether our common shares will sustain their current market prices, or as to what effect that the sale of shares or the availability of common shares for sale at any time will have on the prevailing market price.  However, we do not rule out the possibility of applying for listing on the Nasdaq National Market or other exchanges.

Stockholders should be aware that, according to SEC Release No. 34-29093, the market for penny stocks has suffered in recent years from patterns of fraud and abuse. Such patterns include (1) control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often related to the promoter or issuer; (2) manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and misleading press releases; (3) boiler room practices involving high-pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price projections by inexperienced sales persons; (4) excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differential and markups by selling broker-dealers; and (5) the wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired level, along with the resulting inevitable collapse of those prices and with consequent investor losses.  Our management is aware of the abuses that have occurred historically in the penny stock market.  Although we do not expect to be in a position to dictate the behavior of the market or of broker-dealers who participate in the market, management will strive within the confines of practical limitations to prevent the described patterns from being established with respect to our securities.  The occurrence of these patterns or practices could increase the volatility of our share price.

Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by our principal shareholders and affiliated entities.  

As of May 7, 2020, our principal stockholders and their affiliated entities own 28.39% of our outstanding common shares, representing 28.39% of our voting power. These stockholders, acting individually or as a group, could exert substantial influence over matters such as electing directors and approving mergers or other business combination transactions. In addition, because of the percentage of ownership and voting concentration in these principal stockholders and their affiliated entities, elections of our BOD will generally be within the control of these stockholders and their affiliated entities. While all of our stockholders are entitled to vote on matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, the concentration of shares and voting control presently lies with these principal stockholders and their affiliated entities. As such, it would be difficult for stockholders to propose and have approved proposals not supported by management. There can be no assurance that matters voted upon by our officers and directors in their capacity as stockholders will be viewed favorably by all stockholders of the company.

The elimination of monetary liability against our directors, officers and employees under Nevada law and the existence of indemnification rights to our directors, officers and employees may result in substantial expenditures by our company and may discourage lawsuits against our directors, officers and employees.

Our articles of incorporation contain a provision that eliminates the liability of our directors for monetary damages to our company and shareholders to the extent allowed under Nevada law and we are prepared to give such indemnification to our directors and officers to the extent provided by Nevada law.  The foregoing indemnification obligations could result in our company incurring substantial expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against directors and officers, which we may be unable to recoup.  These provisions and resultant costs may also discourage our company from bringing a lawsuit against directors and officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, and may similarly discourage the filing of derivative litigation by our shareholders against our directors and officers even though such actions, if successful, might otherwise benefit our company and shareholders.

Legislative actions, higher insurance costs and potential new accounting pronouncements may impact our future financial position and results of operations.

There have been regulatory changes, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and there may potentially be new accounting pronouncements or additional regulatory rulings that will have an impact on our future financial position and results of operations. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and other similar rule changes are likely to increase general and administrative costs and expenses. Additionally, there could be changes in certain accounting rules. These and other potential changes could materially increase the expenses we report under generally accepted accounting principles, and adversely affect our operating results.

The market price for our stock may be volatile which may place downward pressure on our stock price.

The market price for our stock may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:

In addition, the securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our stock.

We will need additional capital, and the sale of additional shares or other equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders.

We will require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue.  If our resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility.  The sale of equity securities could result in dilution to our shareholders.  The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations.  We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market.

From time to time, certain of our stockholders may be eligible to sell all or some of their shares of common stock by means of ordinary brokerage transactions in the open market pursuant to Rule 144, promulgated under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations. In general, pursuant to amended Rule 144, non-affiliate stockholders may sell freely after six months subject only to the current public information requirement (which disappears after one year). Affiliates may sell after six months subject to the Rule 144 volume, manner of sale (for equity securities), current public information and notice requirements.

We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.

As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.  In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as new rules subsequently implemented by SEC, has required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies.  We expect these new rules and regulations to increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs and to make certain corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these new rules, and we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.