RGRX RegeneRX Biopharmaceuticals Inc (CE)

Management Plans to Address Operating Conditions.

Our strategy is aimed at being capital efficient while leveraging our portfolio of clinical assets by seeking strategic relationships with organizations with clinical development capabilities including development capital. Currently, we have active partnerships in four major territories: North America, Europe, China and Pan Asia. In each case, the cost of development is being borne by our partners with no financial obligation for RegeneRx. We still have significant clinical assets to develop, primarily RGN-352 (injectable formulation of Tß4 for cardiac and CNS disorders) in the U.S., Pan Asia, and Europe, and RGN-259 in the EU. Our goal is to wait until satisfactory results are obtained from the current ophthalmic clinical program in the U.S. before moving into the EU. However, we intend to continue to develop RGN-352, our injectable systemic product candidate for cardiac and central nervous system indications, either by obtaining grants to fund a Phase 2a clinical trial in the cardiovascular or central nervous system fields or finding a suitable partner with the resources and capabilities to develop it as we have with RGN-259.

Since inception through June 30, 2019, we have an accumulated deficit of $107 million and we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,170,710 as of June 30, 2019. We anticipate incurring additional operating losses in the future as we continue to explore the potential clinical benefits of Tß4-based product candidates over multiple indications. We have entered into a series of strategic partnerships under licensing and joint venture agreements where our partners are responsible for advancing development of our product candidates by sponsoring multiple clinical trials. On February 27, 2019, we sold a series of convertible promissory notes to management, the Company’s Board of Directors and accredited investors including Essetifin S.p.A., our largest stockholder (the “2019 Notes”). The sale of the 2019 Notes resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of $1,300,000 over two closings. The first closing in the amount of $650,000 occurred on February 27, 2019 and the second closing, also in the amount of $650,000, occurred on May 13, 2019, after the Company provided notice of the enrollment of the first patent in the ARISE-3 clinical trial in patients with dry eye syndrome (“DES”) sponsored by ReGenTree (see Note 7). The 2019 Notes contain a $0.12 conversion price and the purchasers also received a warrant exercisable at $0.18 to purchase additional shares of common stock equal to 75% of the number of shares into which each note is initially convertible (the “2019 Warrants”). In March and April 2019, we received proceeds of $115,625 and $125,000, respectively, pursuant to the exercise of warrants held by Sabby Management (the “Sabby Warrants”). At present, with the receipt of the sale proceeds from the first closing and proceeds from the March and April warrant exercises, coupled with the proceeds from the second closing, we will have sufficient cash to fund planned operations through the second quarter of 2020.

While we successfully secured additional operating capital to continue operations through the second quarter of 2020, we will need substantial additional funds in order to significantly advance development of our unlicensed programs. Accordingly, we will continue to evaluate opportunities to raise additional capital and are exploring various alternatives, including, without limitation, a public or private placement of our securities, debt financing, corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements, or the sale of our Company or certain of our intellectual property rights.

These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of our assets and the satisfaction of our liabilities in the normal course of business.

Although we intend to continue to seek additional financing and additional strategic partners, we may not be able to complete a financing or corporate transaction, either on favorable terms or at all. If we are unable to complete a financing or strategic transaction, we may not be able to continue as a going concern after our funds have been exhausted, and we could be required to significantly curtail or cease operations, file for bankruptcy or liquidate and dissolve. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any additional funding beyond our current expectations. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be forced to take any such actions.

If we are not able to secure financing beyond our current expectations, we would likely be forced to delay certain clinical and/or research activities and our financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. Even if we are able to obtain sufficient funding, other factors including competition, dependence on third parties, uncertainty regarding patents, protection of proprietary rights, manufacturing of peptides, and technology obsolescence could have a significant impact on us and our operations.

To achieve profitability, we, and/or a partner, must successfully conduct pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, obtain required regulatory approvals and successfully manufacture and market those pharmaceuticals we wish to commercialize. The time required to reach profitability is highly uncertain, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve sustained profitability, if at all.

Basis of Presentation.

The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for each period presented. These statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), for interim financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP. The accounting policies underlying our unaudited interim financial statements are consistent with those underlying our audited annual financial statements, but do not include all disclosures including notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, and related notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “Annual Report”).

The Company’s significant accounting policies are included in “Part IV - Item 15 – Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. - Note 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES” in the Company’s Annual Report. There have been no changes to these policies except as described below.

The accompanying December 31, 2018 financial information was derived from our audited financial statements included in the Annual Report. Operating results for the six-month period ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019 or any other future period.

References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “authoritative guidance” are to the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

Use of Estimates.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Critical accounting policies involved in applying our accounting policies are those that require management to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made and those for which different estimates reasonably could have been used for the current period. Critical accounting estimates are also those which are reasonably likely to change from period to period and would have a material impact on the presentation of our financial condition, changes in financial condition or results of operations. Our most critical accounting estimates relate to accounting policies for revenue recognition, discount rate used to calculate the present value of future lease payments, recoverability of long-lived assets and share-based arrangements. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Convertible Notes with Detachable Warrants.

In accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options , the proceeds received from convertible notes are allocated between the convertible notes and the detachable warrants based on the relative fair value of the convertible notes without the warrants and the relative fair value of the warrants. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the warrants is recognized as additional paid-in capital and a debt discount. The debt discount related to warrants is accreted into interest expense through maturity of the notes.

Revenue Recognition.

Whenever the Company determines that an arrangement should be accounted for as a combined performance obligation, we must determine the period over which the performance obligation will be performed and when revenue will be recognized. Revenue is recognized using either a relative performance or straight-line method. We recognize revenue using the relative performance method provided that the we can reasonably estimate the level of effort required to complete our performance obligation under an arrangement and such performance obligation is provided on a best-efforts basis. Revenue recognized is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the relative performance method, as of each reporting period.

Leases.

At the inception of a contract we determine if the arrangement is, or contains, a lease. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have made certain accounting policy elections whereby we (i) do not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases (those with original terms of 12 months or less) and (ii) combine lease and non-lease elements of our operating leases. Operating lease ROU assets are included in other noncurrent assets and operating lease liabilities are included in other current and non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

ROU Assets.

ROU assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Recoverability measurement and estimating of undiscounted cash flows is done at the lowest possible level for which we can identify assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, impairment is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. As of June 30, 2019, no impairment was noted.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting . This ASU expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees, and as a result, the accounting for share-based payments to non-employees will be substantially aligned. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 in the first quarter of 2019 and the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on its condensed financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASC 842”), which amends the existing accounting standards for leases. The new standard requires lessees to record an ROU asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet (with the exception of short-term leases), whereas under prior accounting standards, the Company’s lease portfolio consists of an operating lease and was not recognized on its condensed balance sheets. The new standard also requires expanded disclosures regarding leasing arrangements. The new standard was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements , which provides an alternative modified transition method. Under this method, the cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings is recognized on the date of adoption with prior periods not restated. The guidance must be adopted on a modified retrospective basis and provides for certain practical expedients. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2019, using the following practical expedients:

Additionally, we made ongoing accounting policy elections whereby we (i) do not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases (those with original terms of 12 months or less) and (ii) combine lease and non-lease elements of our operating leases.

Upon adoption of the new guidance on January 1, 2019, we recorded a ROU asset of approximately $60,000 (net of existing deferred rent liability) and recognized a lease liability of approximately $65,000, with no resulting cumulative effect adjustment to accumulated deficit.

In August 2018, the SEC issued a final rule that amends certain disclosure requirements that were duplicative, outdated or superseded. In addition, the final rule expanded the financial reporting requirements for changes in stockholders’ equity for interim reporting periods. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2019, with no material impact to the condensed financial statements.

The Company has evaluated all other issued and unadopted ASUs and believes the adoption of these standards will not have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Basic net income (loss) per common share for the three-and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the periods. Diluted loss per share is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period in which a loss is incurred. Potentially dilutive shares are excluded because the effect is antidilutive. In periods where there is net income, diluted income per share is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus dilutive securities with a purchase or conversion price below the per share price of our common stock on the last day of the reporting period. The potentially dilutive securities include 31,175,178 shares and 20,212,715 shares in 2019 and 2018, respectively, reserved for the conversion of convertible debt or exercise of outstanding options and warrants.

We measure stock-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the awards, which is then recognized over the period which service is required to be provided. We estimate the value of our stock option awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (“Black-Scholes”) and amortize that cost over the expected term of the grant. We recognized $115,307 and $60,177 in stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. We recognized $170,062 and $120,345 in stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We issued 2,415,000 stock options to employees, consultants and directors during the six months ended June 30, 2019. We did not issue any options to employees, consultants and directors during the six months ended June 30, 2018. We used the following forward-looking range of assumptions to value the stock options issue in 2019:

A summary of the Company’s stock options for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is as follows:

The average expected life was determined using historical data. We expect to recognize the compensation cost related to non-vested options as of June 30, 2019 of $468,046 over the weighted average remaining recognition period of 1.4 years.

As of June 30, 2019, there have been no material changes to our uncertain tax positions disclosures as provided in Note 9 of the Annual Report. The tax returns for all years in the Company’s major tax jurisdictions are not settled as of January 1, 2019; no changes in settled tax years have occurred through June 30, 2019. Due to the existence of tax attribute carryforwards (which are currently offset by a full valuation allowance), the Company treats all years’ tax positions as unsettled due to the taxing authorities’ ability to modify these attributes.

The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or the most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact, and (iv) willing to transact. The guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based on the levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs.

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our only qualifying assets that required measurement under the foregoing fair value hierarchy were money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents valued at $1,170,710 and $237,261, respectively, using Level 1 inputs.

2013 Convertible Notes

On March 29, 2013, we completed a private placement of convertible notes (the “March 2013 Notes”) raising an aggregate of $225,000 in gross proceeds. The March 2013 Notes bore interest at a rate of five percent (5%) per annum, matured sixty (60) months after their date of issuance and were convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of six cents ($0.06) per share (subject to adjustment as described in the March 2013 Notes) at any time prior to repayment, at the election of the investor. In the aggregate, the March 2013 Notes were initially convertible into up to 3,750,000 shares of our common stock.

At any time prior to maturity of the March 2013 Notes, with the consent of the holders of a majority in interest of the March 2013 Notes, we could prepay the outstanding principal amount of the March 2013 Notes plus unpaid accrued interest without penalty. The outstanding principal and all accrued interest on the March 2013 Notes would accelerate and automatically become immediately due and payable upon the occurrence of certain events of default.

The investors in the offering included two members of the Board of Directors, Dr. Goldstein and Joseph C. McNay, an outside director. The principal amounts of their respective March 2013 Notes are as set forth below:

The March 2013 Notes contained a down round provision under which the conversion price could be decreased as a result of future equity offerings, as defined in the March 2013 Notes.  The adjustment would reduce the conversion price of the March 2013 Notes to be equivalent to that of the newly issued stock or stock-related instruments.  As a result, the Company concluded that the conversion feature represented an embedded conversion feature for accounting purposes and should be recognized as a derivative liability, requiring a mark-to-market adjustment at the end of each reporting period until the related March 2013 Notes have been settled prior to the adoption of ASU 2017-11. The bifurcated liability of $225,000 was recorded on the date of issuance which resulted in a residual debt value of $0.  The discount related to the embedded feature was accreted back to debt through the maturity of the notes. The March 2013 Notes matured, and the holders elected to convert the note balances of $225,000 and accrued interest of approximately $57,000 into common stock in March 2018.

On July 5, 2013, we completed a private placement of convertible notes (the “July 2013 Notes”) raising an aggregate of $100,000 in gross proceeds. The July 2013 Notes bore interest at a rate of five percent (5%) per annum, matured sixty (60) months after their date of issuance and were convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of six cents ($0.06) per share (subject to adjustment as described in the July 2013 Notes) at any time prior to repayment, at the election of the investor. In the aggregate, the July 2013 Notes were initially convertible into up to 1,666,667 shares of our common stock.

At any time prior to maturity of the July 2013 Notes, with the consent of the holders of a majority in interest of the July 2013 Notes, we could prepay the outstanding principal amount of the July 2013 Notes plus unpaid accrued interest without penalty. The outstanding principal and all accrued interest on the July 2013 Notes would accelerate and automatically become immediately due and payable upon the occurrence of certain events of default.

The investors in the offering included three current and one former member of Board of Directors, Mr. Finkelstein, Dr. Goldstein, Mr. McNay and L. Thompson Bowles, previously an outside director. The principal amounts of their respective July 2013 Notes are as set forth below:

The July 2013 Notes contained a down round provision under which the conversion price could be decreased as a result of future equity offerings, as defined in the July 2013 Notes.  The adjustment would reduce the conversion price of the July 2013 Notes to be equivalent to that of the newly issued stock or stock-related instruments.  As a result, the Company concluded that the conversion feature represented an embedded conversion feature for accounting purposes and should be recognized as a derivative liability, requiring a mark-to-market adjustment at the end of each reporting period until the related July 2013 Notes have been settled prior to the adoption of ASU 2017-11.  The bifurcated liability of $66,667 was recorded on the date of issuance which resulted in a residual debt value of $33,333. The discount related to the embedded feature was accreted back to debt through the maturity of the notes. The July 2013 Notes matured, and the holders elected to convert the note balances of $100,000 and accrued interest of approximately $25,000 into common stock in July 2018.

On September 11, 2013, we completed a private placement of convertible notes raising an aggregate of $321,000 in gross proceeds (the “September 2013 Notes”).  The September 2013 Notes bore interest at a rate of five percent (5%) per annum, mature sixty (60) months after their date of issuance and were convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of six cents ($0.06) per share (subject to adjustment as described in the September 2013 Notes) at any time prior to repayment, at the election of the investor.  In the aggregate, the September 2013 Notes were initially convertible into up to 5,350,000 shares of our common stock.

At any time prior to maturity of the September 2013 Notes, with the consent of the holders of a majority in interest of the September 2013 Notes, we could prepay the outstanding principal amount of the September 2013 Notes plus unpaid accrued interest without penalty. The outstanding principal and all accrued interest on the September 2013 Notes would accelerate and automatically become immediately due and payable upon the occurrence of certain events of default.

The investors in the offering included an affiliate and three current and one former member of the Board of Directors. The principal amounts of their respective September 2013 Notes are as set forth below:

The September 2013 Notes contained a down round provision under which the conversion price could be decreased as a result of future equity offerings, as defined in the September 2013 Notes.  The adjustment would reduce the conversion price of the September 2013 Notes to be equivalent to that of the newly issued stock or stock-related instruments.  As a result, the Company concluded that the conversion feature represented an embedded conversion feature for accounting purposes and should be recognized as a derivative liability, requiring a mark-to-market adjustment at the end of each reporting period until the related September 2013 Notes have been settled prior to the adoption of ASU 2017-11.  The bifurcated liability of $267,500 was recorded on the date of issuance which resulted in a residual debt value of $53,500. The discount related to the embedded feature was accreted back to debt through the maturity of the notes. The September 2013 Notes matured, and the holders elected to convert the note balances of $321,000 and accrued interest of approximately $81,000 into common stock in September 2018.

2014 Convertible Notes

On January 7, 2014, we completed a private placement of convertible notes raising an aggregate of $55,000 in gross proceeds (the “January 2014 Notes”).   The January 2014 Notes bore interest at a rate of five percent (5%) per annum, matured sixty (60) months after their date of issuance and were convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of six cents ($0.06) per share (subject to adjustment as described in the January 2014 Notes) at any time prior to repayment, at the election of the investor.  In the aggregate, the Notes were initially convertible into up to 916,667 shares of our common stock.

At any time prior to maturity of the January 2014 Notes, with the consent of the holders of a majority in interest of the January 2014 Notes, we could prepay the outstanding principal amount of the January 2014 Notes plus unpaid accrued interest without penalty. The outstanding principal and all accrued interest on the January 2014 Notes would accelerate and automatically become immediately due and payable upon the occurrence of certain events of default.

The investors in the offering included two current and one former member of the Board of Directors. The principal amounts of their respective January 2014 Notes are as set forth below:

The January 2014 Notes contained a down round provision under which the conversion price could be decreased as a result of future equity offerings, as defined in the January 2014 Notes.  The adjustment would reduce the conversion price of the January 2014 Notes to be equivalent to that of the newly issued stock or stock-related instruments.  As a result, the Company concluded that the conversion feature represented an embedded conversion feature for accounting purposes and should be recognized as a derivative liability, requiring a mark-to-market adjustment at the end of each reporting period until the related January 2014 Notes have been settled prior to the adoption of ASU 2017-11.  The bifurcated liability of $55,000 was recorded on the date of issuance which resulted in a residual debt value of $0. The discount related to the embedded feature was accreted back to debt through the maturity of the notes. The January 2014 Notes matured, and the holders elected to convert the note balances of $55,000 and accrued interest of approximately $14,000 into common stock in January 2019.

2019 Convertible Notes

On February 27, 2019, we sold a series of convertible promissory notes to management, the Company’s Board of Directors and accredited investors including Essetifin S.p.A., our largest stockholder. The sale of the notes resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of $1,300,000 over two closings (the “2019 Notes”). The first closing in the amount of $650,000 occurred on February 27, 2019 and the second closing, also in the amount of $650,000, occurred on May 13, 2019 after the Company provided notice of the enrollment of the first patent in the ARISE-3 clinical trial in DES sponsored by ReGenTree. The 2019 Notes will mature on March 1, 2024. The 2019 Notes bear interest at a rate of five percent (5%) per annum and are convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of twelve cents ($0.12) per share (subject to adjustment as described in the 2019 Notes) at any time prior to repayment, at the election of the investors. In the aggregate, the 2019 Notes issued in both closings are convertible into up to 10,833,333 shares of our common stock excluding interest.

At any time prior to maturity of the 2019 Notes, with the consent of the holders of a majority in interest of the 2019 Notes, we can prepay the outstanding principal amount of the 2019 Notes plus unpaid accrued interest without penalty. The outstanding principal and all accrued interest on the 2019 Notes will accelerate and automatically become immediately due and payable upon the occurrence of certain events of default.

In connection with the issuance of the 2019 Notes we also issued warrants to each investor. The warrants are exercisable for an aggregate of 8,125,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of eighteen cents ($0.18) per share for a period of five years (the “2019 Warrants”). The relative fair value of the 2019 Warrants issued was $348,443 calculated using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model value of $0.06 with an expected and contractual life of five years, an assumed volatility of 67.86%, and a risk-free interest rate of 2.49%. The 2019 warrants are classified in equity.

The Company allocated $348,443 of the gross proceeds to the warrants, on a relative fair value basis. In addition, because the effective conversion price of the 2019 Notes was less than the fair value of the underlying common stock on the issuance date, we allocated the intrinsic value of that feature to additional paid in capital. The debt discount created by the 2019 Warrants and beneficial conversion feature will be amortized over the term of the 2019 Notes as additional interest expense using the effective interest method.

The affiliated investors, and the principal amount of their respective 2019 Notes purchase are as set forth below:

Essetifin S.p.A., our largest stockholder, is currently the holder of all of our securities previously held by Sigma-Tau and its affiliates. . The other listed investors are members of our Board of Directors including Mr. Finkelstein, who serves as our CEO, and Dr. Goldstein who serves as our Chief Scientific Advisor and Chairman of our Board of Directors.

The Company recorded interest expense and discount accretion as set forth below:

Joint Venture Agreement – ReGenTree.

On January 28, 2015, the Company entered into the Joint Venture Agreement with GtreeBNT, a stockholder in the Company. The Joint Venture Agreement provides for the creation of the Joint Venture, jointly owned by the Company and GtreeBNT. ReGenTree LLC (“ReGenTree” or “Joint Venture”) will commercialize RGN-259 for treatment of dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratopathy in the United States and Canada.

GtreeBNT is solely responsible for funding all the product development and commercialization efforts of the Joint Venture. GtreeBNT made an initial contribution of $3 million in cash and received an initial equity stake of 51%. RegeneRx’s ownership interest in ReGenTree was reduced to 38.5% when the Clinical Study Report was filed for the Phase 2/3 dry eye clinical trial. Based on when, and if, certain additional development milestones are achieved in the U.S. with RGN-259, our equity ownership may be incrementally reduced to between 38.5% and 25%, with 25% being the final equity ownership upon approval of an NDA for DES in the U.S. In addition to our equity ownership, RegeneRx retains a royalty on net sales that varies between single and low double digits, depending on whether commercial sales are made by ReGenTree or a licensee. In the event ReGenTree is acquired or there is a change of control that occurs following achievement of an NDA, RegeneRx shall be entitled to a minimum of 40% of all proceeds paid or payable and will forgo any future royalties. The Company is not required or otherwise obligated to provide financial support to the Joint Venture.

The Joint Venture is responsible for executing all development and commercialization activities under the License Agreement, which activities will be directed by a joint development committee comprised of representatives of the Company and GtreeBNT. The License Agreement has a term that extends to the later of the expiration of the last patent covered by the License Agreement or 25 years from the first commercial sale under the License Agreement. The License Agreement may be earlier terminated if the Joint Venture fails to meet certain commercialization milestones, if either party breaches the License Agreement and fails to cure such breach, as a result of government action that limits the ability of the Joint Venture to commercialize the product, as a result of a challenge to a licensed patent, following termination of the license between the Company and certain agencies of the United States federal government, or upon the bankruptcy of either party.

Under the License Agreement, the Company received $1.0 million in up-front payments and is entitled to receive royalties on the Joint Venture’s future sales of products. On April 6, 2016, we received $250,000 from ReGenTree in connection with the amendment of the License Agreement in April 2016 to expand the territorial rights to include Canada. The Company is accounting for the License Agreement with the Joint Venture as a revenue arrangement. Since participation in the joint development committee is required, it was deemed to be a material promise. Management has concluded that the participation in the joint development committee is not distinct from other promised goods and services. The Company assessed the license agreements in accordance with ASC 606. The Company evaluated the promised goods and services under the license agreements and determined that there was one combined performance obligation representing a series of distinct goods and services including the license to research, develop and commercialize RGN-259 and participation in the joint development committee. Revenue is being recognized on a straight-line basis over a period of 30 years, which, in management’s judgment, is the best measure of progress towards satisfying the performance obligation and represents the Company’s best estimate of the period of the obligation. Revenue will be recognized for future royalty payments as they are earned.

GtreeBNT.

On March 7, 2014, we entered into license agreements with GtreeBNT Co., Ltd. The two Licensing Agreements are for the license of territorial rights to two of our Thymosin Beta 4-based products candidates, RGN-259 and RGN-137.

Under the License Agreement for RGN-259, our preservative-free eye drop product candidate, GtreeBNT will have the right to develop and commercialize RGN-259 in Asia (excluding China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau). The rights will be exclusive in Korea, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar (Burma), Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Kazakhstan, and semi-exclusive in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, collectively, the Territory (the “259 Territory”). Under the 259 License Agreement, we are eligible to receive aggregate potential milestone payments of up to $3.5 million. In addition, we are eligible to receive royalties of a low double digit percentage of any commercial sales of the licensed product sold by GtreeBNT in the 259 Territory. In late 2016, GtreeBNT informed us that it believes marketing approval in the U.S. will allow expedited marketing in Korea, possibly without the need for a clinical trial.

Under the License Agreement for RGN-137, our topical dermal gel product candidate, GtreeBNT will have the exclusive right to develop and commercialize RGN-137 in the U.S. (the “137 Territory”). Under the 137 License Agreement, we are eligible to receive aggregate potential milestone payments of up to $3.5 million. In addition, we are eligible to receive royalties of a low double digit percentage of any commercial sales of the Company’s licensed product sold by GtreeBNT in the 137 Territory. In August 2017, we amended the License Agreement for RGN-137 held by GtreeBNT. Under the amendment, the 137 Territory was expanded to include Europe, Canada, South Korea, Australia and Japan. Under the License Agreement, the Company received a series of non-refundable payments and is entitled to receive royalties on the future sales of products. The Company is accounting for the license agreement as a revenue arrangement. Since participation in the joint development committee is required, it was deemed to be a material promise. Management has concluded that the participation in the joint development committee is not distinct from other promised goods and services. The Company assessed the license agreement in accordance with ASC 606. The Company evaluated the promised goods and services under the license agreement and determined that there was one combined performance obligation representing a series of distinct goods and services including the license to research, develop and commercialize RGN-137 and participation in the joint development committee. Revenue is being recognized on a straight-line basis over a period of 23 years, which, in management’s judgment, is the best measure of progress towards satisfying the performance obligation and represents the Company’s best estimate of the period of the obligation. Revenue will be recognized for future royalty payments as they are earned.

Lee’s Pharmaceutical.

We are a party to a license agreement with Lee’s Pharmaceutical (HK) Limited (“Lee’s”), headquartered in Hong Kong, for the license of Thymosin Beta 4 in any pharmaceutical form, including our RGN-259, RGN-352 and RGN-137 product candidates, in China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (the “Lee’s License Agreement”). Lee’s previously filed an IND with the Chinese FDA (“CFDA”) to conduct a Phase 2, randomized, double-masked, dose-response clinical trial with RGN-259 in China for dry-eye syndrome. Lee's subsequently informed us that it received notice from CFDA declining its IND application for a Phase 2b dry eye clinical trial because the API (active pharmaceutical ingredient or Tß4) was manufactured outside of China. The API was manufactured in the U.S. and provided to Lee's by RegeneRx pursuant to a license agreement to develop RGN-259 ophthalmic eye drops in the licensed territory. However, in mid-2016, we were informed by Lee’s that the CFDA modified its manufacturing regulations and will now allow Chinese companies to utilize API manufactured outside of China for Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials. We have not yet been informed of a projected starting date for Phase 2 trials and believe that Lee’s intends to wait until the completion of ARISE-3 before undertaking clinical trials. In February 2019, the License Agreement was amended and assigned by Lee’s to their affiliate, Zhaoke Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Limited. There are no economic changes to the License Agreement.

On January 6, 2019, the January 2014 Convertible Notes matured, and the holders elected to convert the note balances and accrued interest into common stock. As a result, we issued 1,149,016 shares of common stock.

On March 2, 2018, the Company entered into a warrant reprice and exercise and issuance agreement (the “Reprice Agreement”) with Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd., and Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd. (collectively, “March 2018 Investor”). In connection with the Reprice Agreement, the Company issued to the March 2018 Investor warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (the “March Warrants”). The exercise price under the March Warrants is subject to a limited anti-dilution provision, such that in the event the Company makes an issuance of common stock (subject to customary exceptions) at a price per share less than the applicable exercise price of the March Warrants, the exercise price of the March Warrants will be reduced to the price per share applicable to such new issuance but will not adjust to an exercise price below $0.125. As a result of the issuance of the 2019 Notes and warrants, the exercise price of the March Warrants was adjusted to $0.125 per share. The estimated fair value of the effect of the exercise price adjustment of $82,566 is reflected as a dividend to the March 2018 Investor in 2019.

Subsequent to the reduction of the exercise price of the March Warrants to $0.125 in 2019, the March 2018 Investor exercised warrants for 925,000 shares of common stock and the Company received exercise proceeds of $115,625. The March 2018 Investor exercised additional warrants on April 23, 2019 for 1,000,000 shares of common stock and the Company received exercise proceeds of $125,000.

In February 2017, we amended our office lease agreement and the term was extended through July 2020. During the extended term, our rental payments will average approximately $4,000 per month. Pursuant to the adoption of ASC 842, our facility lease is our only existing lease as of June 30, 2019 and is classified as operating lease. Our facility lease does not have a renewal option although we believe we will be able to extend or renew the lease if desired. The discount rate used in the calculation of our lease liability is approximately 20%, which is based on our estimate of the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment as the lease does not provide an implicit rate.

Upon adoption the minimum lease payments were:

The future minimum rent payments as of January 1, 2019, were as follows:

Rent expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $9,656 and $29,817, respectively.

The following table summarizes the Company’s recognition of its operating lease:

Rent expense, consisting of minimum operating lease payments and variable lease payments for pass through items such as common area maintenance and real estate taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 is recorded in G&A and consisted of the following:

A maturity analysis of our operating lease minimum lease payments follows:

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including this Part I., Item 2., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding us and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the words “project,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “will,” “may” or other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our clinical development programs and schedules, our future capital resources and funding requirements, our expectations regarding future licenses of our technology, our anticipated growth and trends in our business and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. We cannot guarantee that we will achieve the plans, intentions or expectations expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements.  There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements we make, including those described under “Risk Factors” set forth below in Part II., Item 1A. In addition, any forward-looking statements we make in this document speak only as of the date of this report, and we do not intend to update any such forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after that date.

Business Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of a novel therapeutic peptide, Thymosin beta 4, or Tß4, for tissue and organ protection, repair, and regeneration. We have formulated Tß4 into three distinct product candidates in clinical development:

We are continuing strategic partnership discussions with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies regarding the further clinical development of all of our product candidates.

Current Financial Status

On February 27, 2019, we sold a series of convertible promissory notes to management, the Company’s Board of Directors and accredited investors including Essetifin S.p.A., our largest stockholder (the “2019 Notes”). The sale of the 2019 Notes resulted in gross proceeds to the Company of $1,300,000 over two closings. The first closing in the amount of $650,000 occurred on February 27, 2019 and the second closing, also in the amount of $650,000, occurred on May 13, 2019 after the Company provided notice of the enrollment of the first patent in the ARISE-3 clinical trial in DES sponsored by ReGenTree. The 2019 Notes contain a $0.12 conversion price and the purchasers also received a warrant exercisable at $0.18 to purchase additional shares of common stock equal to 75% of the number of shares into which each note is initially convertible (the “2019 Warrants”). In addition, we received proceeds of $115,625 pursuant to the exercise of warrants held by Sabby Management as well as $125,000 for April 2019 warrant exercises. At present, with the receipt of the sale proceeds from the closing on the 2019 Notes and proceeds from the March and April warrant exercises, we will have sufficient cash to fund planned operations through the second quarter of 2020.

Current Clinical Status

In January 2015, we entered into a Joint Venture Agreement with GtreeBNT whereby we created ReGenTree LLC (“ReGenTree” or “Joint Venture”) jointly owned by us and GtreeBNT, which will commercialize RGN-259 for treatment of dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratopathy, an orphan indication in the United States.

To date ReGenTree has sponsored a Phase 2/3 clinical trial (“ARISE-1”) and Phase 3 clinical trials in patients with DES (“ARISE-2”) and in patients with neurotrophic keratopathy (“NK”) (“SEER-1”), all in the U.S. In May 2016, we reported the results of the 317-patient ARISE-1 trial and in October 2017, we reported the results of the ARISE-2 trial. The ARISE-2 study, which was sponsored by ReGenTree and managed by Ora, Inc. pursuant a recent contract between the parties, demonstrated a number of statistically significant improvements in both signs and symptoms of DES with 0.1% RGN-259 versus placebo, while showing excellent safety, comfort, and tolerability profiles. The ocular discomfort symptom showed a statistically significant reduction in the RGN-259-treated group at day 15 as compared to placebo (p=0.0149) in the change from baseline. For sign, RGN-259 also improved the dry eye patient’s ability to withstand an exacerbated condition in a patient subgroup with both compromised corneal fluorescein staining and Schirmer’s test at baseline. In this population, RGN-259 showed superiority over placebo in reducing corneal fluorescein staining in the change from baseline at days 15 and 29 (p=0.0207 and 0.0254, respectively). RGN-259 confirmed its global effects on dry eye syndrome and fast onset in multiple sign and symptom efficacies with no safety issues in the ARISE-1 and ARISE-2 studies as well as in the pooled data, although ARISE-2 was not successful in duplicating the results of ARISE-1 where the study population was limited and less diversified. ReGenTree is proceeding with its RGN-259 development plan as discussed with the FDA in April 2018. Most recently, ReGenTree reaffirmed that the manufacturing of the investigational product for ARISE-3 has been completed and the protocol for the study has been finalized. ReGenTree and Ora, Inc. have entered into a contract for management of ARISE-3. ReGenTree, LLC recently initiated the study and the first patient was enrolled in the second quarter of 2019.

The NK trial (SEER-1), a smaller study in an orphan population, has enrolled 17 patients. In 2018, ReGenTree disclosed that 7 of 17 patients enrolled SEER-1 have completely healed. To participate in the trial the patients were required to have a persistent epithelial defect (non-healing corneal wound). While these preliminary observations are encouraging, it should be noted that the patients and treating physicians remain masked while the trial is on-going, so it is not known whether the healed patients are in the RGN-259 group, placebo group, or distributed among both. We expect ReGenTree will likely close SEER-1 and report top line results in patients accrued through closing during the second half of 2019.

GtreeBNT has developed the CMC (chemistry, manufacturing and controls) dossier required for Phase 3 clinical trials and commercialization in the U.S. and in Korea. This comprehensive and critical effort ensures that final drug product manufacturing, packaging, stability, purity, reproducibility, etc., meets regulatory guidelines and product specifications. The product of this activity is the current product formulation being utilized in the U.S. trials being conducted by ReGenTree and will also be utilized in the planned clinical activity to be conducted by GtreeBNT under the RGN-259 license agreement for Pan Asia.

In February 2017, our licensee for RGN-137, GtreeBNT, received permission from the U.S. FDA to sponsor a Phase 3 clinical trial using RGN-137 to treat patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a genetic disease that causes severe blistering of the skin and internal organs. In August 2017, the Company amended the License Agreement for RGN-137 held by GtreeBNT. Under the amendment the Territory was expanded to include Europe, Canada, South Korea, Australia and Japan. In December 2018, GtreeBNT initiated a small open trial in patients with EB to evaluate RGN-137 in such patients prior to sponsoring a larger Phase 3 trial.

Development of Product Candidates

RGN-259

RGN-259 is our proprietary preservative-free eye drop formulation of Thymosin beta 4. In September 2011, we completed a Phase 2a exploratory clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of RGN-259 in 72 patients with moderate dry eye syndrome. In November 2011, we reported preliminary safety and efficacy results from the trial. RGN-259 was deemed safe and well-tolerated, with no observed drug-related adverse events.

In June 2012, we reported preliminary results from a double-masked, vehicle-controlled, physician-sponsored Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating RGN-259 for the treatment of nine patients (18 eyes) with severe dry eye. RGN-259 was observed to be safe and well-tolerated and met key efficacy objectives with statistically significant sign and symptom improvements, compared to vehicle control, at various time intervals, including 28 days post-treatment.

Consistent with the reduction of ocular discomfort and fluorescein staining at the 28-day follow-up visit, other improvements seen in the RGN-259-treated patients included tear film breakup time and increased tear volume production. Likewise, these improvements were seen at other time points in the study. These results were published Cornea in 2015.

In September 2015, ReGenTree began the Phase 2/3 ARISE-1 clinical trial in patients with DES (and the Phase 3 SEER-1 clinical trial in patients with neurotrophic keratopathy (“NK”), both in the U.S. In May 2016, we reported the results of the 317-patient ARISE-1 dry eye trial. In the trial, RGN-259 demonstrated statistically significant improvements in both signs and symptoms of dry eye with 0.05% and 0.1% RGN-259 compared to placebo in a dose dependent manner during a 28-day dosing period. While the primary outcome measures were not met, several key related pre-specified endpoints and subgroups of patients with more severe dry eye showed statistically significant treatment effects. These results confirm the findings from the previous Phase 2 trial providing clear direction for the clinical regulatory pathway and remaining registration trials for RGN-259. Shortly following the ARISE-1 trial, the FDA approved ReGenTree’s Phase 3 ARISE-2 dry eye protocol and we initiated the ARISE-2 trial that enrolled approximately 600 patients.

The ARISE-2 study, which was sponsored by ReGenTree and managed by Ora, Inc., demonstrated a number of statistically significant improvements in both signs and symptoms of DES with 0.1% RGN-259 versus placebo, while showing excellent safety, comfort, and tolerability profiles. The ocular discomfort symptom showed a statistically significant reduction in the RGN-259-treated group at day 15 as compared to placebo (p=0.0149) in the change from baseline. For sign, RGN-259 also improved the dry eye patient’s ability to withstand an exacerbated condition in a patient subgroup with both compromised corneal fluorescein staining and Schirmer’s test at baseline. In this population, RGN-259 showed superiority over placebo in reducing corneal fluorescein staining in the change from baseline at days 15 and 29 (p=0.0207 and 0.0254, respectively). RGN-259 confirmed its global effects on DES and fast onset in multiple sign and symptom efficacies with no safety issues in the ARISE-1 and ARISE-2 studies as well as in the pooled data, although ARISE-2 was not successful in duplicating the results of ARISE-1 where the study population was limited and less diversified.

In February 2019, ReGenTree initiated a 700-patient ARISE-3 trial in patients with DES to confirm the results observed in ARISE-2. The first patient was enrolled in the second quarter of 2019.

RGN-352

During 2009, we completed a Phase 1a and Phase 1b clinical trial evaluating the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the intravenous administration of RGN-352 in 60 healthy subjects (40 in each group, 20 of whom participated in both Phases). Based on the results of these Phase 1 trials and extensive preclinical efficacy data published in peer-reviewed journals, in the second half of 2010, we began start-up activities for a Phase 2 study to evaluate RGN-352 (Tß4 Injectable Solution) in patients who had suffered an AMI. We had planned to begin enrolling patients in this clinical trial in the second quarter of 2011. However, in March 2011, we were notified by the FDA that the trial was placed on clinical hold as a result of our contract manufacturer’s alleged failure to comply with the current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) regulations. The manufacturer has since closed its manufacturing facility and filed for bankruptcy protection. The FDA prohibited us from using any of the active drug or placebo formulated by this manufacturer in human trials; consequently, we must have study drug (RGN-352 and RGN-352 placebo) manufactured by a new cGMP-compliant manufacturer in the event we seek to move forward with this trial. While we have identified a qualified manufacturer for RGN-352, we have elected to postpone activities on this trial until the requisite funding or a partner is secured.

In addition to the potential application of RGN-352 for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, preclinical research published in the scientific journals Neuroscience and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, indicates that RGN-352 may also prove useful for patients with multiple sclerosis, or MS, as well as patients suffering a stroke, traumatic brain injury, peripheral neuropathy, or spinal cord injury. In these preclinical studies, the administration of Tß4 resulted in regeneration of neuronal tissue by promoting remyelination of axons and stimulating oligodendrogenesis, resulting in improvement of neurological functional activity. In 2012, researchers studying Tß4 under a material transfer agreement (MTA) found that Tß4 had beneficial effects in animal models of peripheral neuropathy, one of the major complications of diabetes. This research was published in the journal of Neurobiology of Disease in 2012 and appears to corroborate previous findings using Tß4 for repair of central nervous system disorders. We are discussing possible partnership opportunities with companies interested in developing RGN-352 for this indication.

Based on our Phase 1 data and the preclinical research discussed above, we are evaluating various opportunities for government funding for a Phase 2a clinical trial to show proof-of-concept in each case while also talking with prospective strategic partners with the interest, capabilities and resources to further develop product candidate in these fields.

RGN-137

Clinical Development — Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB).   Starting in 2005, we began conducting a Phase 2 clinical trial designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of RGN-137 for the treatment of patients with EB. EB is a genetic disease of approximately 10 gene mutations that results in fragile skin and other epithelial structures (e.g., cornea and GI tract) that can blister spontaneously or separate at the slightest trauma or friction, creating a wound that at times does not heal or heals poorly. In severe cases, recurrent blistering and tissue loss may be life threatening. EB has been designated as an “orphan” indication by the FDA’s Office of Orphan Drugs. We closed the Phase 2 trial in late 2011 and we submitted the final report to the FDA in 2014.

Clinical Development — Pressure Ulcers.   In late 2005, we began conducting Phase 2 clinical trial designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of RGN-137 for the treatment of patients with chronic pressure ulcers, commonly known as bedsores.

In January 2009, we reported final data from this trial. RGN-137 was well-tolerated at all three dose levels studied, with no dose-limiting adverse events, which achieved the primary objective of the study. A follow-on evaluation, reported at the 3rd International Symposium on the Thymosins in Health and Disease in March 2012, showed that for those pressure ulcer patients’ wounds that healed, RGN-137 mid dose (0.02% Tβ4 gel product) accelerated wound closure with a median time to healing of 22 days as compared to 57 days for the placebo. Although those results are clinically significant, they were not statistically significant.

Clinical Development — Venous Stasis Ulcers.  In mid-2006, we began conducting a Phase 2 clinical trial designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of RGN-137 for the treatment of patients with venous stasis ulcers. Venous stasis ulcers are a common type of chronic wound that develops on the ankle or lower leg in patients with chronic vascular disease. In these patients’ blood flow in the lower extremities is impaired leading to venous hypertension, edema (swelling) and mild redness and scaling of the skin that gradually progresses to ulceration. In 2009, we reported final data from that trial. Those results were both clinically and statistically significant.

In February 2017, GtreeBNT received permission from the U.S. FDA to sponsor a Phase 3 clinical trial using RGN-137 to treat patients with EB. In December 2018, GtreeBNT initiated a small open trial in a limited number of patients with EB.

Strategic Partnerships

Currently, we have active partnerships in four major territories: North America, Europe, China and Pan Asia. Our partners have been moving forward and making progress in each territory. In each case, the cost of development is being borne by our partners with no financial obligation for RegeneRx. We still have significant clinical assets to develop, primarily RGN-352 (injectable formulation of Tß4 for cardiac and CNS disorders) in the U.S., most of Asia, and Europe; RGN-259 in the EU. In August 2017, we amended the RGN-137 License Agreement with GtreeBNT, expanding the territory to include Europe, Canada, South Korea, Australia and Japan. Regarding RGN-259, our goal is to wait until satisfactory results are obtained from the current ophthalmic clinical program in the U.S. before moving into the EU. This should allow us to obtain a higher value for the asset at that time. However, we intend to continue to develop RGN-352, our injectable systemic product candidate for cardiac and central nervous system indications, either by obtaining grants to fund a Phase 2a clinical trial in the cardiovascular or central nervous system fields or finding a suitable partner with the resources and capabilities to develop it as we have with RGN-259.

We anticipate incurring additional operating losses in the future as we continue to explore the potential clinical benefits of Tß4-based product candidates over multiple indications. To fund further development and clinical trials we have entered into a series of strategic partnerships under licensing and joint venture agreements where our partners are responsible for advancing development of our product candidates with multiple clinical trials.

Lee’s Pharmaceuticals.

We are a party to a license agreement with Lee’s Pharmaceutical for the license of Thymosin Beta 4 in any pharmaceutical form, including our RGN-259, RGN-352 and RGN-137 product candidates, in China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. In February 2019, the License Agreement was assigned by Lee’s to their affiliate, Zhaoke Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Limited. Lee’s previously filed an IND with the Chinese FDA to conduct a Phase 2, randomized, double-masked, dose-response clinical trial with RGN-259 in China for dry-eye syndrome. Lee's subsequently informed us that it received notice from China's FDA declining its IND application for a Phase 2b dry eye clinical trial because the API was manufactured outside of China. The API was manufactured in the U.S. and provided to Lee's by RegeneRx pursuant to a license agreement to develop RGN-259 ophthalmic eye drops in the licensed territory. However, in mid-2016, we were informed by Lee’s that the CFDA modified its manufacturing regulations and will now allow Chinese companies to utilize API manufactured outside of China for Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials. We have not yet been informed of a projected starting date for Phase 2 trials but believe Lee’s intends to await the outcome of the ARISE-3 DES trial prior to initiating clinical trials in China.

GtreeBNT.

We are a party to a license agreement with GtreeBNT for the license of RGN-259 related to certain development and commercialization rights for RGN-259, in Asia (excluding China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan). Separately, we licensed GtreeBNT the rights to RGN-137 which was recently amended as discussed above. GtreeBNT is currently our second largest stockholder. GtreeBNT filed an IND with the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety to conduct a Phase 2/3 study with RGN-259 in patients with dry eye syndrome and in July 2015, received approval to conduct the trial. In late 2016, GtreeBNT informed us that it believes marketing approval in the U.S. will allow expedited marketing in Korea, possibly without the need for a clinical trial. At this point, we are still awaiting marketing approval in the U.S.

U.S. Joint Venture (ReGenTree, LLC).

In January 2015, we entered into a Joint Venture Agreement with GtreeBNT whereby we created ReGenTree LLC (“ReGenTree” or “Joint Venture”) jointly owned by us and GtreeBNT, which will commercialize RGN-259 for treatment of dry eye and neurotrophic keratopathy, an orphan indication in the United States. We are entitled to royalties as a percentage of net sales ranging from single digits to low double digits based on the medical indications approved and whether the Joint Venture commercializes products directly or through a third party. RegeneRx possesses one of three board seats of ReGenTree and certain major decisions and transactions within ReGenTree, such as commercialization strategy, mergers, and acquisitions, require RegeneRx’s board designee’s consent. We currently hold a 38.5% ownership interest in ReGenTree. This ownership interest may be further reduced to as low as 25% once ReGenTree obtains FDA approval of an NDA for dry eye syndrome in the U.S. In the event ReGenTree is acquired, or a change of control occurs following achievement of an NDA, RegeneRx shall be entitled to a minimum of 40% of all proceeds paid or payable and will forgo any future royalties.

Our Strategy

We seek to maximize the value of our product candidates by advancing their clinical development and then identifying suitable partners for further development, regulatory approval, and marketing. We intend to engage in strategic partnerships with companies with clinical development and commercialization strengths in desired pharmaceutical therapeutic fields. We are actively seeking partners with suitable infrastructure, expertise and a long-term initiative in our medical fields of interest. To that end, we have entered the licensing and joint ventures discussed above. We continue to control the cardiovascular and neurovascular assets (RGN-352) in the EU and are able to consolidate them with similar assets in the U.S. and other territories in Asia to create a worldwide portfolio that we believe will be more attractive to multi-national pharmaceutical companies.

Financial Operations Overview

We have never generated product revenues, and we do not expect to generate product revenues until the FDA approves one of our product candidates, if ever, and we begin marketing and selling it. We anticipate incurring additional operating losses in the future as we continue to explore the potential clinical benefits of Tß4-based product candidates over multiple indications. To fund further development and clinical trials we have entered into a series of strategic partnerships under licensing and joint venture agreements where our partners are responsible for advancing development of our product candidates with multiple clinical trials.

Most of our expenditures to date have been for research and development, or R&D, activities and general and administrative, or G&A, activities. R&D costs include all of the wholly-allocable costs associated with our various clinical programs passed through to us by our outsourced vendors. Those costs include manufacturing Tß4 and peptide fragments, formulation of Tß4 into our product candidates, stability studies for both Tß4, and the various formulations, preclinical toxicology, safety and pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trial management, medical oversight, laboratory evaluations, statistical data analysis, regulatory compliance, quality assurance and other related activities. R&D includes cash and non-cash compensation, payroll taxes, travel and other miscellaneous costs of our internal R&D personnel, three persons in total, who are dedicated on a part-time hourly basis to R&D efforts. R&D also includes a proration of our common infrastructure costs for office space and communications. We expense our R&D costs as they are incurred.

R&D expenditures are subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with clinical trials and the FDA review and approval process. As a result, these expenses could exceed our expectations, possibly materially. We are uncertain as to what we will incur in future research and development costs for our clinical studies, as these amounts are subject to, management's continuing assessment of the economics of each individual research and development project and the internal competition for project funding.

G&A costs include outside professional fees for legal, business development, audit and accounting services. G&A also includes cash and non-cash compensation, travel and other miscellaneous costs of our internal G&A personnel, two in total, who are wholly dedicated to G&A efforts. G&A also includes a proration of our common infrastructure costs for office space and communications. Our G&A expenses also include costs to maintain our intellectual property portfolio. Historically we have expanded our patent prosecution activities and in some cases, we have filed patent applications for non-critical strategic purposes intended to prevent others from filing similar patent claims. We continue to closely monitor our patent applications in the United States, Europe and other countries with the advice of outside legal counsel to determine if they will continue to provide strategic benefits. In cases where we believe the benefit has been realized or it becomes unnecessary due to the issuance of other patents, or for other reasons that will not affect the strength of our intellectual property portfolio, we have and will continue to abandon these patent applications in order to reduce our costs of continued prosecution or maintenance.

Critical Accounting Policies  

In Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which was filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019, which we refer to as the Annual Report, we included a discussion of the most significant accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements. There has been no material change in the policies and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements since the filing of our Annual Report.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

Revenues. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded revenue in the amount of $19,000 versus $13,000 recorded in the comparable 2018 period. The recognized amounts reflect revenue related to the amendment of the RGN-137 License Agreement held by GtreeBNT and license fees received from ReGenTree.

R&D Expenses . For the three months ended June 30, 2019, our R&D expenses increased by approximately $7,000, or 38% to $26,000 from $19,000 for the same period in 2018. The 2019 increase results from an increase in stock option expense of $7,000 in 2019 versus the 2018 period.

G&A Expenses. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, our G&A expenses increased slightly to $345,000, from $336,000 for the same period in 2018. The changes in the G&A expenses are reflected in several areas. Increases in facility (increase of $6,000), stock option compensation expense (increase of $48,000), travel (increase of $6,000), other (increase of $3,000) and insurance expense (increase $28,000) were offset by decreases in, professional services (decrease of $14,000), investor relations (decrease of $28,000), tax expense (decrease of $13,000) and personnel related expenses (decrease of $27,000). The changes in 2019 are reflective of several things including the timing of our patent activities, the adoption of new accounting principles in 2018 as well as the engagement of an investor relations firm in 2018. In 2019, we have seen increased D&O insurance expense and higher stock option compensation expense, as well as a decrease in salary because of a voluntary salary reduction by our CEO.

Net Loss. Our Statements of Operations reflects a net loss of $388,448 for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, as opposed to net loss of $ 367,874 for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.

Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

Revenues. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded revenue in the amount of $38,000 versus $31,000 in the 2018 period. Revenue in both periods relat e to the recognition of the license fees received from ReGenTree and GtreeBNT.

R&D Expenses . For the six months ended June 30, 2019, our R&D expenses increased by approximately $4,000 or 10%, to $42,000 from $38,000 for the same period in 2018. The 2019 increase relates primarily to an increase in stock option expense of $3,000 in 2019 versus the 2018 period.

G&A Expenses. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, our G&A expenses decreased by approximately $28,000, or 4%, to $672,000 from $700,000 for the same period in 2018. The changes in the G&A expenses are reflected in several areas. Increases in stock option compensation expense (increase of $46,000), travel (increase of $4,000), other (increase of $4,000) and insurance expense (increase $39,000) were offset by decreases in, professional services (decrease of $11,000), investor relations (decrease of $26,000), tax expense (decrease of $30,000) and personnel related expenses (decrease of $54,000). The changes in 2019 are reflective of several things including the timing of our patent activities, the adoption of new accounting principles in 2018 as well as the engagement of an Investor Relations firm in 2018. In 2019, we have seen increased D&O insurance expense and higher stock option compensation expense, as well as a decrease in salary because of a voluntary salary reduction by our CEO.

Net Loss. Our Statements of Operations reflects a net loss of $720,899 for the six months ended June 30, 2019, versus a net loss of $ 1,353,738 recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2018. The 2018 period net loss reflects inducement expense of $582,904 related to the new warrant component of the March 2018 warrant reprice and exercise agreement (see Note 8).