Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 001-41989

BOUNDLESS BIO, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware	83-0751369
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9880 Campus Point Drive, Suite 120 San Diego, CA 92121	92121
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 766-9912

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

    Title of each class

    Trading
Symbol(s)

    Name of each exchange on which registered

    Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share

    BOLD

    Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 31, 2024, the registrant had 22,254,537 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	2
	Condensed Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity / (Deficit)	3
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	23
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	23

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	25

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	25
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	25
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	25
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	25
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	25
Item 5.	Other Information	25
Item 6.	Exhibits	27
Signatures		28

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Condensed Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and par value data)


	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	31,363		$	23,706
Short-term investments		147,927			97,046
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,842			3,452
Total current assets		183,132			124,204
Property and equipment, net		3,739			2,573
Right-of-use asset, net		754			2,002
Restricted cash		560			560
Other assets		18			555
Total assets	$	188,203		$	129,894
Liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity / (deficit)
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	6,066		$	4,266
Accrued compensation		2,054			2,898
Lease liabilities, current portion		837			2,195
Total current liabilities		8,957			9,359
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares authorized, issued, or outstanding as of June 30, 2024; 287,446,844 shares authorized, issued, and outstanding as of December 31, 2023; liquidation preference of $252.1 million as of December 31, 2023		—			247,617
Stockholders’ equity / (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 70,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024; no shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023		—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 700,000,000 shares authorized, 22,254,537 shares issued, and 22,254,102 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2024; 402,600,000 shares authorized, 1,248,493 shares issued, and 1,247,012 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023		2			—
Additional paid-in-capital		347,823			8,987
Accumulated other comprehensive income / (loss)		(64	)		40
Accumulated deficit		(168,515	)		(136,109	)
Total stockholders’ equity / (deficit)		179,246			(127,082	)
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity / (deficit)	$	188,203		$	129,894

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	14,735		$	11,075		$	27,864		$	20,577
General and administrative		4,656			2,885			8,410			5,470
Total operating expenses		19,391			13,960			36,274			26,047
Loss from operations		(19,391	)		(13,960	)		(36,274	)		(26,047	)
Other income, net:
Interest income		2,382			1,551			3,803			1,914
Other income, net		33			11			65			16
Total other income, net		2,415			1,562			3,868			1,930
Net loss	$	(16,976	)	$	(12,398	)	$	(32,406	)	$	(24,117	)

Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(16,976	)	$	(12,398	)	$	(32,406	)	$	(24,117	)
Unrealized gain/(loss) on short-term investments		(43	)		(20	)		(104	)		258
Comprehensive loss	$	(17,019	)	$	(12,418	)	$	(32,510	)	$	(23,859	)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.77	)	$	(10.28	)	$	(2.78	)	$	(20.18	)
Shares used in calculation		22,023			1,206			11,641			1,195

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity / (Deficit)

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)


	Convertible Preferred Stock						Common Stock
	Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount		Additional paid-in-capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss)			Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity / (deficit)
Balance at December 31, 2023		287,446,844		$	247,617			1,247,012	$	—	$	8,987	$	40		$	(136,109	)	$	(127,082	)
Vesting of early exercised stock options		—			—			522		—		2		—			—			2
Exercise of stock options		—			—			15,104		—		59		—			—			59
Stock-based compensation		—			—			—		—		1,328		—			—			1,328
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		—			—			—		—		—		(61	)		—			(61	)
Net loss		—			—			—		—		—		—			(15,430	)		(15,430	)
Balance at March 31, 2024		287,446,844		$	247,617			1,262,638	$	—	$	10,376	$	(21	)	$	(151,539	)	$	(141,184	)
Issuance of common stock in initial public offering, net of $12,305 in discounts and offering costs		—			—			6,250,000		1		87,694		—			—			87,695
Conversion of convertible preferred stock into common stock upon initial public offering		(287,446,844	)		(247,617	)		14,740,840		1		247,616		—			—			247,617
Vesting of early exercised stock options		—			—			524		—		2		—			—			2
Exercise of stock options		—			—			100		—		—		—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—			—			—		—		2,135		—			—			2,135
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		—			—			—		—		—		(43	)		—			(43	)
Net loss		—			—			—		—		—		—			(16,976	)		(16,976	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		—		$	—			22,254,102	$	2	$	347,823	$	(64	)	$	(168,515	)	$	179,246

Balance at December 31, 2022		144,589,706		$	147,946			1,167,240	$	—	$	5,377	$	(398	)	$	(86,675	)		(81,696	)
Vesting of early exercised stock options		—			—			17,505		—		52		—			—			52
Exercise of stock options		—			—			9,195		—		31		—			—			31
Stock-based compensation		—			—			—		—		615		—			—			615
Unrealized gain on short-term investments		—			—			—		—		—		278			—			278
Net loss		—			—			—		—		—		—			(11,719	)		(11,719	)
Balance at March 31, 2023		144,589,706		$	147,946			1,193,940	$	—	$	6,075	$	(120	)	$	(98,394	)	$	(92,439	)
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, net of $329 in issuance costs		142,857,138			99,671			—		—		—		—			—			—
Vesting of early exercised stock options		—			—			12,164		—		36		—			—			36
Exercise of stock options		—			—			7,209		—		26		—			—			26
Stock-based compensation		—			—			—		—		927		—			—			927
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		—			—			—		—		—		(20	)		—			(20	)
Net loss		—			—			—		—		—		—			(12,398	)		(12,398	)
Balance as of June 30, 2023		287,446,844		$	247,617			1,213,313	$	—	$	7,064	$	(140	)	$	(110,792	)	$	(103,868	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(32,406	)	$	(24,117	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		3,463			1,542
Depreciation		528			475
Accretion of investments, net		(2,676	)		(813	)
Non-cash lease expense		1,249			1,071
Other		—			25
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(1,849	)		(348	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		1,037			259
Operating lease liabilities		(1,358	)		(1,074	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(32,012	)		(22,980	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of investments		(124,652	)		(97,387	)
Maturities of investments		76,185			51,246
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,587	)		(214	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(50,054	)		(46,355	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock from initial public offering, net of discounts		93,000			—
Payments of common stock offering costs		(3,336	)		—
Proceeds from the issuance of convertible preferred stock		—			100,000
Convertible preferred stock issuance costs		—			(329	)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		59			57
Net cash provided by financing activities		89,723			99,728
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		7,657			30,393
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		24,266			11,484
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	31,923		$	41,877
Components of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	$	31,363		$	41,317
Restricted cash		560			560
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	31,923		$	41,877
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Change in unpaid common stock issuance costs	$	(183	)	$	—
Addition to ROU assets	$	—		$	282
Increase to ROU assets due to remeasurement of lease obligation	$	—		$	1,125
Vesting of early exercised stock options	$	4		$	88
Unpaid property and equipment purchases	$	107		$	100

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Boundless Bio, Inc. (the Company) is a clinical-stage precision oncology company dedicated to unlocking a new paradigm in cancer therapeutics to address the significant unmet need in patients with oncogene amplified tumors by targeting extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA). The Company is focused on designing and developing small molecule drugs called ecDNA directed therapeutic candidates (ecDTx). The Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware on April 10, 2018 and is headquartered in San Diego, California.

Initial Public Offering

On April 2, 2024, the Company completed its initial public offering (IPO), pursuant to which it sold 6,250,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $16.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $87.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and other offering expenses. Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO, the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 14,740,840 shares of common stock. Following the closing of the IPO, no shares of convertible preferred stock were authorized or outstanding.

In connection with the closing of its IPO, on April 2, 2024, the Company’s certificate of incorporation was amended and restated to authorize 700,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and 70,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, par value of $0.0001 per share.

Reverse Stock Split

On March 19, 2024, the Company effected a one-for-19.5 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect this reverse stock split and adjustment of the conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s convertible preferred stock. The par value and the number of authorized shares of the convertible preferred stock and common stock were not adjusted in connection with the reverse stock split.

Liquidity

Since the Company commenced operations in 2018, it has devoted substantially all of its efforts and resources to organizing and staffing the Company, business planning, raising capital, building its proprietary Spyglass platform, discovering its ecDTx, developing its ecDNA diagnostic candidate, establishing its intellectual property portfolio, conducting research, preclinical studies, and clinical trials, establishing arrangements with third parties for the manufacture of its ecDTx and related raw materials, and providing other general and administrative support for these operations.

Since inception, the Company has incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from its operations and expects that it will continue to do so into the foreseeable future as it continues its development of, seeks regulatory approval for, and potentially commercializes any of its ecDTx and seeks to discover and develop additional ecDTx, utilizes third parties to manufacture its ecDTx and related raw materials, seeks to develop its ecDNA diagnostic candidate, hires additional personnel, and expands and protects its intellectual property. If the Company obtains regulatory approval for any of its ecDTx, it expects to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing, and distribution. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $168.5 million and cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $179.3 million. The Company believes that its existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund its operations for at least 12 months from the issuance date of these condensed financial statements.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) and the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP can be condensed or omitted. The financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) and Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Information

The condensed balance sheet as of June 30, 2024, the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the condensed statements of convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity / (deficit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and the condensed statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. These unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim period presented. The financial data and the other financial information contained in these notes to the condensed financial statements related to the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are also unaudited. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024 or for any other future annual or interim period.

The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements included in the Company’s prospectus (the Prospectus) dated March 27, 2024 related to its IPO filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with the SEC on March 28, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.

On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, primarily related to stock-based compensation, the fair value of its investments and common stock, and accrued research and development costs. These estimates are based on historical data and experience, as well as various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company’s estimates relating to the valuation of stock options require the selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and models, and significant judgment in evaluating ranges of assumptions and financial inputs.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking and money market accounts.

The balance reflected in these financial statements as restricted cash represents a deposit account pledged as collateral to secure a standby letter of credit required as a security deposit on one of the Company’s leased facilities. The Company has classified the restricted cash as a noncurrent asset on its balance sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to the concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and investments. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions which exceeded federally insured limits by $2.9 million as of June 30, 2024. Management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held. The Company’s investment policy includes guidelines for the quality of the related institutions and financial instruments and defines allowable investments that the Company may invest in, which the Company believes minimizes its exposure to concentration of credit risk.

Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

or liability. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments are carried at fair value, determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above. The carrying values of the Company’s prepaid expenses, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. None of the Company’s non-financial assets or liabilities are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Deferred Offering Costs and Common Stock Issuance Costs

The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional, accounting, and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings as deferred offering costs until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded in stockholders’ equity (deficit) as a reduction of proceeds generated as a result of the offering. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were $0 and $2.2 million of deferred offering costs, respectively. At the closing of the IPO, the amounts recorded in deferred offering costs were reclassified to additional paid-in capital within stockholders' equity.

Segments

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.

Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company’s convertible preferred stock is classified as temporary equity in the accompanying balance sheets and excluded from stockholders’ equity / (deficit) as the potential redemption of such stock is outside the Company’s control and would require the redemption of the then-outstanding convertible preferred stock. The convertible preferred stock is not redeemable except for in the event of a liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company. Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of convertible preferred stock are recorded as a reduction of gross proceeds from issuance. The Company does not accrete the carrying values of the preferred stock to the redemption values since the occurrence of these events was not considered probable as of December 31, 2023. Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO on April 2, 2024, the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 14,740,840 shares of common stock. Following the closing of the IPO, no shares of convertible preferred stock were authorized or outstanding.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include its convertible preferred stock, options to purchase common stock, and common stock subject to repurchase related to unvested restricted stock and options early exercised, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

As of June 30, 2024, several new accounting pronouncements had been issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board with future adoption dates. All applicable accounting pronouncements will be adopted by the Company by the date required. Management is

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

reviewing the impact of adoption of all pending accounting pronouncements but is not yet in a position to determine the impact on the Company’s financial statements and the notes thereto.

Fair Value Measurements

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their respective input levels based on the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):


			Fair Value Measurements Using
As of June 30, 2024 (in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Money market funds (1)	$	28,130	$	28,130	$	—	$	—
U.S. government obligations (2)		139,126		—		139,126		—
Corporate debt securities (2)		8,801		—		8,801		—
Total fair value of assets	$	176,057	$	28,130	$	147,927	$	—

(1)

Included in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheets.

(2)

Included in short-term investments on the balance sheets.


			Fair Value Measurements Using
As of December 31, 2023 (in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Money market funds (1)	$	21,737	$	21,737	$	—	$	—
U.S. government obligations (2)		92,143		—		92,143		—
Corporate debt securities (2)		4,903		—		4,903		—
Total fair value of assets	$	118,783	$	21,737	$	97,046	$	—

(1)

Included in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheets.

(2)

Included in short-term investments on the balance sheets.

The Company’s money market funds are classified as Level 1 because they are valued using quoted market prices. The Company’s investments consist of available-for-sale securities and are classified as Level 2 because their value is based on valuations using significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

There were no transfers of assets between fair value levels for all periods presented.

Investments

The following tables summarize investments accounted for as available-for-sale securities (in thousands):


	As of June 30, 2024
	Acquisition Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value
Money market funds	$	28,130	$	—	$	—		$	28,130
U.S. government obligations		139,179		—		(53	)		139,126
Corporate debt securities		8,812		—		(11	)		8,801
Total cash equivalents and investments	$	176,121	$	—	$	(64	)	$	176,057
Classified as:
Cash equivalents								$	28,130
Short-term investments									147,927
Total cash equivalents and investments								$	176,057

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements


	As of December 31, 2023
	Acquisition Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value
Money market funds	$	21,737	$	—	$	—		$	21,737
U.S. government obligations		92,106		58		(21	)		92,143
Corporate debt securities		4,900		5		(2	)		4,903
Total cash equivalents and investments	$	118,743	$	63	$	(23	)	$	118,783
Classified as:
Cash equivalents								$	21,737
Short-term investments									97,046
Total cash equivalents and investments								$	118,783

On June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the remaining contractual maturities of all the Company’s available-for-sale investments were less than 12 months. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has not established an allowance for credit losses for any of its available-for-sale securities.

As of June 30, 2024, there were 39 available-for-sale securities, with an estimated fair value of $145.5 million in gross unrealized loss positions. As of December 31, 2023, there were 24 available-for-sale securities, with an estimated fair value of $40.3 million in gross unrealized loss positions. Based on its review of these investments, the Company believes that the unrealized losses reflect the impact of the rising interest rate environment and were not other-than-temporary in nature.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lab equipment	$	4,334	$	4,264
Computers and software		839		833
Leasehold improvements		1,664		46
Furniture and fixtures		157		157
		6,994		5,300
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		3,255		2,727
	$	3,739	$	2,573

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $0.3 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accounts payable	$	1,686	$	2,222
Accrued research and development costs		3,441		1,575
Other accrued liabilities		939		469
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	6,066	$	4,266

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

Lease Agreements

2022 Lease

In March 2021, as amended in November 2021, the Company entered into a non-cancelable operating lease for a facility in San Diego, California (the 2022 Lease). The 2022 Lease had an initial term that ended in May 2024, although this was subsequently amended such that this lease now ends on that date occurring 14 days after the lease commencement date for the 2024 Lease (see below). The 2022 Lease provides for the rental of lab and office space, contains rent escalation provisions, and requires the Company to pay a portion of the operating costs related to the underlying multitenant facility. Rental payments under the 2022 Lease commenced in mid-January 2022. Based on information obtained from its landlord, the Company has recorded a right-of-use (ROU) asset and an associated lease obligation for the lab and office space leased under the 2022 Lease. The net ROU asset of $0.8 million and associated lease obligation of $0.8 million are reflected in the Company’s balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 and are estimates that will change should there be a change in the anticipated occupancy date of the property and associated campus underlying the 2024 Lease. The Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate of approximately 8.0% was used in its present value calculation as the 2022 Lease does not have a stated rate and the implicit rate was not readily determinable.

As of June 30, 2024, future minimum lease payments under the 2022 Lease are expected to total $0.8 million, including imputed interest of approximately $7,000. All future payments under the 2022 Lease are expected to occur in 2024.

2024 Lease

In December 2021, the Company entered into a non-cancelable facility lease for approximately 80,000 square feet of lab and office space in La Jolla, California (the 2024 Lease). The facility to be occupied by the Company under the 2024 Lease will be built to the Company’s specifications; the 2024 Lease agreement includes tenant improvement allowances totaling $22.0 million, repayment of which is included in the future minimum lease payments called for under the agreement.

As of June 30, 2024, although construction of the property underlying the 2024 Lease is underway, the commencement date of the 2024 Lease has not yet been determined. At completion of construction, the Company will occupy the facility for a 120-month term, with payments under the lease commencing after a six-month rent abatement period and continuing through the conclusion of the term. As of June 30, 2024, the landlord has advised the Company that this property will be available for occupancy in October 2024. This date is an estimate, which is subject to change based on the delivery of the property and its associated campus. The 2024 Lease includes base lease payments aggregating $71.9 million, as well as additional charges for common area maintenance and property taxes. The Company has the right to extend the term of the 2024 Lease for an additional 60 months.

Additionally, as a security deposit under this agreement, the Company is required to maintain a standby letter-of-credit in the amount of $0.5 million, which must remain in place until November 2034.

Operating Leases

The Company has made upfront payments under its lease agreements totaling $0.8 million, $0.5 million of which is included in other long-term assets on the balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company paid $1.4 million in cash for operating leases, included in the operating activities section of the condensed statements of cash flows, for each of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, and 2023.

Commitments and Contingencies

Contracts

The Company enters into contracts in the normal course of business with various third parties for preclinical research studies, clinical trials, testing, manufacturing, and other services. These contracts generally provide for termination upon notice and are cancellable without significant penalty or payment and do not contain any minimum purchase commitments.

Indemnification Agreements

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

indemnification agreements with officers and members of its board of directors that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The maximum potential future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is, in many cases, unlimited. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs because of these indemnifications. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any claims under indemnification arrangements will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and it has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its financial statements as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Litigation

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties, and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. There are no matters currently outstanding for which any liabilities have been accrued. The Company was not a defendant in any lawsuit for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023.

Convertible Preferred Stock

Series A, B, and C Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company issued its convertible preferred stock in a series of transactions as follows:

•

In August 2018, 7,142,857 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were issued for cash at a price of $0.70 per share, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $4.9 million;

•

In June 2019, an additional 26,046,438 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were issued for cash at a price of $0.70 per share, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $18.1 million;

•

In July 2020, an additional 33,189,295 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were issued for cash at a price of $0.70 per share, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $23.2 million;

•

In April 2021, the Company entered into a Series B convertible preferred stock purchase agreement under which it issued 78,211,116 shares of its Series B convertible preferred stock for cash, at a price of $1.35 per share, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $105.3 million;

•

In April and May 2023, the Company entered into a Series C convertible preferred stock purchase agreement under which it issued 142,857,138 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock for cash, at a price of $0.70 per share, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $99.7 million.

Common Stock Issued for Conversion of Convertible Preferred Stock

Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO on April 2, 2024, the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 14,740,840 shares of common stock, as adjusted for the reverse stock split. Following the closing of the IPO, no shares of convertible preferred stock were authorized or outstanding.

Rights, Preferences, and Privileges of Convertible Preferred Stock

The rights, preferences, and privileges of the previously outstanding convertible preferred stock are detailed in Note 9 of the notes to financial statements included the Prospectus.

10.

Common Stock

Common Stock Rights

The holder of each outstanding share of common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of common stock. Subject to the rights of the holders of any class of the Company’s capital stock having any preference or priority over common stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends that are declared by the Company’s board of directors out of legally available funds. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in the net assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation value of the Preferred Stock then outstanding. The common stock has no preemptive rights, conversion rights, redemption rights or sinking fund provisions, and there are no dividends in arrears or default. All shares of common stock have equal distribution, liquidation and voting rights, and have no preferences or exchange rights.

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consisted of the following:


	As of June 30,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Conversion of outstanding convertible preferred stock		—		14,740,840
Common stock options issued and outstanding		4,188,436		2,813,937
Equity awards available for future issuance		2,279,257		861,155
Shares available for purchase under the ESPP		231,919		—
Total		6,699,612		18,415,932

11.

Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plan

In March 2024, the Company adopted the 2024 Incentive Plan (as amended, the Plan), which has a term of ten years. The Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, dividend equivalents, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, and other stock or cash-based awards to its employees, consultants, and directors. Options granted under the Plan are exercisable at various dates as determined upon grant and will expire no more than 10 years from their date of grant. Stock options generally vest over terms of either 36 or 48 months. The exercise price of awards under the Plan shall not be less than 100% of the estimated fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. In addition, the Plan includes an “evergreen” provision whereby the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Plan will be increased annually on the first day of each calendar year during the term of the Plan, beginning in 2025, by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 5% of the shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year or (ii) such smaller number of shares as determined by the Company’s board of directors or an authorized committee of the board of directors. As of June 30, 2024, a total of 2,832,714 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the Plan. On June 30, 2024, 2,279,257 of these shares remain available for grant under the Plan.

Prior to the adoption of the Plan, the Company had awarded common stock options under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the Predecessor Plan). Under the provisions of the Plan, the shares subject to awards issued under the Predecessor Plan that were outstanding as of March 27, 2024, and that are subsequently cancelled or forfeited, will become available for issuance under, and serve to increase the number of shares that may be issued under, the Plan.

Stock Options

Stock option activity under the Plan and certain other related information is as follows:


	Number			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Term (years)		Aggregate- Intrinsic Value (in 000’s)
Balance as of December 31, 2023		2,813,937		$	4.10		7.8	$	562
Granted		1,393,744		$	11.16
Exercised		(15,211	)	$	3.90
Forfeited and expired		(4,034	)	$	4.05
Balance as of June 30, 2024		4,188,436		$	6.47		8.6	$	166
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2024		4,188,436		$	6.47		8.6	$	166
Exercisable as of June 30, 2024		1,394,504		$	4.55		7.6	$	165

Aggregate intrinsic value in the above table is the difference between the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock as of either June 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023, and the exercise price of stock options that had exercise prices below that value.

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

The options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 had an intrinsic value at exercise of approximately $1,000 and $32,000, respectively. The options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 had an intrinsic value at exercise of approximately $4,000 and $11,000, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and development expenses	$	888	$	395	$	1,412	$	667
General and administrative expenses		1,247		532		2,051		875
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,135	$	927	$	3,463	$	1,542

As of June 30, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding time-based options was $21.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years.

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the stock options granted during the following periods were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Expected option life (in years)		6.0			6.0			6.0			6.0
Assumed volatility		91.3	%		91.4	%		94.9	%		91.5	%
Assumed risk-free interest rate		4.3	%		3.9	%		4.2	%		3.9	%
Expected dividend yield		—			—			—			—

The weighted-average grant date per share fair value of options granted during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $4.55 and $5.64, respectively. The weighted-average grant date per share fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $11.59 and $5.64, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In March 2024, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and the Company’s stockholders approved, the Company’s 2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the ESPP), which became effective in connection with the IPO. The ESPP permits participants to contribute up to a specified percentage of their eligible compensation during a series of offering periods of 24 months, each comprised of four six-month purchase periods, to purchase the Company’s common stock. The purchase price of the shares will be 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first day of trading of the applicable offering period or on the applicable purchase date, whichever is lower. A total of 231,919 shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the ESPP includes an “evergreen” provision whereby the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP will be increased annually on the first day of each calendar year during the term of the ESPP, beginning in 2025, by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year or (ii) such smaller number of shares as determined by the Company’s board of directors or an authorized committee of the board of directors. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP of $0.3 million for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024, and $0 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to the ESPP was $0.8 million and is expected to be recognized as expense over approximately 1.29 years. As of June 30, 2024, $0.1 million has been withheld on behalf of employees for future purchases under the ESPP and is included in accrued compensation on the condensed balance sheets. The Company issued and sold no shares under the ESPP during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

12.

Net Loss Per Common Share

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share of the Company (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net loss	$	(16,976	)	$	(12,398	)	$	(32,406	)	$	(24,117	)
Weighted-average shares of common stock used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted		22,023			1,206			11,641			1,195
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.77	)	$	(10.28	)	$	(2.78	)	$	(20.18	)

The Company excluded the following potential shares of its common stock, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:


	June 30,
	2024		2023
Conversion of outstanding convertible preferred stock		—		14,740,840
Options to purchase common stock		4,188,436		2,468,816
Options early exercised subject to future vesting		435		2,850
Total		4,188,871		17,212,506

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis and the unaudited interim financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in the Prospectus dated March 27, 2024 filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 28, 2024 (the Prospectus).

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, research and development plans, the anticipated timing, costs, design, and conduct of our ongoing and planned clinical trials and preclinical studies for our extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) directed therapeutic candidates (ecDTx), ecDNA diagnostic candidate, our other discovery program, the timing of expected data readouts, the impact on our cash runway of our streamlining efforts and the sufficiency of our cash position and such efforts to fund operations and initial clinical proof-of-concept data readouts, the potential safety and therapeutic benefits of our ecDTx, the timing and likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals for our ecDTx, our ability to commercialize our ecDTx, if approved, the pricing and reimbursement of our ecDTx, if approved, the potential to develop future ecDTx, the potential benefits of strategic collaborations and our intent to enter into any strategic arrangements, the timing and likelihood of success, plans, and objectives of management for future operations, future results of anticipated ecDTx development efforts, and the sufficiency of our cash position to fund operations and milestones, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial and other trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including, without limitation, the risk factors described in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances, or otherwise. All forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement, which is made under the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage oncology company dedicated to unlocking a new paradigm in cancer therapeutics that addresses the significant unmet need in patients with oncogene amplified tumors by targeting ecDNA, a root cause of oncogene amplification observed in more than 14% of cancer patients. Using our proprietary Spyglass platform, we identify targets essential for ecDNA functionality in cancer cells, then design and develop ecDTx to inhibit those targets with the aim to prevent cancer cells from using ecDNA to grow, adapt, and become resistant to existing therapies. Instead of directly targeting the proteins produced by amplified oncogenes, like the approach of traditional targeted therapies, our ecDTx are intended to be synthetic lethal in tumor cells reliant on ecDNA. They are designed to disrupt the underlying cellular machinery that enables ecDNA to function properly, such as proteins essential for ecDNA replication, transcription, assembly, repair, and segregation.

Our lead ecDTx, BBI-355, is a novel, oral, selective small molecule inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) being studied in the ongoing first-in-human, Phase 1/2 POTENTIATE clinical trial in patients with oncogene amplified cancers (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05827614). As of July 22, 2024, no new safety signals have been observed, and there has been no evidence of combinatorial toxicity in the dose escalation cohorts evaluating BBI-355 in combination with either the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib or the FGFR inhibitor futibatinib. The initial pace of enrollment in the combination cohorts has been slower than anticipated. We have recently implemented multiple initiatives to help accelerate enrollment, including engaging with next-generation sequencing vendors to identify potential patients, adding new clinical sites in the United States, and preparing for the initiation of ex-U.S. sites. Based on current projections, we expect to have preliminary clinical proof-of-concept safety and antitumor activity data from the POTENTIATE trial in the second half of 2025.

Our second ecDTx, BBI-825, is a novel, oral, selective small molecule inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) being studied in the ongoing first-in-human, Phase 1/2 STARMAP clinical trial in colorectal cancer patients with BRAFV600E or KRASG12C mutations and resistance oncogene amplifications (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT06299761). Multiple dose levels have been completed in the single-agent, dose-escalation portion of the trial and, to date, BBI-825 has demonstrated oral bioavailability and has been generally

well-tolerated. We expect to have preliminary clinical proof-of-concept safety and antitumor data from the STARMAP trial in the second half of 2025.

Our third ecDTx program, in the drug discovery stage, is directed at a previously undrugged kinesin target essential for ecDNA segregation and inheritance during cell division. We are advancing this program through drug discovery to candidate identification and expect to submit an Investigational New Drug application (IND) in the first half of 2026.

Through our Spyglass platform, we are able to identify and preclinically validate additional ecDNA-essential targets. In addition to our three ecDTx programs described above, we have preclinically validated multiple additional ecDNA targets and have initiated ecDTx drug discovery efforts to identify candidates against such targets. To date, all of our ecDTx have been discovered internally, and we retain global rights for all of our programs.

To assist in identifying patients that may benefit from our ecDTx, we have developed an ecDNA diagnostic test, internally called ECHO (ecDNA Harboring Oncogenes), to detect ecDNA in patient tumor samples via routine next generation sequencing (NGS) assays. In partnership with an in vitro diagnostic company, we developed and analytically validated the ecDNA diagnostic for use as a clinical trial assay in the PONTENTIATE trial. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined that the ecDNA diagnostic is a non-significant risk device when used in patient selection for the POTENTIATE trial, meaning that we will not be required to obtain FDA approval of an investigational device exemption for the use of the ecDNA diagnostic in this trial. Additionally, we have received institutional review board approval to use the ecDNA diagnostic in the POTENTIATE trial.

Since we commenced operations in 2018, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital, building our proprietary Spyglass platform, discovering our ecDTx, developing our ecDNA diagnostic, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, conducting research, preclinical studies, and clinical trials, establishing arrangements with third parties for the manufacture of our ecDTx and related raw materials, and providing general and administrative support for these operations.

We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and, as of June 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $168.5 million. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and anticipate these losses will increase substantially as we continue our development of, seek regulatory approval for, and potentially commercialize any of our ecDTx and seek to discover and develop additional ecDTx, develop our ecDNA diagnostic, conduct our ongoing and planned clinical trials and preclinical studies, continue our research and development activities, utilize third parties to manufacture our ecDTx and related raw materials, hire additional personnel, expand and protect our intellectual property, as well as incur additional costs associated with being a public company. If we obtain regulatory approval for any of our ecDTx, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing, and distribution. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending on the timing of our clinical trials, preclinical studies, and our other research and development activities and capital expenditures.

In April 2024, we completed our initial public offering (IPO) pursuant to which we sold 6,250,000 shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of $100.0 million. Through June 30, 2024, we have raised a total of $353.6 million to fund our operations primarily from the gross proceeds from the sale and issuance of our convertible preferred stock and from our IPO. As of June 30, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $179.3 million. In August 2024, we announced our intention to scale back our early discovery efforts, including a modest reduction in workforce, to extend our operating runway. Based upon our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our operations into the fourth quarter of 2026.

We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue to date. We do not expect to generate any revenue from product sales until we successfully complete development and obtain regulatory approval for one or more of our ecDTx, which we expect will take a number of years and may never occur. We will need substantial additional funding in addition to the net proceeds of our IPO to support our continuing operations and pursue our long-term business plan, including to complete the development and commercialization of our ecDTx, if approved. Accordingly, until such time as we can generate significant revenue from sales of our ecDTx, if ever, we expect to finance our cash needs through equity offerings, debt financings, or other capital sources, including potential collaborations, licenses, and other similar arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all. Our failure to raise capital or enter into such other arrangements when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate our research and development programs or other operations, or grant rights to develop and market ecDTx that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

We do not own or operate, and currently have no plans to establish, any manufacturing facilities. We rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third parties for the manufacture of our ecDTx for preclinical and clinical testing, as well as for commercial manufacture if any of our ecDTx obtain marketing approval. We are working with our current manufacturers to ensure that we will be able to scale up our manufacturing capabilities to support our clinical plans. In addition, we rely on third parties to package, label, store, and distribute our ecDTx, and we intend to rely on third parties for our commercial products if marketing approval is obtained. We believe that this strategy allows us to maintain a more efficient infrastructure by eliminating the need for us to invest in our own manufacturing facilities, equipment, and personnel while also enabling us to focus our expertise and resources on the discovery and development of our ecDTx.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

To date, we have not generated any revenue from the sale of products. We do not expect to generate any such revenue unless and until such time that our ecDTx have advanced through clinical development and regulatory approval, if ever. If we fail to complete preclinical and clinical development of ecDTx or obtain regulatory approval for them, our ability to generate future revenues, and our results of operations and financial position would be adversely affected.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development

Our research and development (R&D) expenses have related primarily to the building of our Spyglass platform, our ecDTx discovery efforts, our preclinical and clinical development activities, and the development of an ecDNA diagnostic test. Our R&D expenses consist of:

•

direct program costs, including:

•

costs incurred under agreements with our contract research organizations (CROs), investigative sites, and consultants to conduct our clinical trials and preclinical studies, as well as third party costs related to the development of an ecDNA diagnostic test,

•

expenses related to manufacturing our ecDTx for clinical trials and preclinical studies, including fees paid to third-party manufacturers; and

•

indirect costs, including:

•

personnel-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, travel, and stock-based compensation expenses for employees engaged in research and development functions,

•

the costs of outside services from third parties, including consultants,

•

the costs of lab and pharmacology supplies,

•

facilities-related costs, including rent and maintenance costs, and other costs including insurance, depreciation, supplies, and miscellaneous expenses, and

•

other costs, including costs related to travel, repairs and maintenance, service contracts, computer supplies, software, and publications and subscription services.

R&D expenses are recognized as incurred, and payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in R&D are capitalized until the goods or services are received. We use internal resources primarily to conduct our research and discovery activities as well as for managing our preclinical development, process development, manufacturing, and clinical development activities. We track direct costs on a development program specific basis. Indirect costs are not included in program costs, as these costs are general in nature and benefit all of our discovery efforts and development programs.

Although R&D activities are central to our business model, the successful development of our ecDTx is highly uncertain. There are numerous factors associated with the successful development of any ecDTx, including future trial design and various regulatory requirements, many of which cannot be determined with accuracy at this time based on our stage of development. In addition, future regulatory factors beyond our control may impact our clinical development programs. Product candidates in later stages of development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of development. As a result, we expect that our R&D expenses will increase substantially for the foreseeable future as we continue to conduct our ongoing R&D activities, advance preclinical research programs toward clinical development, conduct clinical trials, hire additional personnel, and maintain, expand, protect, and enforce our intellectual property portfolio.

Our future R&D expenses may vary significantly based on a wide variety of factors such as:

•

the number, scope, rate of progress, expense, and results of our discovery and preclinical activities and clinical trials;

•

per patient trial costs;

•

the number of trials required for approval;

•

the number of sites included in the trials;

•

the countries in which the trials are conducted;

•

the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;

•

the cost of developing an ecDNA diagnostic test;

•

the number of patients that participate in the trials;

•

the number of doses that patients receive;

•

the drop-out or discontinuation rates of patients;

•

the potential additional safety monitoring requested by regulatory agencies;

•

the duration of patient participation in the trials and follow-up;

•

the cost and timing of manufacturing our ecDTx;

•

the phase of development of our ecDTx;

•

the extent of changes in government regulation and regulatory guidance;

•

the efficacy and safety profile of our ecDTx;

•

the timing, receipt, and terms of any approvals from applicable regulatory authorities; and

•

the extent to which we establish collaboration, license, or other arrangements.

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to development of any of our ecDTx could significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of that ecDTx.

The process of conducting the necessary preclinical and clinical research to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time-consuming. The actual probability of success for our current ecDTx or any future ecDTx may be affected by a variety of factors. We may never succeed in achieving regulatory approval for any of our ecDTx. Preclinical and clinical development timelines, the probability of success, and total development costs can differ materially from expectations. We anticipate that we will make determinations as to which ecDTx to pursue and how much funding to direct to each ecDTx on an ongoing basis in response to the results of ongoing and future preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory developments, and our ongoing assessments as to each ecDTx’s commercial potential. We will need to raise substantial additional capital in the future. In addition, we cannot forecast which ecDTx may be subject to future collaborations, when such arrangements will be secured, if at all, and to what degree such arrangements would affect our development plans and capital requirements.

General and Administrative

General and administrative (G&A) expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, travel, and stock-based compensation expenses for employees in executive, accounting and finance, business development, legal, and other administrative functions. Other significant costs include allocated facility-related costs, legal fees relating to intellectual property and corporate matters, professional fees for accounting and consulting services, insurance costs, and business development expenses.

We expect that our G&A expenses will increase substantially for the foreseeable future as we continue to increase our general and administrative headcount to support our continued R&D activities and, if any ecDTx receive marketing approval, commercialization activities, as well as to support our operations generally. We also expect to incur increased expenses related to audit, legal, regulatory, and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements, director and officer insurance premiums, and investor relations costs associated with operating as a public company.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and investments.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,
	2024			2023			Change
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	14,735		$	11,075		$	3,660
General and administrative		4,656			2,885			1,771
Total operating expenses		19,391			13,960			5,431
Loss from operations		(19,391	)		(13,960	)		(5,431	)
Other income, net:
Interest income		2,382			1,551			831
Other income, net		33			11			22
Total other income, net		2,415			1,562			853
Net loss	$	(16,976	)	$	(12,398	)	$	(4,578	)

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes our R&D expenses for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three months ended June 30,
	2024		2023		Change
Direct program costs:
BBI-355	$	2,761	$	2,097	$	664
BBI-825		3,325		1,352		1,973
Other development programs		1,068		1,054		14
Total direct program costs:		7,154		4,503		2,651
Indirect program costs
Personnel-related (including stock compensation)		4,573		3,268		1,305
Outside services and consulting		1,196		1,264		(68	)
Lab and pharmacology supplies		642		935		(293	)
Facilities-related (including depreciation)		710		732		(22	)
Other indirect program costs		460		373		87
Total indirect program costs:		7,581		6,572		1,009
Total R&D expenses	$	14,735	$	11,075	$	3,660

R&D expenses were $14.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $11.1 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily due to a $2.7 million increase in direct program costs for our BBI-355, BBI-825, and other development programs, a $0.8 million increase in personnel-related costs due to an increase in personnel and annual salary increases, and $0.5 million of additional stock-based compensation, partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in third-party services and other miscellaneous R&D costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

G&A expenses were $4.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $2.9 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in G&A expenses was due to a $0.4 million increase in personnel-related costs resulting from an increase in personnel and annual salary increases, $0.7 million of additional stock-based compensation, an increase in professional service fees of $0.2 million, and a $0.5 million increase in other G&A costs.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net was $2.4 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The $0.9 million increase resulted from the additional interest income generated by our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio due to the net proceeds from the sale of our common stock in our IPO in April 2024, as well as the increase in market yields available for such investment securities in comparison to the prior year period.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Six months ended June 30,
	2024			2023			Change
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	27,864		$	20,577		$	7,287
General and administrative		8,410			5,470			2,940
Total operating expenses		36,274			26,047			10,227
Loss from operations		(36,274	)		(26,047	)		(10,227	)
Other income, net:
Interest income		3,803			1,914			1,889
Other income, net		65			16			49
Total other income, net		3,868			1,930			1,938
Net loss	$	(32,406	)	$	(24,117	)	$	(8,289	)

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes our R&D expenses for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Six months ended June 30,
	2024		2023		Change
Direct program costs:
BBI-355	$	4,993	$	3,895	$	1,098
BBI-825		5,461		2,371		3,090
Other development programs		2,288		2,065		223
Total direct program costs:		12,742		8,331		4,411
Indirect program costs
Personnel-related (including stock compensation)		8,586		6,512		2,074
Outside services and consulting		2,981		2,022		959
Lab and pharmacology supplies		1,249		1,641		(392	)
Facilities-related (including depreciation)		1,417		1,441		(24	)
Other indirect program costs		889		630		259
Total indirect program costs:		15,122		12,246		2,876
Total R&D expenses	$	27,864	$	20,577	$	7,287

R&D expenses were $27.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $20.6 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily due to a $4.4 million increase in the direct program costs for our BBI-355, BBI-825, and other development programs, a $1.3 million increase in personnel-related costs resulting from an increase in headcount and salary increases, $0.7 million of additional stock-based compensation, and a $0.9 million increase in third-party services and other miscellaneous R&D costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

G&A expenses were $8.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $5.5 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in G&A expenses was primarily due to a $0.7 million increase in personnel-related costs due to an increase in headcount and salary increases, $1.2 million of additional stock-based compensation, an increase in professional service fees of $0.4 million, and a $0.6 million increase in other G&A costs.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net was $3.9 million and $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The $2.0 million increase resulted from the additional interest income generated by our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio due to the net proceeds from the sale of our common stock in our IPO in April 2024, as well as the increase in market yields available for such investment securities in comparison to the prior year period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

Through June 30, 2024, we have raised a total of $353.6 million to fund our operations primarily from the gross proceeds from the sale and issuance of our convertible preferred stock and the sale and issuance of 6,250,000 shares of our common stock in our IPO in April 2024 for gross proceeds of $100.0 million.

Future Funding Requirements

As of June 30, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $179.3 million. Based upon our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our operations into the fourth quarter of 2026. However, our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary materially. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could deplete our capital resources sooner than we expect. Additionally, the process of conducting preclinical studies, manufacturing ecDTx, developing our ecDNA diagnostic, and testing ecDTx in clinical trials is costly, and the timing of progress and expenses in these studies and trials is uncertain.

We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and, as of June 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $168.5 million. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we anticipate these losses will increase substantially as we continue our development of, seek regulatory approval for, and potentially commercialize any of our ecDTx and seek to discover, and develop additional ecDTx, conduct our ongoing and planned clinical trials and preclinical studies, continue our research and development activities, utilize third parties to manufacture our ecDTx and related raw materials, seek to develop our ecDNA diagnostic, hire additional personnel, expand and protect our intellectual property, as well as incur additional costs associated with being a public company. If we obtain regulatory approval for any of our ecDTx, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing, and distribution. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending on the timing of our clinical trials and preclinical studies and our other research and development activities and capital expenditures.

Our future capital requirements are difficult to predict and depend on many factors, including but not limited to:

•

the initiation, type, number, scope, progress, expansions, results, costs, and timing of clinical trials and preclinical studies of our ecDTx that we are pursuing or may choose to pursue in the future, including the costs of any third-party products used as combination agents in our combination clinical trials;

•

the costs and timing of manufacturing for our ecDTx, including commercial manufacture at sufficient scale, if any ecDTx is approved;

•

the costs and timing of developing ecDNA diagnostics, if required, and the outcome of their regulatory review;

•

the costs, timing, and outcome of regulatory meetings and reviews of our ecDTx;

•

the costs of obtaining, maintaining, enforcing, and protecting our patents and other intellectual property and proprietary rights;

•

our efforts to enhance operational systems and hire additional personnel to satisfy our obligations as a public company, including enhanced internal control over financial reporting;

•

the costs associated with hiring additional personnel and consultants as our clinical and preclinical activities increase and as we operate as a public company;

•

the costs and timing of establishing or securing sales and marketing capabilities if any ecDTx is approved;

•

our ability to achieve sufficient market acceptance, coverage, and adequate reimbursement from third-party payors and adequate market share and revenue for any approved products;

•

patients’ willingness to pay out-of-pocket for any approved products in the absence of coverage and/or adequate reimbursement from third-party payors;

•

the terms and timing of establishing and maintaining collaborations, licenses, and other similar arrangements;

•

costs associated with any products or technologies that we may in-license or acquire; and

•

the effects of competing technological and market developments as well as disruptions to and volatility in the credit and financial markets.

We have no other committed sources of capital. Until we can generate sufficient product revenue to finance our cash requirements, if ever, we expect to finance our future cash needs primarily through equity offerings, debt financings, or other capital sources, including potential collaborations, licenses, and other similar arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be or could be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through other collaborations or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our future revenue streams, ecDTx, research programs, intellectual property or proprietary technology, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or other arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate our R&D programs or other operations, or grant rights to develop and market ecDTx to third parties that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves, or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for each of the periods indicated:


	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2024			2023			Change
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(32,012	)	$	(22,980	)	$	(9,032	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(50,054	)		(46,355	)		(3,699	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		89,723			99,728			(10,005	)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	7,657		$	30,393		$	(22,736	)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $32.0 million and $23.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to our reported net loss of $32.4 million, net of noncash charges (including stock-based compensation expense, depreciation, and right-of-use asset amortization) totaling $2.6 million and a $2.2 million increase of our net operating assets. The net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily due to our reported net loss of $24.1 million and a $1.2 million increase in our net operating assets, adjusted for noncash charges (including stock-based compensation expense, depreciation) totaling $2.3 million. The increase in cash used in operations during the six months ended June 30, 2024 in comparison to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to higher personnel-related costs and an increase in third-party spending associated with our discovery, development, and clinical activities.

Investing Activities

Investing activities consist primarily of the cash flows of purchases and maturities of investment securities and the cash outflow associated with purchases of property and equipment. Such activities resulted in a net outflow of funds of approximately $50.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from the net purchases of our available-for-sale securities portfolio, and a net outflow of funds of $46.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily from net maturities of available-for-sale securities portfolio.

Financing Activities

Our financing activities consist of the proceeds from sales of common and preferred stock and, to a lesser extent, the exercise of common stock options by our employees and consultants. Net cash provided by financing activities was $89.7 million and $99.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in cash provided by financing activities for the first six months of 2024 was primarily due to the net proceeds from our IPO. The increase in cash provided by financing activities for the first six months of 2023 was primarily the result of the net proceeds from the sale of our Series C convertible preferred stock.

Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments

We lease office and lab space under lease agreements with varying expiration dates through 2034. As of June 30, 2024, total future aggregate operating lease commitments was $72.8 million. During the normal course of our business, we enter into contracts for research

and professional services, and for the purchase of lab supplies used in our research activities. These contracts generally provide for termination after a notice period, and, therefore, are cancelable contracts and not separately presented.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since our inception, we have not had, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined under rules and regulations of the SEC.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates and Judgments

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to accrued expenses and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from those described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates and Judgments” included in the Prospectus, except that from the effectiveness date of our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-277696), we have a publicly traded stock price and no longer require common stock valuations.

Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status

As an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the JOBS Act), we can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This period allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates. We also intend to rely on other exemptions provided by the JOBS Act, including without limitation, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of Sarbanes-Oxley.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the consummation of our IPO; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion; (iii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700.0 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such year; or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

We are also a smaller reporting company as defined in the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) and in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation and supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of

1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Due to a transition period established by SEC rules applicable to newly public companies, our management is not required to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2025. As a result, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q does not address whether there have been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are not currently a party to any material proceedings. From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. Regardless of outcome, such proceedings or claims can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of resources, negative publicity, reputational harm, and other factors and there can be no assurances that favorable outcomes will be obtained.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

(a)

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

None.

(b)

Use of Proceeds.

On March 27, 2024, our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-277696) was declared effective by the SEC for our IPO. At the closing of the IPO on April 2, 2024, we sold 6,250,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $16.00 per share and received gross proceeds of $100.0 million, which resulted in net proceeds to us of approximately $87.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7.0 million and other offering expenses of approximately $5.3 million. None of the expenses associated with the IPO were paid to directors, officers, persons owning 10% or more of any class of equity securities, or to their associates, or to our affiliates. Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Leerink Partners LLC, Piper Sandler & Co., and Guggenheim Securities LLC acted as joint book-running managers for the offering.

There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from the IPO from that described in the Prospectus.

(c)

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

From time to time, our officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) and directors may enter into Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as each such term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K). During the three months ended June 30, 2024, our officers or directors adopted, modified, or terminated such trading arrangements as set forth below.


	Action	Date	Trading Arrangement
	Action	Date	Rule 10b5-1*	Non-Rule 10b5‑1**	Total Shares Subject to Plan	Expiration Date
Jami Rubin, Chief Financial Officer	Adopt	May 23, 2024	X		9,000	April 29, 2025(1)
	Adopt	May 24, 2024	X		32,537	May 21, 2025(1)

      Neil Abdollahian,
Chief Business Officer

       
Jessica Oien,
Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary

Adopt

May 24, 2023

X

35,000

May 23, 2025(1)

       
Klaus Wagner, M.D., Ph.D.,
Chief Medical Officer

Adopt

May 24, 2024

X

68,000

April 30, 2025(1)

       
Chris Hassig, Ph.D.,
Chief Scientific Officer

Adopt

May 26, 2024

X

54,820

September 30, 2025(1)

      ____________________
* Intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c)
** Not intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c)
(1)This trading plan may expire earlier if all transactions under the trading plan are completed before the scheduled expiration date.

     

Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit		Incorporated by Reference			Filed
Number	Description	Form	Date	Number	Herewith
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation	8-K	4/2/24	3.1
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws	8-K	4/2/24	3.2
4.1	Specimen stock certificate evidencing the shares of common stock	S-1/A	3/21/24	4.1
4.2	Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated April 5, 2023, by and among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders	S-1	3/6/24	4.2
10.1#	Non-Employee Director Compensation Program (as amended and restated effective June 20, 2024)				X
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.				X
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.				X
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.				X
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.				X
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents				X
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)				X

# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

* These certifications are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	Boundless Bio, Inc.

Date: August 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Zachary D. Hornby
		Zachary D. Hornby
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: August 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Jami Rubin
		Jami Rubin
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 10.1

Boundless Bio, Inc.

Non-Employee Director Compensation Program

(As Amended and Restated Effective June 20, 2024)

Non-employee members of the board of directors (the “Board”) of Boundless Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) shall receive cash and equity compensation as set forth in this Non-Employee Director Compensation Program (this “Program”). The cash and equity compensation described in this Program shall be paid or be made, as applicable, automatically and without further action of the Board, to each member of the Board who is not an employee of the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company (each, a “Non-Employee Director”) who is entitled to receive such cash or equity compensation, unless such Non-Employee Director declines the receipt of such cash or equity compensation by written notice to the Company and subject to any limits on non-employee director compensation set forth in the Equity Plan (as defined below). This Program shall remain in effect until it is revised or rescinded by further action of the Board. This Program may be amended, modified or terminated by the Board at any time in its sole discretion. The terms and conditions of this Program shall supersede any prior cash and/or equity compensation arrangements for service as a member of the Board between the Company and any of its Non-Employee Directors, except for equity compensation previously granted to a Non-Employee Director.

Cash Compensation

The schedule of annual retainers (the “Annual Retainers”) for the Non-Employee Directors is as follows:


Position	Amount
Base Board Retainer	$40,000
Chair of the Board or Lead Independent Director (in lieu of Base Board Retainer)	$70,000
Chair of Audit Committee	$15,000
Chair of Compensation Committee	$10,000
Chair of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee	$8,000
Member of Audit Committee (non-Chair)	$7,500
Member of Compensation Committee (non-Chair)	$5,000


Position	Amount
Member of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (non-Chair)	$4,000

For the avoidance of doubt, the Annual Retainers in the table above are additive and a Non-Employee Director shall be eligible to earn an Annual Retainer for each position in which he or she serves; provided that a retainer paid to the Chair of the Board or the Lead Independent Director shall be in lieu of the Base Board Retainer. The Annual Retainers shall be earned on a quarterly basis based on a calendar quarter and shall be paid in cash by the Company in arrears not later than the fifteenth day following the end of each calendar quarter. In the event a Non-Employee Director does not serve as a Non-Employee Director, or in the applicable position, for an entire calendar quarter, the Annual Retainer paid to such Non-Employee Director shall be prorated for the portion of such calendar quarter actually served as a Non-Employee Director, or in such position, as applicable. The Board may adopt a program that allows Non-Employee Directors to defer Annual Retainers.

Equity Compensation

Each Non-Employee Director shall be granted the equity awards described below, which equity awards shall be granted under and subject to the terms and provisions of the Company’s 2024 Incentive Award Plan or any other applicable Company equity incentive plan then-maintained by the Company (the “Equity Plan”), and shall be subject to an equity award agreement in substantially the form previously approved by the Board for use under the Equity Plan. All applicable terms of the Equity Plan apply to this Program as if fully set forth herein, and all grants of equity awards hereby are subject in all respects to the terms of the Equity Plan and the applicable equity award agreement.

A. Initial Awards. Each Non-Employee Director who is initially elected or appointed to the Board shall be automatically granted stock options to purchase 27,000 shares of the Company’s common stock under the Equity Plan on the date of such initial election or appointment. The awards described in this Section shall be referred to as “Initial Awards.”

B. Annual Awards. A Non-Employee Director who (i) is serving on the Board as of the date of any annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders , and (ii) will continue to serve as a Non-Employee Director immediately following such meeting, shall be automatically granted stock options to purchase 13,500 shares of the Company’s common stock under the Equity Plan on the date of such annual meeting. In addition, any Non-Employee Director who is serving as Chairperson of the Board shall be automatically granted additional stock options to purchase 6,750 shares of the Company’s Common stock under the Equity Plan on the date of such annual meeting, for a total award to the Chairperson of 20,250 shares. The awards described in this Section shall be referred to as “Annual Awards.” For the avoidance of doubt, a Non-Employee Director elected for the first time to the Board at an annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders shall only receive an Initial Award in connection with such election, and shall not receive any Annual Award on the date of such meeting as well. In addition, in the event of an adjournment or postponement

of any annual meeting following the time such meeting commences, the date of the annual meeting for purposes of this clause (B) shall be the date on which the business to be conducted at the annual meeting is concluded.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Non-Employee Director shall have served as a Non-Employee Director for at least (6) months as of the date of any annual meeting to receive an Annual Award, unless otherwise determined by the Board; in which case, the Board may determine to grant such Non-Employee Director an Annual Award or a Prorated Annual Award (as defined below). “Prorated Annual Award” means the product determined by multiplying (i) the Annual Award, by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is equal to (x) 365 minus (y) the number of days that elapsed from the date of the annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders preceding the Non-Employee Director’s date of initial election or appointment to the date of such initial election or appointment, and the denominator of which is 365.

C. Terms of Awards Granted to Non-Employee Directors.

1. Vesting. Each Initial Award shall vest and become exercisable in substantially equal monthly installments over the three (3) years beginning on the date of the Non-Employee Director’s election or appointment to the Board, subject to the Non-Employee Director continuing in service on the Board through each such vesting date. Each Annual Award shall vest and/or become exercisable in substantially equal monthly installments over the twelve (12) months following the date of grant of such Annual Award (or, in the event the next annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders occurs prior to the first anniversary of the date of grant of such Annual Award, any remaining unvested portion of the Annual Award will vest on the date of such annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders), subject to the Non-Employee Director continuing in service on the Board through such vesting date.

2. Forfeiture. Unless the Board otherwise determines or as otherwise provided in this clause (2), any portion of an Initial Award or Annual Award which is unvested at the time of a Non-Employee Director’s termination of service on the Board as a Non-Employee Director shall be immediately forfeited upon such termination of service and shall not thereafter become vested. All of a Non-Employee Director’s Initial Awards and Annual Awards shall vest in full upon a Non-Employee Director’s Termination of Service by reason of death or Disability and immediately prior to the occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the Equity Plan), to the extent outstanding at such time.

3. Reimbursements. The Company shall reimburse each Non-Employee Director for all reasonable, documented, out-of-pocket travel and other business expenses incurred by such Non-Employee Director in the performance of his or her duties to the Company in accordance with the Company’s applicable expense reimbursement policies and procedures as in effect from time to time.

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Zachary D. Hornby, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Boundless Bio, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(Paragraph omitted pursuant to SEC Release Nos. 33-8238/34-47986 and 33-8392/34-49313);

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: August 12, 2024		/s/ Zachary D. Hornby
		Zachary D. Hornby
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jami Rubin, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Boundless Bio, Inc.;

(Paragraph omitted pursuant to SEC Release Nos. 33-8238/34-47986 and 33-8392/34-49313);

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: August 12, 2024		/s/ Jami Rubin
		Jami Rubin
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Boundless Bio, Inc. (the Company) for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), Zachary D. Hornby, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Jami Rubin, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to his or her knowledge, that:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date: August 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Zachary D. Hornby
		Zachary D. Hornby
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: August 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Jami Rubin
		Jami Rubin
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

The foregoing certifications are being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and are not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Jun. 30, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001782303
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2024
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Registrant Name	BOUNDLESS BIO, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity File Number	001-41989
Entity Tax Identification Number	83-0751369
Entity Address, Address Line One	9880 Campus Point Drive
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 120
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92121
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
City Area Code	(858)
Local Phone Number	766-9912
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	BOLD
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		22,254,537
Document Transition Report	false
Document Quarterly Report	true

Condensed Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 31,363	$ 23,706
Short-term investments	147,927	97,046
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,842	3,452
Total current assets	183,132	124,204
Property and equipment, net	3,739	2,573
Right-of-use asset, net	754	2,002
Restricted cash	560	560
Other assets	18	555
Total assets	188,203	129,894
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	6,066	4,266
Accrued compensation	2,054	2,898
Lease liabilities, current portion	837	2,195
Total current liabilities	8,957	9,359
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 8)
Convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares authorized, issued, or outstanding as of June 30, 2024; 287,446,844 shares authorized, issued, and outstanding as of December 31, 2023; liquidation preference of $252.1 million as of December 31, 2023	0	247,617
Stockholders' equity / (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 70,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024; no shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 700,000,000 shares authorized, 22,254,537 shares issued, and 22,254,102 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2024; 402,600,000 shares authorized, 1,248,493 shares issued, and 1,247,012 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023	2	0
Additional paid-in-capital	347,823	8,987
Accumulated other comprehensive income / (loss)	(64)	40
Accumulated deficit	(168,515)	(136,109)
Total stockholders' equity / (deficit)	179,246	(127,082)
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and stockholders' equity / (deficit)	$ 188,203	$ 129,894

Condensed Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Convertible preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, liquidation preference		$ 252.1
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	287,446,844
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	287,446,844
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	287,446,844
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	70,000,000	0
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	700,000,000	402,600,000
Common stock shares issued	22,254,537	1,248,493
Common stock, shares outstanding	22,254,102	1,247,012

Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Operating Expenses:
Research and development	$ 14,735	$ 11,075	$ 27,864	$ 20,577
General and administrative	4,656	2,885	8,410	5,470
Total operating expenses	19,391	13,960	36,274	26,047
Loss from operations	(19,391)	(13,960)	(36,274)	(26,047)
Other income, net:
Interest income	2,382	1,551	3,803	1,914
Other income, net	33	11	65	16
Total other income, net	2,415	1,562	3,868	1,930
Net loss	(16,976)	(12,398)	(32,406)	(24,117)
Comprehensive loss:
Net Income (Loss)	(16,976)	(12,398)	(32,406)	(24,117)
Unrealized gain/(loss) on short-term investments	(43)	(20)	(104)	258
Comprehensive loss	$ (17,019)	$ (12,418)	$ (32,510)	$ (23,859)
Net loss per share - basic	$ (0.77)	$ (10.28)	$ (2.78)	$ (20.18)
Net loss per share - diluted	$ (0.77)	$ (10.28)	$ (2.78)	$ (20.18)
Shares used in calculation, basic	22,023	1,206	11,641	1,195
Shares used in calculation, diluted	22,023	1,206	11,641	1,195

Condensed Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity/(Deficit) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Convertible Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional paid-in-capital	Accumulated other comprehensive income/ (loss)	Accumulated deficit
Beginning balance, convertible preferred stock, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		144,589,706
Beginning balance, convertible preferred stock at Dec. 31, 2022		$ 147,946
Beginning balance, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			1,167,240
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (81,696)			$ 5,377	$ (398)	$ (86,675)
Vesting of early exercised stock options, (in shares)			17,505
Vesting of early exercised stock options, value	52			52
Exercise of stock options Value	31			31
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			9,195
Stock-based compensation	615			615
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments	278				278
Net loss	(11,719)					(11,719)
Ending balance, (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023			1,193,940
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	(92,439)			6,075	(120)	(98,394)
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock, (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		144,589,706
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock at Mar. 31, 2023		$ 147,946
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, net of $329 in issuance costs (in shares)		142,857,138
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, net of $329 in issuance costs		$ 99,671
Vesting of early exercised stock options, (in shares)			12,164
Vesting of early exercised stock options, value	36			36
Exercise of stock options Value	26			26
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			7,209
Stock-based compensation	927			927
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments	(20)				(20)
Net loss	(12,398)					(12,398)
Ending balance, (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023			1,213,313
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ (103,868)			7,064	(140)	(110,792)
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock, (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		287,446,844
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock at Jun. 30, 2023		$ 247,617
Beginning balance, convertible preferred stock, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	287,446,844	287,446,844
Beginning balance, convertible preferred stock at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 247,617	$ 247,617
Beginning balance, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023			1,247,012
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	(127,082)			8,987	40	(136,109)
Vesting of early exercised stock options, (in shares)			522
Vesting of early exercised stock options, value	2			2
Exercise of stock options Value	59			59
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			15,104
Stock-based compensation	1,328			1,328
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments	(61)				(61)
Net loss	(15,430)					(15,430)
Ending balance, (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024			1,262,638
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ (141,184)			10,376	(21)	(151,539)
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock, (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		287,446,844
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock at Mar. 31, 2024		$ 247,617
Beginning balance, convertible preferred stock, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	287,446,844	287,446,844
Beginning balance, convertible preferred stock at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 247,617	$ 247,617
Beginning balance, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023			1,247,012
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ (127,082)			8,987	40	(136,109)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	15,211
Ending balance, (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024			22,254,102
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 179,246		$ 2	347,823	(64)	(168,515)
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock, (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024	0
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 0
Beginning balance, convertible preferred stock, (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		287,446,844
Beginning balance, convertible preferred stock at Mar. 31, 2024		$ 247,617
Beginning balance, (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024			1,262,638
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2024	(141,184)			10,376	(21)	(151,539)
Conversion of convertible preferred stock into common stock upon initial public offering, (in shares)		(287,446,844)
Conversion of convertible preferred stock into common stock upon initial public offering, value		$ (247,617)
Issuance of common stock in initial public offering, net of $12,305 in discounts and offering costs, (in shares)			6,250,000
Issuance of common stock in initial public offering, net of $12,305 in discounts and offering costs, value	87,695		$ 1	87,694
Conversion of convertible preferred stock into common stock upon initial public offering, (in shares)			14,740,840
Conversion of convertible preferred stock into common stock upon initial public offering, value	247,617		$ 1	247,616
Vesting of early exercised stock options, (in shares)			524
Vesting of early exercised stock options, value	2			2
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			100
Stock-based compensation	2,135			2,135
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments	(43)				(43)
Net loss	(16,976)					(16,976)
Ending balance, (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024			22,254,102
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 179,246		$ 2	$ 347,823	$ (64)	$ (168,515)
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock, (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024	0
Ending balance, convertible preferred stock at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 0

Condensed Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity/(Deficit) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Issuance of common stock, net discounts and offering costs	$ 12,305
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Net of issuance costs		$ 329

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (32,406)	$ (24,117)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	3,463	1,542
Depreciation	528	475
Accretion of investments, net	(2,676)	(813)
Non-cash lease expense	1,249	1,071
Other		25
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(1,849)	(348)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	1,037	259
Operating lease liabilities	(1,358)	(1,074)
Net cash used in operating activities	(32,012)	(22,980)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of investments	(124,652)	(97,387)
Maturities of investments	76,185	51,246
Purchases of property and equipment	(1,587)	(214)
Net cash used in investing activities	(50,054)	(46,355)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock from initial public offering, net of discounts	93,000
Payments of common stock offering costs	(3,336)
Proceeds from the issuance of convertible preferred stock		100,000
Convertible preferred stock issuance costs		(329)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	59	57
Net cash provided by financing activities	89,723	99,728
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	7,657	30,393
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	24,266	11,484
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	31,923	41,877
Components of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	31,363	41,317
Restricted Cash	560	560
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	31,923	41,877
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Change in unpaid common stock issuance costs	(183)
Addition to ROU assets		282
Increase to ROU assets due to remeasurement of lease obligation		1,125
Vesting of early exercised stock options	4	88
Unpaid property and equipment purchases	$ 107	$ 100

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (16,976)	$ (12,398)	$ (32,406)	$ (24,117)

Insider Trading Arrangements

3 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements


	Action	Date	Trading Arrangement
	Action	Date	Rule 10b5-1*	Non-Rule 10b5‑1**	Total Shares Subject to Plan	Expiration Date
Jami Rubin, Chief Financial Officer	Adopt	May 23, 2024	X		9,000	April 29, 2025(1)
	Adopt	May 24, 2024	X		32,537	May 21, 2025(1)

      Neil Abdollahian,
Chief Business Officer

       
Jessica Oien,
Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary

Adopt

May 24, 2023

X

35,000

May 23, 2025(1)

       
Klaus Wagner, M.D., Ph.D.,
Chief Medical Officer

Adopt

May 24, 2024

X

68,000

April 30, 2025(1)

       
Chris Hassig, Ph.D.,
Chief Scientific Officer

Adopt

May 26, 2024

X

54,820

September 30, 2025(1)

      ____________________
* Intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c)
** Not intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c)
(1)This trading plan may expire earlier if all transactions under the trading plan are completed before the scheduled expiration date.

     

Jami Rubin

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Jami Rubin

Title

Chief Financial Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

May 23, 2024

April 29, 2025

9,000

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Neil Abdollahian

Title

Chief Business Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

May 24, 2024

May 21, 2025

32,537

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Jessica Oien

Title

Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

May 24, 2023

May 23, 2025

35,000

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Klaus Wagner, M.D., Ph.D

Title

Chief Medical Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

May 24, 2024

April 30, 2025

68,000

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Chris Hassig, Ph.D

Title

Chief Scientific Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

Adoption Date

May 26, 2024

Expiration Date

September 30, 2025

Aggregate Available

54,820

Organization and Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Initial Public Offering

Reverse Stock Split

Liquidity

Basis of Presentation

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	6 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Information The condensed balance sheet as of June 30, 2024, the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the condensed statements of convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity / (deficit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and the condensed statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. These unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim period presented. The financial data and the other financial information contained in these notes to the condensed financial statements related to the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are also unaudited. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024 or for any other future annual or interim period. The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements included in the Company’s prospectus (the Prospectus) dated March 27, 2024 related to its IPO filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with the SEC on March 28, 2024. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may materially differ from these estimates and assumptions. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, primarily related to stock-based compensation, the fair value of its investments and common stock, and accrued research and development costs. These estimates are based on historical data and experience, as well as various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company’s estimates relating to the valuation of stock options require the selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and models, and significant judgment in evaluating ranges of assumptions and financial inputs. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking and money market accounts. The balance reflected in these financial statements as restricted cash represents a deposit account pledged as collateral to secure a standby letter of credit required as a security deposit on one of the Company’s leased facilities. The Company has classified the restricted cash as a noncurrent asset on its balance sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to the concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and investments. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions which exceeded federally insured limits by $2.9 million as of June 30, 2024. Management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held. The Company’s investment policy includes guidelines for the quality of the related institutions and financial instruments and defines allowable investments that the Company may invest in, which the Company believes minimizes its exposure to concentration of credit risk. Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable: Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2—Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments are carried at fair value, determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above. The carrying values of the Company’s prepaid expenses, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. None of the Company’s non-financial assets or liabilities are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Deferred Offering Costs and Common Stock Issuance Costs The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional, accounting, and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings as deferred offering costs until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded in stockholders’ equity (deficit) as a reduction of proceeds generated as a result of the offering. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were $0 and $2.2 million of deferred offering costs, respectively. At the closing of the IPO, the amounts recorded in deferred offering costs were reclassified to additional paid-in capital within stockholders' equity. Segments Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment. Convertible Preferred Stock The Company’s convertible preferred stock is classified as temporary equity in the accompanying balance sheets and excluded from stockholders’ equity / (deficit) as the potential redemption of such stock is outside the Company’s control and would require the redemption of the then-outstanding convertible preferred stock. The convertible preferred stock is not redeemable except for in the event of a liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company. Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of convertible preferred stock are recorded as a reduction of gross proceeds from issuance. The Company does not accrete the carrying values of the preferred stock to the redemption values since the occurrence of these events was not considered probable as of December 31, 2023. Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO on April 2, 2024, the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 14,740,840 shares of common stock. Following the closing of the IPO, no shares of convertible preferred stock were authorized or outstanding. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include its convertible preferred stock, options to purchase common stock, and common stock subject to repurchase related to unvested restricted stock and options early exercised, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements As of June 30, 2024, several new accounting pronouncements had been issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board with future adoption dates. All applicable accounting pronouncements will be adopted by the Company by the date required. Management is reviewing the impact of adoption of all pending accounting pronouncements but is not yet in a position to determine the impact on the Company’s financial statements and the notes thereto.

Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their respective input levels based on the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):


			Fair Value Measurements Using
As of June 30, 2024 (in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Money market funds (1)	$	28,130	$	28,130	$	—	$	—
U.S. government obligations (2)		139,126		—		139,126		—
Corporate debt securities (2)		8,801		—		8,801		—
Total fair value of assets	$	176,057	$	28,130	$	147,927	$	—

(1)

Included in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheets.

(2)

Included in short-term investments on the balance sheets.


			Fair Value Measurements Using
As of December 31, 2023 (in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Money market funds (1)	$	21,737	$	21,737	$	—	$	—
U.S. government obligations (2)		92,143		—		92,143		—
Corporate debt securities (2)		4,903		—		4,903		—
Total fair value of assets	$	118,783	$	21,737	$	97,046	$	—

(1)

Included in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheets.

(2)

Included in short-term investments on the balance sheets.

There were no transfers of assets between fair value levels for all periods presented.

Investments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

The following tables summarize investments accounted for as available-for-sale securities (in thousands):


	As of June 30, 2024
	Acquisition Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value
Money market funds	$	28,130	$	—	$	—		$	28,130
U.S. government obligations		139,179		—		(53	)		139,126
Corporate debt securities		8,812		—		(11	)		8,801
Total cash equivalents and investments	$	176,121	$	—	$	(64	)	$	176,057
Classified as:
Cash equivalents								$	28,130
Short-term investments									147,927
Total cash equivalents and investments								$	176,057


	As of December 31, 2023
	Acquisition Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value
Money market funds	$	21,737	$	—	$	—		$	21,737
U.S. government obligations		92,106		58		(21	)		92,143
Corporate debt securities		4,900		5		(2	)		4,903
Total cash equivalents and investments	$	118,743	$	63	$	(23	)	$	118,783
Classified as:
Cash equivalents								$	21,737
Short-term investments									97,046
Total cash equivalents and investments								$	118,783

Property and Equipment

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lab equipment	$	4,334	$	4,264
Computers and software		839		833
Leasehold improvements		1,664		46
Furniture and fixtures		157		157
		6,994		5,300
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		3,255		2,727
	$	3,739	$	2,573

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accounts payable	$	1,686	$	2,222
Accrued research and development costs		3,441		1,575
Other accrued liabilities		939		469
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	6,066	$	4,266

Lease Agreements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Lease Agreements

2022 Lease

2024 Lease

Additionally, as a security deposit under this agreement, the Company is required to maintain a standby letter-of-credit in the amount of $0.5 million, which must remain in place until November 2034.

Operating Leases

Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Contracts

Indemnification Agreements

Litigation

Convertible Preferred Stock

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]

Convertible Preferred Stock

Series A, B, and C Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company issued its convertible preferred stock in a series of transactions as follows:

•

In August 2018, 7,142,857 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were issued for cash at a price of $0.70 per share, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $4.9 million;

•

In June 2019, an additional 26,046,438 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were issued for cash at a price of $0.70 per share, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $18.1 million;

•

In July 2020, an additional 33,189,295 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were issued for cash at a price of $0.70 per share, resulting in aggregate net proceeds of $23.2 million;

•

Common Stock Issued for Conversion of Convertible Preferred Stock

Rights, Preferences, and Privileges of Convertible Preferred Stock

The rights, preferences, and privileges of the previously outstanding convertible preferred stock are detailed in Note 9 of the notes to financial statements included the Prospectus.

Common Stock

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Common Stock

10.

Common Stock

Common Stock Rights

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consisted of the following:


	As of June 30,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Conversion of outstanding convertible preferred stock		—		14,740,840
Common stock options issued and outstanding		4,188,436		2,813,937
Equity awards available for future issuance		2,279,257		861,155
Shares available for purchase under the ESPP		231,919		—
Total		6,699,612		18,415,932

Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation

11.

Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plan

Stock Options

Stock option activity under the Plan and certain other related information is as follows:


	Number			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Term (years)		Aggregate- Intrinsic Value (in 000’s)
Balance as of December 31, 2023		2,813,937		$	4.10		7.8	$	562
Granted		1,393,744		$	11.16
Exercised		(15,211	)	$	3.90
Forfeited and expired		(4,034	)	$	4.05
Balance as of June 30, 2024		4,188,436		$	6.47		8.6	$	166
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2024		4,188,436		$	6.47		8.6	$	166
Exercisable as of June 30, 2024		1,394,504		$	4.55		7.6	$	165

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and development expenses	$	888	$	395	$	1,412	$	667
General and administrative expenses		1,247		532		2,051		875
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,135	$	927	$	3,463	$	1,542

As of June 30, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding time-based options was $21.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years.

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the stock options granted during the following periods were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Expected option life (in years)		6.0			6.0			6.0			6.0
Assumed volatility		91.3	%		91.4	%		94.9	%		91.5	%
Assumed risk-free interest rate		4.3	%		3.9	%		4.2	%		3.9	%
Expected dividend yield		—			—			—			—

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Net Loss Per Common Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Common Share

12.

Net Loss Per Common Share

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share of the Company (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net loss	$	(16,976	)	$	(12,398	)	$	(32,406	)	$	(24,117	)
Weighted-average shares of common stock used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted		22,023			1,206			11,641			1,195
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.77	)	$	(10.28	)	$	(2.78	)	$	(20.18	)


	June 30,
	2024		2023
Conversion of outstanding convertible preferred stock		—		14,740,840
Options to purchase common stock		4,188,436		2,468,816
Options early exercised subject to future vesting		435		2,850
Total		4,188,871		17,212,506

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Information	Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Information The condensed balance sheet as of June 30, 2024, the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the condensed statements of convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity / (deficit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and the condensed statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. These unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim period presented. The financial data and the other financial information contained in these notes to the condensed financial statements related to the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are also unaudited. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024 or for any other future annual or interim period. The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements included in the Company’s prospectus (the Prospectus) dated March 27, 2024 related to its IPO filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with the SEC on March 28, 2024.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may materially differ from these estimates and assumptions. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, primarily related to stock-based compensation, the fair value of its investments and common stock, and accrued research and development costs. These estimates are based on historical data and experience, as well as various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company’s estimates relating to the valuation of stock options require the selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and models, and significant judgment in evaluating ranges of assumptions and financial inputs.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking and money market accounts. The balance reflected in these financial statements as restricted cash represents a deposit account pledged as collateral to secure a standby letter of credit required as a security deposit on one of the Company’s leased facilities. The Company has classified the restricted cash as a noncurrent asset on its balance sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to the concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and investments. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions which exceeded federally insured limits by $2.9 million as of June 30, 2024. Management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held. The Company’s investment policy includes guidelines for the quality of the related institutions and financial instruments and defines allowable investments that the Company may invest in, which the Company believes minimizes its exposure to concentration of credit risk.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable: Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2—Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments are carried at fair value, determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above. The carrying values of the Company’s prepaid expenses, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. None of the Company’s non-financial assets or liabilities are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
Deferred Offering Costs and Common Stock Issuance Costs	Deferred Offering Costs and Common Stock Issuance Costs The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional, accounting, and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings as deferred offering costs until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded in stockholders’ equity (deficit) as a reduction of proceeds generated as a result of the offering. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were $0 and $2.2 million of deferred offering costs, respectively. At the closing of the IPO, the amounts recorded in deferred offering costs were reclassified to additional paid-in capital within stockholders' equity.
Segments	Segments Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.
Convertible Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock The Company’s convertible preferred stock is classified as temporary equity in the accompanying balance sheets and excluded from stockholders’ equity / (deficit) as the potential redemption of such stock is outside the Company’s control and would require the redemption of the then-outstanding convertible preferred stock. The convertible preferred stock is not redeemable except for in the event of a liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company. Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of convertible preferred stock are recorded as a reduction of gross proceeds from issuance. The Company does not accrete the carrying values of the preferred stock to the redemption values since the occurrence of these events was not considered probable as of December 31, 2023. Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO on April 2, 2024, the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 14,740,840 shares of common stock. Following the closing of the IPO, no shares of convertible preferred stock were authorized or outstanding.
Net Loss Per Share	Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include its convertible preferred stock, options to purchase common stock, and common stock subject to repurchase related to unvested restricted stock and options early exercised, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements As of June 30, 2024, several new accounting pronouncements had been issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board with future adoption dates. All applicable accounting pronouncements will be adopted by the Company by the date required. Management is reviewing the impact of adoption of all pending accounting pronouncements but is not yet in a position to determine the impact on the Company’s financial statements and the notes thereto.

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their respective input levels based on the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):


			Fair Value Measurements Using
As of June 30, 2024 (in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Money market funds (1)	$	28,130	$	28,130	$	—	$	—
U.S. government obligations (2)		139,126		—		139,126		—
Corporate debt securities (2)		8,801		—		8,801		—
Total fair value of assets	$	176,057	$	28,130	$	147,927	$	—

(1)

Included in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheets.

(2)

Included in short-term investments on the balance sheets.


			Fair Value Measurements Using
As of December 31, 2023 (in thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Money market funds (1)	$	21,737	$	21,737	$	—	$	—
U.S. government obligations (2)		92,143		—		92,143		—
Corporate debt securities (2)		4,903		—		4,903		—
Total fair value of assets	$	118,783	$	21,737	$	97,046	$	—

(1)

Included in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheets.

(2)

Included in short-term investments on the balance sheets.

Investments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Available-for-Sale Securities

The following tables summarize investments accounted for as available-for-sale securities (in thousands):


	As of June 30, 2024
	Acquisition Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value
Money market funds	$	28,130	$	—	$	—		$	28,130
U.S. government obligations		139,179		—		(53	)		139,126
Corporate debt securities		8,812		—		(11	)		8,801
Total cash equivalents and investments	$	176,121	$	—	$	(64	)	$	176,057
Classified as:
Cash equivalents								$	28,130
Short-term investments									147,927
Total cash equivalents and investments								$	176,057


	As of December 31, 2023
	Acquisition Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value
Money market funds	$	21,737	$	—	$	—		$	21,737
U.S. government obligations		92,106		58		(21	)		92,143
Corporate debt securities		4,900		5		(2	)		4,903
Total cash equivalents and investments	$	118,743	$	63	$	(23	)	$	118,783
Classified as:
Cash equivalents								$	21,737
Short-term investments									97,046
Total cash equivalents and investments								$	118,783

Property and Equipment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lab equipment	$	4,334	$	4,264
Computers and software		839		833
Leasehold improvements		1,664		46
Furniture and fixtures		157		157
		6,994		5,300
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		3,255		2,727
	$	3,739	$	2,573

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accounts payable	$	1,686	$	2,222
Accrued research and development costs		3,441		1,575
Other accrued liabilities		939		469
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	6,066	$	4,266

Common Stock (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consisted of the following:


	As of June 30,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Conversion of outstanding convertible preferred stock		—		14,740,840
Common stock options issued and outstanding		4,188,436		2,813,937
Equity awards available for future issuance		2,279,257		861,155
Shares available for purchase under the ESPP		231,919		—
Total		6,699,612		18,415,932

Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock Option Activity Under the Plan

Stock option activity under the Plan and certain other related information is as follows:


	Number			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Term (years)		Aggregate- Intrinsic Value (in 000’s)
Balance as of December 31, 2023		2,813,937		$	4.10		7.8	$	562
Granted		1,393,744		$	11.16
Exercised		(15,211	)	$	3.90
Forfeited and expired		(4,034	)	$	4.05
Balance as of June 30, 2024		4,188,436		$	6.47		8.6	$	166
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2024		4,188,436		$	6.47		8.6	$	166
Exercisable as of June 30, 2024		1,394,504		$	4.55		7.6	$	165

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and development expenses	$	888	$	395	$	1,412	$	667
General and administrative expenses		1,247		532		2,051		875
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,135	$	927	$	3,463	$	1,542

Schedule of Weighted-average Assumptions Used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model to Determine the Fair Value of the Stock Options Granted

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the stock options granted during the following periods were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Expected option life (in years)		6.0			6.0			6.0			6.0
Assumed volatility		91.3	%		91.4	%		94.9	%		91.5	%
Assumed risk-free interest rate		4.3	%		3.9	%		4.2	%		3.9	%
Expected dividend yield		—			—			—			—

Net Loss Per Common Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share of the Company (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net loss	$	(16,976	)	$	(12,398	)	$	(32,406	)	$	(24,117	)
Weighted-average shares of common stock used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted		22,023			1,206			11,641			1,195
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.77	)	$	(10.28	)	$	(2.78	)	$	(20.18	)

Summary of Dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share


	June 30,
	2024		2023
Conversion of outstanding convertible preferred stock		—		14,740,840
Options to purchase common stock		4,188,436		2,468,816
Options early exercised subject to future vesting		435		2,850
Total		4,188,871		17,212,506

Organization and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 02, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 19, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Line Items]
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code				DE
Net proceeds \| $				$ 93,000
Common stock, shares authorized	700,000,000		700,000,000	700,000,000	402,600,000
Common stock, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	70,000,000		70,000,000	70,000,000	0
Preferred stock, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Reverse stock split, description				On March 19, 2024, the Company effected a one-for-19.5 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock.
Reverse stock split ratio		0.05
Accumulated deficit \| $			$ (168,515)	$ (168,515)	$ (136,109)
Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments \| $			$ 179,300	$ 179,300
Common Stock
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Line Items]
Shares sold			6,250,000
IPO
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Line Items]
Shares sold	6,250,000
Share price \| $ / shares	$ 16
Net proceeds \| $	$ 87,700
Convertible preferred stock converted into common stock	14,740,840

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) Segment	Apr. 02, 2024 shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Increase in federally insured limits	$ 2,900
Deferred offering costs	$ 0		$ 2,200
Number of operating segments \| Segment	1
IPO
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock converted into common stock \| shares		14,740,840

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total fair value of assets	$ 176,057	$ 118,783
Money Market Funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total fair value of assets	28,130	21,737
U.S. Government Obligations
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total fair value of assets	139,126	92,143
Corporate Debt Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total fair value of assets	8,801	4,903
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total fair value of assets	28,130	21,737
Level 1 \| Money Market Funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total fair value of assets	28,130	21,737
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total fair value of assets	147,927	97,046
Level 2 \| U.S. Government Obligations
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total fair value of assets	139,126	92,143
Level 2 \| Corporate Debt Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total fair value of assets	$ 8,801	$ 4,903

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value assets transfer between levels	$ 0	$ 0

Investments - Schedule of Available-for-Sale Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Acquisition Cost	$ 176,121	$ 118,743
Unrealized Gain		63
Unrealized Loss	(64)	(23)
Estimated Fair Value	176,057	118,783
Short-term Investments
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Estimated Fair Value	147,927	97,046
U.S. Government Obligations
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Acquisition Cost	139,179	92,106
Unrealized Gain		58
Unrealized Loss	(53)	(21)
Estimated Fair Value	139,126	92,143
Corporate Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Acquisition Cost	8,812	4,900
Unrealized Gain		5
Unrealized Loss	(11)	(2)
Estimated Fair Value	8,801	4,903
Cash Equivalents
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Estimated Fair Value	28,130	21,737
Money Market Funds
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Acquisition Cost	28,130	21,737
Estimated Fair Value	$ 28,130	$ 21,737

Investments - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) Securities	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) Securities
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Number of available-for-sale securities \| Securities	39	24
Estimated fair value of gross unrealized loss positions \| $	$ 145.5	$ 40.3

Property and Equipment - Summary of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 6,994	$ 5,300
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	3,255	2,727
Property and equipment, net	3,739	2,573
Lab equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	4,334	4,264
Computers and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	839	833
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,664	46
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 157	$ 157

Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 0.3	$ 0.2	$ 0.5	$ 0.5

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities - Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accounts payable	$ 1,686	$ 2,222
Accrued research and development costs	3,441	1,575
Other accrued liabilities	939	469
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 6,066	$ 4,266

Lease Agreements - Additional Information (Details)		6 Months Ended
Lease Agreements - Additional Information (Details)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) ft²	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Net ROU asset		$ 754,000		$ 2,002,000
Standby letter-of-credit		500,000
Upfront payments under lease agreements		800,000
Cash paid for operating leases		1,400,000	$ 1,400,000
2022 Lease
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term					14 days
Net ROU asset		800,000
Lease obligation		800,000
Estimated incremental borrowing rate					8.00%
Future minimum lease payments		800,000
Imputed interest		7,000
2024 Lease
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Area of Square Feet \| ft²	80,000
Tenant improvement allowances	$ 22,000,000
Base lease payments		$ 71,900,000
Right to extend the term		60 months
Other Long-term Assets
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Upfront payments under lease agreements		$ 500,000		$ 500,000

Convertible Preferred Stock - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended				2 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2021	Jul. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Aug. 31, 2018	May 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Apr. 02, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued							0		287,446,844
Convertible preferred stock, par value							$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Aggregate net proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock						$ 100,000
IPO
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares Issued upon Conversion								14,740,840
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued		33,189,295	26,046,438	7,142,857
Convertible preferred stock, par value		$ 0.7	$ 0.7	$ 0.7
Aggregate net proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock		$ 23,200	$ 18,100	$ 4,900
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	78,211,116
Convertible preferred stock, par value	$ 1.35
Aggregate net proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock	$ 105,300
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Temporary Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued					142,857,138
Convertible preferred stock, par value					$ 0.7
Aggregate net proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock					$ 99,700

Common Stock - Additional Information (Details)	6 Months Ended
Common Stock - Additional Information (Details)	Jun. 30, 2024 Vote
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, voting rights	The holder of each outstanding share of common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of common stock.
Number of vote	1

Common Stock - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Details) - shares	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance	6,699,612	18,415,932
Common Stock Options Issued and Outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance	4,188,436	2,813,937
Equity Awards Available for Future Issuance
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance	2,279,257	861,155
Shares Available for Purchase Under the ESPP
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance	231,919
Conversion of Outstanding Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance		14,740,840

Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Apr. 02, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Intrinsic value of options exercised		$ 1,000	$ 4,000	$ 32,000	$ 11,000
Unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding time-based options		$ 21,200,000		$ 21,200,000
Unrecognized compensation cost expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period				2 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted-average grant date per share fair value of options granted		$ 4.55	$ 5.64	$ 11.59	$ 5.64
Common stock reserved for future issuance		6,699,612		6,699,612			18,415,932
Stock-based compensation		$ 2,135,000	$ 927,000	$ 3,463,000	$ 1,542,000
Common stock, shares authorized		700,000,000		700,000,000		700,000,000	402,600,000
ESPP
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding time-based options		$ 800,000		$ 800,000
Unrecognized compensation cost expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period				1 year 3 months 14 days
Offering period	24 months
Purchase period	6 months
Percentage of fair market value of common stock purchase price	85.00%
Common stock reserved for future issuance	231,919
Stock-based compensation		300,000	$ 0	$ 300,000	$ 0
Share-based payment arrangement, withheld on behalf of employees for future purchases		$ 100,000		$ 100,000
Shares issued under ESPP		0	0	0	0
Percentage of outstanding common stock maximum	1.00%
2024 Incentive Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Term of the plan	10 years
Percentage of excise price	100.00%
Number of shares authorized for issuance		2,832,714		2,832,714
Number of shares remained available for grant		2,279,257		2,279,257
Percentage of outstanding common stock maximum	5.00%
2024 Incentive Plan \| Employee Stock Option
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period	10 years
2024 Incentive Plan \| Employee Stock Option \| Minimum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	36 months
2024 Incentive Plan \| Employee Stock Option \| Maximum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	48 months

Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Option Activity Under the Plan (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Beginning balance, Number \| shares	2,813,937
Granted \| shares	1,393,744
Exercise of stock options, shares \| shares	(15,211)
Forfeited and expired \| shares	(4,034)
Ending balance, Number \| shares	4,188,436	2,813,937
Vested and expected to vest \| shares	4,188,436
Exercisable \| shares	1,394,504
Beginning balance, Weighted-Average Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 4.1
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted \| $ / shares	11.16
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised \| $ / shares	3.9
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited and expired \| $ / shares	4.05
Ending balance, Weighted-Average Exercise Price \| $ / shares	6.47	$ 4.1
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Vested and expected to vest \| $ / shares	6.47
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable \| $ / shares	$ 4.55
Weighted-Average Remaining Term (years)	8 years 7 months 6 days	7 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted-Average Remaining Term (years), Vested and expected to vest	8 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted-Average Remaining Term (years), Exercisable	7 years 7 months 6 days
Aggregate-Intrinsic Value \| $	$ 166	$ 562
Aggregate-Intrinsic Value, Vested and expected to vest \| $	166
Aggregate-Intrinsic Value, Exercisable \| $	$ 165

Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 2,135	$ 927	$ 3,463	$ 1,542
Research and Development Expenses
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	888	395	1,412	667
General and Administrative Expenses
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 1,247	$ 532	$ 2,051	$ 875

Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Weighted-average Assumptions Used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model to Determine the Fair Value of the Stock Options Granted (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Expected option life (in years)	6 years	6 years	6 years	6 years
Assumed volatility	91.30%	91.40%	94.90%	91.50%
Assumed risk-free interest rate	4.30%	3.90%	4.20%	3.90%

Net Loss Per Common Share - Summary of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (16,976)	$ (12,398)	$ (32,406)	$ (24,117)
Weighted-average shares of common stock used in computing net loss per share, basic	22,023	1,206	11,641	1,195
Weighted-average shares of common stock used in computing net loss per share, diluted	22,023	1,206	11,641	1,195
Net loss per share - basic	$ (0.77)	$ (10.28)	$ (2.78)	$ (20.18)
Net loss per share - diluted	$ (0.77)	$ (10.28)	$ (2.78)	$ (20.18)

Net Loss Per Common Share - Summary of Dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share	4,188,871	17,212,506
Conversion of Outstanding Convertible Preferred Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share	0	14,740,840
Options to Purchase Common Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share	4,188,436	2,468,816
Options Early Exercised Subject to Future Vesting
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share	435	2,850