implement the ARK Innovation ETF’s investment strategy will significantly influence the market price of the shares of the ARK
Innovation ETF and, consequently, the value of the notes.
• THE PERFORMANCE AND MARKET VALUE OF EACH FUND, PARTICULARLY DURING PERIODS OF MARKET
VOLATILITY, MAY NOT CORRELATE WITH THE NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE AS WELL AS, WITH RESPECT TO THE
VANECK® GOLD MINERS ETF, THE PERFORMANCE OF THAT FUND’S UNDERLYING INDEX —
Because the shares of each Fund are traded on a securities exchange and are subject to market supply and investor demand, the
market value of one share of each Fund may differ from the net asset value per share of that Fund. In addition, the VanEck® Gold
Miners ETF does not fully replicate its Underlying Index (as defined under “The Funds” below) and may hold securities different
from those included in its Underlying Index. Moreover, the performance of the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF will reflect additional
transaction costs and fees that are not included in the calculation of its Underlying Index. All of these factors may lead to a lack of
correlation between the performance of the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF and its Underlying Index. Furthermore, corporate actions
with respect to the equity securities underlying the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF (such as mergers and spin-offs) may impact the
variance between the performances of that Fund and its Underlying Index.
During periods of market volatility, securities underlying each Fund may be unavailable in the secondary market, market
participants may be unable to calculate accurately the net asset value per share of that Fund and the liquidity of that Fund may be
adversely affected. This kind of market volatility may also disrupt the ability of market participants to create and redeem shares of
a Fund. Further, market volatility may adversely affect, sometimes materially, the prices at which market participants are willing to
buy and sell shares of a Fund. As a result, under these circumstances, the market value of shares of a Fund may vary
substantially from the net asset value per share of that Fund. For all of the foregoing reasons, the performance of each Fund may
not correlate with the net asset value per share of that Fund as well as, with respect to the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF, the
performance of its Underlying Index, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the notes in the secondary market
and/or reduce any payment on the notes.
• RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION COMPANIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ARK INNOVATION ETF —
The ARK Innovation ETF’s investment strategy involves exposure to companies that the investment adviser believes are
capitalizing on disruptive innovation and developing technologies to displace older technologies or create new markets (“disruptive
innovation companies”). However, the companies selected by the investment adviser may not in fact do so. Companies that
initially develop a novel technology may not be able to capitalize on the technology. Companies that develop disruptive
technologies may face political or legal attacks from competitors, industry groups or local and national governments. These
companies may also be exposed to risks applicable to sectors other than the disruptive innovation theme for which they are
chosen, and the securities issued by these companies may underperform the securities of other companies that are primarily
focused on a particular theme. The ARK Innovation ETF may invest in companies that do not currently derive any revenue from
disruptive innovations or technologies, and there is no assurance that any company will derive any revenue from disruptive
innovations or technologies in the future. A disruptive innovation or technology may constitute a small portion of any company’s
overall business. As a result, the success of a disruptive innovation or technology may not affect the value of the equity securities
issued by that company.
• THE NOTES ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS RELATING TO CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND RELATED INVESTMENTS WITH
RESPECT TO THE ARK INNOVATION ETF —
The ARK Innovation ETF may have exposure to cryptocurrencies, such as bitcoin, indirectly through investment funds, including
through an investment in the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (“GBTC”), a privately offered, open-end investment vehicle. Cryptocurrencies
are digital assets designed to act as a medium of exchange and do not represent legal tender. Cryptocurrency generally operates
without central authority or banks and is not backed by any government. Cryptocurrencies are susceptible to theft, loss,
destruction and fraud. Cryptocurrency is an emerging asset class, and regulation in the United States is still developing, including
with respect to market integrity, anti-fraud, anti-manipulation, cybersecurity, surveillance and anti-money laundering. Federal, state
and/or foreign governments may restrict the use and exchange of cryptocurrencies. The market prices of bitcoin and other
cryptocurrencies have been subject to extreme fluctuations. Even when held indirectly, investment vehicles like GBTC may be
affected by the high volatility associated with cryptocurrency exposure. Holding a privately offered investment vehicle in its
portfolio may cause the ARK Innovation ETF to trade at a discount to its net asset value. If cryptocurrency markets continue to be
subject to sharp fluctuations, the ARK Innovation ETF and the notes may be adversely affected. In addition, the share prices of
GBTC and other similar investment vehicles that are not listed on a national securities exchange may be more volatile than listed
securities because there is generally less liquidity in these securities and there may be less publicly available information about
them or their issuers. Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues on which cryptocurrencies trade are relatively new and,
in most cases, largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed to fraud and failure than established, regulated exchanges
for securities, derivatives and other currencies. Cryptocurrency exchanges may stop operating or permanently shut down due to