MSB Mesabi Trust

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-Q

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(Mark One)

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For the quarterly period ended April 30, 2021

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or

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For the transition period from                   to                 

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Commission File Number: 1-4488

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MESABI TRUST

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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(904) 271-2520

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ☒

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As of June 9, 2021, there were 13,120,010 Units of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust outstanding.

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Forward-Looking Statements

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Certain information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, or incorporates by reference, not only historical information, but also “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All such forward-looking statements, including those statements regarding estimation of iron ore pellet production, shipments, pricing, royalties and other matters, are based on information from the lessee/operator (and its parent corporation) of the mine located on the lands owned and held in trust for the benefit of the holders of units of beneficial interest of Mesabi Trust (“Mesabi Trust” or the “Trust”). These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking words, such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “intend,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “potential,” “plan,” “should,” “assume,” “forecast” and other similar words. Such forward-looking statements are inherently subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results and future developments could differ materially from the results or developments expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, volatility of iron ore and steel prices, market supply and demand, competition, environmental hazards, health and safety conditions, regulation or government action, litigation, uncertainties about estimates of reserves, general adverse business and industry economic trends, uncertainties arising from war, terrorist events and other global events, higher or lower customer demand for steel and iron ore, decisions by mine operators regarding curtailments or idling production lines or entire plants, environmental compliance uncertainties, difficulties in obtaining and renewing necessary operating permits, higher imports of steel and iron ore substitutes, processing difficulties, consolidation and restructuring in the domestic steel market, market inputs tied to indexed price adjustment factors found in Cliffs Pellet Agreements (as defined below) resulting in future adjustments to royalties payable to Mesabi Trust, the impact of the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and other factors. Further, substantial portions of royalties earned by Mesabi Trust are based on estimated prices that are subject to interim and final adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors under agreements to which Mesabi Trust is not a party and that are not known until after the end of a contract year. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could partially or even completely offset royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year-end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders (as defined below) in future quarters.

For a discussion of the factors, including without limitation, those that could materially and adversely affect Mesabi Trust’s actual results and performance, see “Risk Factors” set forth on pages 3 through 14 of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report for the year ended January 31, 2021, as updated by Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These risks and uncertainties are not exclusive and further information concerning the Trust, including factors that potentially could materially affect our operating results, financial condition or the market price of the Units, may emerge from time to time. Mesabi Trust undertakes no obligation, other than that imposed by law, to make any revisions to the forward-looking statements contained in this filing or to update them to reflect circumstances occurring after the date of this filing. We advise you, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our future Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

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See Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

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Mesabi Trust

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each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds. The base overriding royalties contain variable consideration, as the transaction price is based on a percentage that varies based on the total cumulative tons of iron ore shipped for the calendar year. The Trust estimates the variable consideration it expects to be entitled to receive over the contractual period associated with the royalty agreement. Under the royalty agreement, measuring the total cumulative volumes of iron ore shipped, and the applicable royalty percentages, are reset at the beginning of each calendar year. The Trust evaluates the estimate of the variable consideration to determine whether the estimate needs to be constrained; therefore, the Trust includes the variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. For the base overriding royalties, the Trust estimates the base overriding royalty percentage using the expected value method, which calculates the estimate based off the historical, current, and forecasted shipments. The Trust recognizes base overriding royalties on a quarterly basis based on the actual shipments for the fiscal quarter at the estimated royalty percentage as described above and based on the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements.

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Bonus royalties

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The performance obligation for the bonus royalties consists of providing Northshore access to the Peters Lands, Cloquet Lands, and Mesabi Lands and the right to mine on these lands and the consideration to be received from this access relates to the volume of iron ore shipped by Northshore. The Trust recognizes bonus royalties on a quarterly basis based on the actual shipments of the fiscal quarter at the actual royalty percentage for those shipments and based on the anticipated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements.

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Fee royalties

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The performance obligation for the fee royalties consists of the volume of crude ore mined on a quarterly basis. The Trust recognizes fee royalties on a quarterly basis based on the actual crude ore mined during the fiscal quarter.

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Accrued income receivable

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The accrued income receivable is included in net income per unit. The Trust recorded $5,612,832 of accrued income receivable as reflected on the Condensed Balance Sheet as of April 30, 2021 (unaudited). As of January 31, 2021, the Trust recorded accrued income receivable of $249,477.

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Contract asset and contract liability

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The contract asset and contract liability are presented net in the accompanying condensed balance sheets as both the contract asset and contract liability are derived from one customer contract. A net contract liability in the amount of $2,124,139 is reflected on the Condensed Balance Sheet as of April 30, 2021 (unaudited). The net contract liability is made up of a contract asset in the amount of $1,848,834 and a contract liability in the amount of $3,972,973. As of January 31, 2021, the Trust recorded a net contract asset of $177,251, made up of a contract asset in the amount of $239,132 and a contract liability in the amount of $61,881. The contract asset is based on the revenue recognized on the base overriding royalties, at the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements that will be collected in subsequent quarters as the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The contract asset is not available for distribution to the Unitholders until the applicable royalties are actually received by the Trust. The Trust includes estimated future royalty rates on current contracted volumes within contract asset. The contract liability represents iron ore that has not been shipped by Northshore, but for which the Trust has received a royalty payment during the quarter ended April 30, 2021 based on an initial estimated price, or in certain instances, quarterly payment of minimum advance royalties. Revenue will be recognized in accordance with the Trust’s revenue recognition policy at the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements as shipments of these products are made.

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Note 3.  The Trustees determine whether to declare a distribution each year in April, July, October and January. The Trust’s financial statements are prepared on an accrual basis and present the Trust’s results of operations based on each of the Trust’s fiscal quarters, which end one month after the close of each calendar quarter. Because (i) distributions, if any, are declared by the Trustees based on, among other considerations, the amount of royalties actually paid to the Trust through the end of each calendar quarter prior to April, July, October and January of each year, the Trustees’ evaluation of known and projected Trust expenses in the current and future quarters, the then-current level of Unallocated Reserve and general economic conditions, and (ii) the Trust’s Net Income is calculated as of the end of each fiscal quarter, the distributions declared by the Trust are not equivalent to the Trust’s Net Income during the periods reported in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

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Note 4.  On April 12, 2021, the Trustees declared a distribution of $0.89 per Unit of Beneficial Interest payable on May 20, 2021 to Mesabi Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on April 30, 2021.

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On April 30, 2021, the Trustees received the quarterly royalty report of iron ore product shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota during the calendar quarter ended March 31, 2021 from Cliffs, the parent company of Northshore.

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Each quarter, as authorized by the Agreement of Trust dated July 18, 1961 (the “Agreement of Trust”), the Trustees evaluate all relevant factors including all costs, expenses, obligations, and present and future liabilities of the Trust (whether fixed or contingent) in determining the prudent level of unallocated reserve in light of the unpredictable nature of the iron ore industry and current economic conditions.

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Pursuant to the Agreement of Trust, the Trustees make decisions about cash distributions to Unitholders based on the royalty payments it receives from Northshore when received, rather than as royalty income is recorded in accordance with the Trust’s revenue recognition policy. Refer to Note 3 for further information.

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As of April 30, 2021 and January 31, 2021, the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities portion of the Trust’s Unallocated Reserve was comprised of the following components:

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A reconciliation of the Trust’s Unallocated Reserve and Trust Corpus for the three months ended April 30, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:

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The current royalty rate schedule became effective on August 17, 1989 pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, which the Trust entered into with Cyprus Northshore Mining Corporation (“Cyprus NMC”). Pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, overriding royalties are determined by both the volume and selling price of iron ore products shipped. In 1994, Cyprus NMC was sold by its parent corporation to Cliffs and renamed Northshore Mining Company. Cliffs now operates Northshore as a wholly owned subsidiary.

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Under the relevant agreements, Northshore has the right to mine and ship iron ore products from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands. Northshore alone determines whether to conduct mining operations on Mesabi Trust Lands and/or such other lands based on its current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions. To encourage the use of iron ore products from Mesabi Trust Lands, Mesabi Trust receives royalties on stated percentages of iron ore shipped from Silver Bay, whether or not the iron ore products are from Mesabi Trust Lands. Mesabi Trust receives royalties at the greater of (i) the aggregate quantity of iron ore products shipped that were mined from Mesabi Trust Lands, and (ii) a portion of the aggregate quantity of all iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay that were mined from any lands, such portion being 90% of the first four million tons shipped from Silver Bay during such year, 85% of the next two million tons shipped during such year, and 25% of all tonnage shipped during such year in excess of six million tons. The royalty percentage paid to the Trust increases as the aggregate tonnage of iron ore products shipped, attributable to the Trust, in any calendar year increases past each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds. Assuming a consistent sales price per ton throughout a calendar year, shipments of iron ore product attributable to the Trust later in the year generate a higher royalty to the Trust, as total shipments for the year exceed increasing levels of royalty percentages and pass each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds.

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During the course of its fiscal year, some portion of royalties expected to be paid to Mesabi Trust is based in part on estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements. The Cliffs Pellet Agreements use estimated prices which are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and which adjustments are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors that are not known until after the end of a contract year. Even though Mesabi Trust is not a party to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, these adjustments can result in significant variations in royalties payable to Mesabi Trust (and, in turn, the resulting amount available for distribution to Unitholders by the Trust) from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis, and these variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trust. In either case, these price adjustments will impact future royalties payable to the Trust and, in turn, will impact cash reserves that may become available for distribution to Unitholders.

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According to Cliffs’ recent SEC filings, certain of Cliffs’ supply agreements specify provisional price calculations, where the pricing mechanisms generally are based on market pricing, with the final revenue rate based on certain market inputs at a specified period in time in the future, per the terms of the supply agreements. Market inputs are tied to indexed price adjustment factors that are integral to the iron ore supply contracts and vary based on the agreement. The pricing mechanisms typically include adjustments based upon changes in the Platts 62% Price, Atlantic Basin pellet premiums and Platts international indexed freight rates. The pricing adjustments generally operate in the same manner, with each factor typically comprising a portion of the price adjustment, although the weighting of each factor varies based upon the specific terms of each agreement. The price adjustment factors have been evaluated to determine if they qualify as embedded derivatives. The price adjustment factors share the same economic characteristics and risks as the host sales contract and are integral to the host sales contract as inflation adjustments; accordingly, they have not been separately valued as derivative instruments.

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As also described elsewhere in this report, the Trust receives a bonus royalty equal to a percentage of the gross proceeds of iron ore products (mined from Mesabi Trust lands) shipped from Silver Bay and sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price. Although 96.8% of all the iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay during calendar 2020 was sold at prices higher than the Adjusted Threshold Price, the Trustees are unable to project whether Cliffs will continue to be able to sell iron ore products at prices above the applicable Adjusted Threshold Price, entitling the Trust to any future bonus royalty payments.

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Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the Corporate Trustee of Mesabi Trust, performs certain administrative functions for Mesabi Trust. The Trust maintains a website at www.mesabi-trust.com. The Trust makes available (free of charge) its annual, quarterly and current reports (and any amendments thereto) filed with the SEC through its website as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing or furnishing such material with or to the SEC.

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Results of Operations

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Comparison of Iron Ore Pellet Production and Shipments for the Three Months Ended April 30, 2021 and April 30, 2020

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As shown in the table below, during the three months ended April 30, 2021, production of iron ore pellets at Northshore from Mesabi Trust Lands totaled 1,129,383 tons, and shipments over the same period totaled 547,704 tons. By comparison, pellet production and shipments for the comparable period in 2020 were 1,187,464 ton and 558,634 tons, respectively. The decrease in production is attributable to the anticipated future demand from Northshore’s customers as compared to the prior period. The decrease in shipments is attributable to the anticipated current demand from Northshore’s customers as compared to the prior comparable period. For the three months ended April 30, 2021, approximately 89.4% of shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota originated from Trust lands.

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Comparison of Royalty Income for the Three Months Ended April 30, 2021 and April 30, 2020

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As reflected in the table below, the Trust’s total royalty income for the three months ended April 30, 2021 increased by $7,266,673 to $9,402,167 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2020. The increase in total royalty income is due to an increase in pricing of iron ore during the three months ended April 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2020.

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The table below shows that the base overriding royalties increased $4,457,141 and the bonus royalties increased by $2,792,629 for the three months ended April 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2020. Fee royalties increased by $16,903 over the same period. The increase in the base overriding royalties and bonus royalties is attributable to an increase in pricing of iron ore as compared to the prior comparable period. The increase in the fee royalty amount is due to an increase in the pricing of iron ore mined under the Peters Lease in the current fiscal quarter as compared to the prior comparable period.

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The table below summarizes the components of Mesabi Trust’s total royalty income for the three months ended April 30, 2021 and April 30, 2020, respectively:

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Comparison of Net Income, Expenses and Distributions for the Three Months Ended April 30, 2021 and April 30, 2020

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Net income for the three months ended April 30, 2021 was $8,573,870, an increase of $6,962,249 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2020. The increase in net income for the three months ended April 30, 2021 was primarily the result of an increase in pricing of iron ore, as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2020. The Trust’s expenses for the three months ended April 30, 2021 were $828,781, an increase of $271,639 compared to the expenses for the three months ended April 30, 2020. The increase in expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in legal fees and expenses related to the pending arbitration for the three months ended April 30, 2021, as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2020. See Part II, Item 1 “Legal Proceedings” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The table below summarizes the Trust’s income and expenses for the three months ended April 30, 2021 and April 30, 2020, respectively.

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As presented on the “Trust’s Condensed Statements of Operations” on page 3 of this quarterly report, the Trust’s net income per unit increased $0.5307 per unit to $0.6535 per unit for the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2021 as compared to the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2020. On April 12, 2021, the Trust declared a distribution of $0.89 per unit payable on May 20, 2021 to Unitholders of record on April 30, 2021. Comparatively, the Trust declared a distribution of $0.56 per unit to Unitholders in April 2020. During the three months ended April 30, 2021 and April 30, 2020 the Trust had declared distributions of $0.89 and $0.56 per unit, respectively.

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On a quarterly basis, the Trustees review a variety of financial and economic data and information impacting the Trust, and upon the Trustees’ determination, distributions may be declared approximately ten weeks after the Trustees receive a quarterly royalty report from Northshore and Cliffs and the Trust receives the actual royalty payment with respect to royalty income that is payable for iron ore shipments through the end of each prior calendar quarter. Royalty payments may include pricing adjustments with respect to shipments made during prior periods. The Trust accounts for and reports accrued income receivable based on shipments during the last month of each of the Trust’s fiscal quarters (April, July, October and January) and price adjustments under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements (which can be positive or negative and can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust and cash available for distribution to Unitholders) as reported to the Trust by Northshore. The Trust accounts for these amounts by using estimated prices and reports such amounts even though accrued income receivable is not available for distribution to Unitholders until it is received by the Trust. Accordingly, distributions declared by the Trust are not equivalent to the Trust’s net income during the periods reported in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

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Comparison of Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2021, April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2021

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As set forth in the tables below, Unallocated Reserve increased from $6,095,429 as of April 30, 2020 to $13,374,107 as of April 30, 2021. The increase in Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2021, as compared to April 30, 2020, is primarily the result of an increase in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities and accrued income receivable. The increase in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities is attributable to an increase in royalties received in the first quarter of 2021 as compared to the first quarter of 2020. The increase in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to an increase in shipments and related pricing for the month ended April 30, 2021 as compared to the prior comparable period. The increase in the contract liability is the result of the timing differences when iron ore that has not been shipped by Northshore, but for which the Trust has received a royalty payment, see “Note 2” for further discussion of the contract liability.

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It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, future royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters. See the discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 3 of the Trust’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, as updated by Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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The Trust’s Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2021 decreased by $3,102,939 to $13,374,107, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. The decrease in Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2021, as compared to January 31, 2021, is primarily the result of an increase in the contract liability and a decrease in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities. The increase in the contract liability is the result of the timing differences when iron ore that has not been shipped by Northshore, but for which the Trust has received a royalty payment, see “Note 2” for further discussion of the contract liability. The decrease in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities is attributable to a decrease in royalties received in the first quarter of 2021 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2020.

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Each quarter, as authorized by the Agreement of Trust, the Trustees will reevaluate all relevant factors including all costs, expenses, obligations, and present and future liabilities of the Trust (whether fixed or contingent) in determining a prudent level of unallocated reserve in light of the unpredictable nature of the iron ore industry, current and projected future mining operations and current economic conditions. Although the actual amount of the Unallocated Reserve will fluctuate from time to time and may increase or decrease from its current level, it is currently anticipated that future distributions will be highly dependent upon royalty income as it is received and the level of Trust expenses. The amount of future royalty income available for distribution will be subject to the volume of iron ore product shipments and the dollar level of sales by Northshore. Shipping activity is greatly reduced during the winter months. Economic conditions, particularly those affecting the iron ore and steel industry arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, may adversely affect the amount and timing of such future shipments and sales. The Trustees will continue to monitor the economic and other circumstances of the Trust to strike a responsible balance between distributions to Unitholders and the need to maintain adequate reserves at a prudent level, given the unpredictable nature of the iron ore and steel industry, the Trust’s dependence on the actions of the lessee/operator, and the fact that the Trust essentially has no other liquid assets.

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Recent Developments

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Receipt of Quarterly Royalty Report and Royalty Payment

On April 30, 2021, the Trustees of Mesabi Trust received the quarterly royalty report of iron ore shipments out of Silver Bay, Minnesota during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 (the “Royalty Report”) from Cliffs, the parent company of Northshore, and the Trust received royalty payments as summarized below.

As reported to Mesabi Trust by Cliffs in the Royalty Report, based on shipments of iron ore products by Northshore during the three months ended March 31, 2021, Mesabi Trust was credited with a base royalty of $3,048,457.  For the three months ended March 31, 2021, Mesabi Trust was also credited with a bonus royalty in the amount of $3,658,148. The royalty also included a reduction of $557,016 as a result of negative pricing adjustments to base and bonus royalty calculations related to changes in price estimates made in prior quarters.  In addition, a royalty payment of $190,443 was paid to the Mesabi Land Trust.  Accordingly, the total royalty payments received by Mesabi Trust on April 30, 2021 from Cliffs were $6,340,032.

The royalties paid to Mesabi Trust are based on the volume of shipments of iron ore pellets for the quarter and the year to date, the pricing of iron ore product sales, and the percentage of iron ore pellet shipments from Mesabi Trust lands rather than from non-Mesabi Trust lands.  In the first calendar quarter of 2021, Cliffs credited Mesabi Trust with 919,457 tons of iron ore shipped, as compared to 340,617 tons shipped during the first calendar quarter of 2020.

The volume of shipments of iron ore pellets (and other iron ore products) by Northshore varies from quarter to quarter and year to year based on a number of factors, including the requested delivery schedules of customers, general economic conditions in the iron ore industry, and weather conditions on the Great Lakes. Further, the prices under the term contracts among Northshore, Cliffs, and certain of their customers (the “Cliffs Pellet Agreements”), to which Mesabi Trust is not a party, are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors, some of which are not known until after the end of a contract year. The factors that could result in price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts include changes in the Platts Prices, hot-rolled coil steel price, the Atlantic Basin pellet premium, published Platts international indexed freight rates and changes in specified producer price indices, including those for industrial commodities, fuel and steel. These multiple factors can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust (and in turn, the resulting funds available for distribution to Unitholders by Mesabi Trust) from quarter to quarter and from year to year. These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trustees of Mesabi Trust. Royalty payments anticipated to be received during the current year will continue to reflect pricing estimates for shipments of iron ore products that will be subject to positive or negative pricing adjustments pursuant to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements. Based on the above factors, and as indicated by Mesabi Trust’s historical distribution payments to Unitholders, the

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royalties received by Mesabi Trust, and the distributions paid to Unitholders, if any, in any particular quarter are not necessarily indicative of royalties that will be received, or distributions that will be paid, if any, in any subsequent quarter or full year.

With respect to calendar year 2021, Northshore has not advised Mesabi Trust of its expected shipments of iron ore products, or what percentage of 2021 shipments will be from Mesabi Trust iron ore. In the Cliffs’ Royalty Report, Cliffs stated that the royalty payments reported on April 30, 2021 were based on estimated iron ore pellet prices under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, which are subject to change. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to Mesabi Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.

Mesabi Trust Distribution Announcement

As previously reported by Mesabi Trust on April 12, 2021, the Trustees declared a distribution of eighty-nine cents ($0.89) per Unit of Beneficial Interest payable on May 20, 2021 to Mesabi Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on April 30, 2021. This distribution was paid as announced.

Arbitration Pending Against Cliffs and Northshore

On December 9, 2019, Mesabi Trust initiated arbitration against Northshore, the lessee/operator of the leased lands, and its parent, Cliffs. The arbitration proceeding was commenced with the American Arbitration Association. The Trust asserts claims concerning the calculation of royalties related to the production, shipment and sale of iron ore, including DR-grade pellets. More particularly, the claims involve the Trust’s allegations that Northshore and Cliffs have improperly calculated royalty amounts with respect to DR-grade pellets by planning isolated sale transactions of low silica iron ore into international markets at prices significantly below standard pellet pricing. The allegations include failure by Northshore and Cliffs to provide timely and contract-based access to information and individuals necessary to evaluate compliance with the royalty agreement. Based on information currently available to the Trust, the Trust seeks an award of damages, along with specific performance and declaratory relief. During 2020, the parties appointed a three-member arbitration panel and engaged in discovery. The arbitration hearing took place in May 2021. Post-hearing briefs and oral argument are scheduled for July 2021.

Other Recent Developments Concerning Cliffs

Overview

In its most recently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021 (filed April 28, 2021) (“Form 10-Q”), Cliffs disclosed that it is the largest flat-rolled steel producer in North America. Founded in 1847 as a mine operator, Cliffs disclosed that it is also the largest producer of iron ore pellets in North America. In 2020, Cliffs acquired two major steelmakers, AK Steel and ArcelorMittal USA, vertically integrating its legacy iron ore business with quality-focused steel production and emphasis on the automotive end market.

Cliffs’ Form 10-Q further disclosed that the fundamentals of its business have rebounded strongly since the COVID-19 pandemic disruption that occurred during 2020. The price for domestic hot-rolled coil steel (“HRC”), the most significant index in driving Cliffs’ revenues and profitability, currently is at an all-time high, as a direct result of favorable supply-demand dynamics following the pandemic. The HRC index averaged $1,201 per net ton for the first quarter of 2021, 105% higher than the same period last year. In Cliffs’ April 2021 Form 10-Q filing, Cliffs further disclosed that the price of iron ore has also risen dramatically over the past year, which along with strong demand, has been an important factor in rising steel prices globally. The Platts 62% Price averaged $167 per metric ton in the first quarter of 2021, an 88% increase compared to the same period in 2020. While playing a role in increased prices of steel, Cliffs noted that it also directly benefits from higher iron ore prices for the portion of iron ore pellets that it sells to third parties.

Expanding to New Markets

Cliffs’ Form 10-K noted that its Toledo direct reduction plant allows Cliffs to offer another unique, high-quality product, HBI briquettes (“HBI”), to discerning raw material buyers. According to Cliffs’ Form 10-K, electric arc furnace (“EAF”) steelmakers primarily use scrap for their iron feedstock, and Cliffs’ HBI offers a sophisticated alternative with less impurities, allowing other steelmakers to increase the quality of their respective end-steel products and reduce reliance on imported metallics. Further, Cliffs’ Form 10-K disclosed that the acquisitions of AK Steel and Arcelor Mittal USA completed by Cliffs in 2020 provide other potential outlets for HBI, as it can also be used in Cliffs’ integrated steel operations to increase productivity and help to reduce carbon footprint, allowing for more cost efficient and environmentally friendly steelmaking. Cliffs’ Northshore Mining plant in Silver Bay, Minnesota produces the DR-grade iron ore pellets used as feedstock for Cliffs’ HBI plant in Toledo. On June 9, 2021, Cliffs announced that it held a ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the initial six months of continued operation and production of HBI at Cliffs’ state-of-the-art direct reduction plant in Toledo.

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Environmental Sustainability

In its Form 10-K, Cliffs disclosed that as it transforms, its commitment to operating its business in a more environmentally responsible manner remains constant. One of the most important issues impacting the industry in which it competes, its stakeholders and the planet as a whole, is climate change. As a result, Cliffs noted that it is continuing its proactive approach by committing to reduce greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions 25% from 2017 levels by 2030. This goal represents combined Scope 1 (direct) and Scope 2 (indirect) GHG emission reductions across all of Cliffs’ operations. Prior to setting this goal with Cliffs’ newly acquired steel assets, Cliffs exceeded its own previous 26% GHG reduction target at Cliffs’ legacy facilities six years ahead of Cliffs’ 2025 goal. In 2019, Cliffs reduced its combined Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions by 42% on a mass basis from 2005 baseline levels. Cliffs disclosed that its goal is to further reduce those emissions in coming years. Additionally, Cliffs described that many of its steel assets have improved plant and energy efficiency through participation in programs like the U.S. Department of Energy’s Better Plants program and the EPA’s Energy Star program. With Cliffs’ longstanding focus on plant and energy efficiency, Cliffs disclosed that it is aiming to build on previous successes across its newly integrated enterprise.

Cliffs disclosed that its GHG reduction commitment is based on executing the following five strategic priorities:

Important Factors Affecting Mesabi Trust

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The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business. This prohibition seemingly applies even to business activities the Trustees deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust’s assets. Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, monitoring royalties and protecting and conserving the held assets.

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Neither Mesabi Trust nor the Trustees have any control over the operations and activities of Northshore, except within the framework of the Amended Assignment Agreements. Cliffs alone controls (i) historical operating data, including iron ore production volumes, marketing of iron ore products, operating and capital expenditures as they relate to Northshore, environmental and other liabilities and the effects of regulatory changes; (ii) plans for Northshore’s future operating and capital expenditures; (iii) geological data relating to ore reserves; (iv) projected production of iron ore products; (v) contracts between Cliffs and Northshore with their customers; and (vi) the decision to mine off Mesabi Trust and/or state lands, based on Cliffs’ current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions at Northshore, nor do the Trustees provide any input regarding the ore reserve estimated at Northshore as reported by Cliffs. While the Trustees request relevant information from Cliffs and Northshore in accordance with the royalty agreement for use in periodic reports as part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees do not control this information and they rely on the information in Cliffs’ periodic and current filings with the SEC to provide accurate and timely information in Mesabi Trust’s reports filed with the SEC.

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In accordance with the Agreement of Trust and the Amendment, the Trustees are entitled to, and in fact do, rely upon certain experts in good faith, including (i) the independent consultants with respect to monthly production and shipment reports, which include figures on crude ore production and iron ore pellet shipments, and discussions concerning the condition and accuracy of the scales and plans regarding the development of Mesabi Trust’s mining property; and (ii) the accounting firm they have contracted with for non-audit services, including reviews of financial data related to shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore and a review of the schedule of leasehold royalties payable to Mesabi Trust.

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For a discussion of additional factors, including but not limited to those that could adversely affect Mesabi Trust’s actual results and performance, see “Risk Factors” set forth on pages 3 through 14 of the Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year-ended January 31, 2021 (filed April 27, 2021).

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Iron Ore Pricing and Contract Adjustments

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During the course of its fiscal year some portion of the royalties paid to Mesabi Trust are based on estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements. Mesabi Trust is not a party to any of the Cliffs Pellet Agreements. These prices are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and which adjustments are dependent in part on a variety of price and inflation index factors, including but not limited to various benchmark pellet prices, hot band steel prices and various Producer Price Indexes. Although Northshore makes interim adjustments to the royalty payments on a quarterly basis, these price adjustments cannot be finalized until after the end of a contract year. This may result in significant and frequent variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust (and in turn the resulting amount of funds available for distribution to Unitholders by the Trust)

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from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis. These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by Mesabi Trust. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could partially or even completely offset royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year-end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.

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Effects of Securities Regulation

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The Trust is a publicly traded, pass-through royalty trust with its Trust Certificates listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and is therefore subject to extensive regulation under, among others, the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”), each as amended, and the rules and regulations of the NYSE. Issuers failing to comply with such authorities risk serious consequences, including criminal as well as civil and administrative penalties. In most instances, these laws, rules and regulations do not specifically address their applicability to a publicly-traded pass-through royalty trust such as Mesabi Trust. In particular, Sarbanes-Oxley mandated the adoption by the SEC and NYSE of certain rules and regulations that are impossible for the Trust to literally satisfy because of its nature as a pass-through trust. Pursuant to NYSE rules, as a pass-through royalty trust, the Trust is exempt from many of the corporate governance requirements that apply to other publicly traded corporations. The Trust does not have, nor does the Agreement of Trust provide for, a board of directors, an audit committee, a corporate governance committee, a compensation committee or executive officers. The Trust has no employees. The Trustees closely monitor the SEC’s and NYSE’s rulemaking activities and will comply with their rules and regulations to the extent applicable.

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The Trust’s website is located at www.mesabi-trust.com.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

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This “Trustees’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based upon the Trust’s financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Trustees to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Trustees base their estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Trustees believe are reasonable under the circumstances. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. Critical accounting policies are those that have meaningful impact on the reporting of the Trust’s financial condition and results of operations, and that require significant judgment and estimates.

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There have been no material changes in the Trust’s critical accounting policies or significant accounting estimates during the three months ended April 30, 2021. For a complete description of the Trust’s significant accounting policies, please see Note 2 to the financial statements included in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2021 (filed April 27, 2021).

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Certain Tax Information

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The Trust is not taxable as a corporation for federal or state income tax purposes and is instead qualified as a nontaxable grantor trust. Since the Trust’s inception, all net taxable income is annually attributable directly to Unitholders for tax purposes regardless of whether the income is distributed or retained by the Trust in its reserve account. As such, in lieu of the Trust paying income taxes, Unitholders report their pro rata share of the various items of Trust income and deductions on their income tax returns. This reporting is required whether or not the earnings of the Trust are distributed as to Unitholders. During calendar year 2020, any funds retained to increase the Trust’s unallocated reserve, which were derived from reportable royalty income, will nonetheless become taxable as reportable income to Unitholders, depending on each individual’s personal tax situation. Information regarding the background on the changes in the Trust’s unallocated reserve is described above under “Results of Operations — Comparison of Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2021, April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2021” on page 14. Unitholders are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors to plan for any financial impact related to this and to review their personal tax situations related to investing in, holding or selling units of beneficial interest in Mesabi Trust.

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regulations of the SEC. Due to the pass-through nature of the Trust, the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust is received from Cliffs and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Northshore. In order to help ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information required to be disclosed in the Trust’s periodic and current reports, the Trust employs certified public accountants, geological consultants, and attorneys. These professionals hired by the Trust advise the Trust in its review and compilation of the information in this Form 10-Q and the other periodic reports filed by the Trust with the SEC.

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As part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees rely on quarterly shipment and royalty calculations provided by Northshore and Cliffs. Because Northshore has declined to provide a written certification attesting to whether Northshore has established disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls sufficient to enable it to verify that the information furnished to the Trustees is accurate and complete, the Trustees also rely on (a) an annual certification from Northshore and Cliffs, certifying as to the accuracy of the royalty calculations, and (b) the related due diligence review performed by the Trust’s accountants. In addition, Mesabi Trust’s consultants review the schedule of leasehold royalties payable, and shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore against production and shipment reports prepared by Eveleth Fee Office, Inc., an independent consultant to Mesabi Trust (“Eveleth Fee Office”). Eveleth Fee Office performs inspections of the Northshore mine and its pelletizing operations, observes production and shipping activities, gathers production and shipping information from Northshore and prepares monthly production and shipment reports for the Trustees. Furthermore, as part of its engagement by Mesabi Trust, Eveleth Fee Office also attends Northshore’s calibration and testing of its crude ore scales and boat loader scales which are conducted on a periodic basis.

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As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Trustees carried out an evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Trustees have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. To the knowledge of the Trustees, there were no changes in the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Trust’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting. The Trustees note for purposes of clarification that they have no authority over, and make no statement concerning, the internal controls of Northshore or Cliffs.

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