Pure Energy Minerals Limited (TSX-V:PE) (FRANKFURT:A111EG)
(OTCQB:PEMIF) (the “Company” or “Pure Energy”) is pleased to
announce the results of a Preliminary Economic Assessment (“PEA”)
for the production of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (“lithium
hydroxide” or “LiOH∙H2O”) from its Clayton Valley Project (the
“Project”) located in Esmeralda County, Nevada. The PEA was
prepared jointly by an expert consulting group comprised of Tenova
(“Tenova”), Montgomery & Associates (“Montgomery”), SRK
Consulting (“SRK”), and Andeburg Consulting Services Inc. (“ACSI”).
A graph accompanying this announcement is
available
at http://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/baf904f0-26d7-4b17-bd5f-229c344d204d
Preliminary Economic Assessment Highlights (All Currency
in US $)
The PEA forecasts average annual production of approximately
10,300 tonnes (“t”) of lithium hydroxide or 9,100 t lithium
carbonate equivalent (“LCE”), using more efficient and sustainable
new technologies that do not require evaporation ponds. Over its
expected 20-year life, the proposed project has an estimated Net
Present Value (“NPV”) of $264 million (after tax at 8% discount
rate) and an estimated Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”) of 21%
(after tax). The study projects an estimated average “steady-state”
operating cost of $3,217 per tonne of lithium hydroxide monohydrate
and product sale pricing ranging between $9,000 and $16,500 per
tonne. Having these attractive margins and an estimated initial
capital cost of $297 million, the project achieves pay-back in just
over 4 years, even allowing for a ramp-up of more than one year.
Some of the key economic parameters are summarized in the first
table and chart below.
The PEA incorporates Tenova Advanced Technologies’ (“TAT”),
formerly Tenova Bateman Technologies, proprietary lithium recovery
flow sheet (the “Process”) that is anticipated to provide improved
operating benefits and flexibility while maintaining a balance
between production and expense. Based on the mini-pilot plant and
subsequent engineering studies, the Process achieves estimated
lithium recoveries of greater than 91%. Traditional lithium brine
processing using evaporation ponds typically struggles to achieve
50% lithium recovery.
The PEA also includes an updated drainable mineral resource
estimate, which estimate includes approximately 247,000 tonnes of
LiOH∙H2O (218,000 tonnes of LCE) in the inferred category.
Patrick Highsmith, Chief Executive Officer of Pure Energy,
commented, “We are very pleased that this PEA demonstrates the
attractive potential for a new low-cost lithium producer in Nevada.
The potential reduction in operating costs for lithium hydroxide
through the innovative application of cleaner, more efficient
technology is exciting. As outlined in the PEA, the Clayton Valley
Project is expected to nearly double lithium recoveries when
compared to conventional operations while at the same time
returning in an environmentally responsible manner more than 90% of
the brine to the basin after lithium recovery. The development and
completion of the PEA and its flowsheet is the result of excellent
collaboration among TAT, its partner GE Water and Process
Technologies, and our team of independent engineers. The engineers
recommend moving forward as soon as possible with pilot plant
testing, so planning and design work is already underway toward
that objective.”
Walter Weinig, Pure Energy’s Vice President of Projects and
Permitting, added, “The results of the PEA indicate an achievable
path and timeline to move the Clayton Valley Project through a
feasibility study, including construction and operation of a robust
pilot plant. The new resource model also demonstrates an improved
3D understanding of the aquifer system and opportunities for growth
at depth and on the newly acquired Lithium X properties to the west
and north.”
Key Economic Indicators (Currency in US
Dollars) |
|
NPV (after tax, 8%) |
$264.1 million |
IRR (after tax) |
21 |
% |
Average Annual Production (lithium hydroxide) |
10,300 tonnes |
Average Annual Production (LCE) |
9,100 tonnes |
Mine Life |
20 years |
Production Royalties (% of gross revenues) |
3.0 |
% |
Steady-state annual EBITDA* (nameplate production) |
$100 million |
Payback Period (from commencement of production) |
4.4 years |
* - EBITDA is a non-IFRS earnings measure which does not have
any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not
be comparable to EBITDA presented by other companies. EBITDA
represents earnings before interest expense, income taxes,
depreciation and amortization. Investors are cautioned that this
non-IFRS financial measure should not be construed as an
alternative to other measures of financial performance calculated
in accordance with IFRS.
The economic analysis in the PEA is based upon following
assumptions:
- 100% equity financing
- Production ramp-up over approximately 15 months, reaching full
production by the end of Year 2- 4,100 tonnes LiOH∙H2O in
2021- 10,800 tonnes LiOH∙H2O in 2022- 11,400 tonnes
LiOH∙H2O in 2023
- Construction on the Project commencing in 2019
- Effective tax rate of approximately 20 percent
The economic analysis is based upon inferred drainable
mineral resources only. Mineral resources that are
not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability. This PEA is preliminary in nature and includes
inferred mineral resources that are considered too speculative
geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them
that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves. There
is no certainty that the Project envisioned by this PEA will be
realized.
Capital Costs
The total direct capital costs of the Project are estimated to
be $159 million, not including indirect costs, owner’s costs
and contingency, in 2017 dollars. The total installed cost of the
project is estimated to be $297 million. All costs and
revenues in the economic model are calculated on a constant US
dollar basis. Contingency costs are comprised of 30% of the
direct and indirect costs. The capital cost estimate has an
estimated accuracy of +35%/-30%.
Description of Capital Costs |
US $ |
Basin Activities |
$ 29 M |
Plant Facilities & Equipment |
$ 100 M |
Infrastructure & Utilities |
$ 30 M |
Direct Costs |
$ 159 M |
Indirect Costs* |
$ 34 M |
Contingency |
$ 56 M |
Owner’s and Other Costs** |
$ 48 M |
Total Initial Capital Costs |
$ 297 M |
Sustaining Capital Costs (LoM) |
$ 62 M |
* - Indirect Costs are those costs that cannot be directly
attributed to the construction of the physical facilities but are
required to support the construction effort. Items included in this
category include, but are not limited to: spare parts, freight,
EPCM services and start-up services.
** Owner's Costs encompass all those costs specifically
attributable to the Owner that are not included elsewhere in the
estimate. Typical items included in this category include, but are
not limited to: land ownership costs, feasibility study costs,
legal fees, permitting costs and fees, Owner project support staff,
specialist consultants, and operations organization establishment
(including training, etc). Other Costs include initial purchase and
charging of the plant with the proprietary solvent.
The capital cost estimate is based upon the direct production of
lithium hydroxide monohydrate and therefore eliminates the need for
any intermediate production of lithium carbonate.
It should be noted that the lithium content of the Clayton
Valley brines is significantly lower than that produced in the
operating lithium brine mines of South America. This lower feed
concentration has an understandable impact on capital costs.
However, Clayton Valley brines also have very favorable chemistry
compared to other productive lithium brines. The content of
divalent cations such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and
strontium (Sr) is low relative to the lithium content. High
concentrations of these elements can negatively impact lithium
recovery and processing costs. The Process flowsheet is designed
for these chemical parameters, and the process plant represents
over 60% of the initial Direct Capital Costs.
Operating Costs
The direct steady state operating costs of the Project are
estimated to be $3,217 /t of LiOH∙H2O in 2017 dollars. This
corresponds to $3,652 /t on an LCE basis.
Description of Steady State Operating Costs
(Currency in US Dollars) |
Unit CostLiOH∙H2O |
Unit CostLCE |
% of Total |
Labor |
$ 427 /t |
$ 485 /t |
14 |
|
Power |
$ 394 /t |
$ 447 /t |
12 |
|
Operating Supplies & Services |
$ 2,227 /t |
$ 2,528 /t |
69 |
|
Maintenance Supplies |
$ 169 /t |
$ 192 /t |
5 |
|
Total |
$ 3,217 /t |
$ 3,652 /t |
100 |
% |
Lithium Markets and Price
The Company has conducted extensive research and analysis based
on both public and private materials, including industry studies,
reports, forecasts and estimates, as well as a market assessment
and distribution strategy study commissioned by the Company and
prepared by Benchmark Mineral Intelligence Ltd. (“Benchmark”). This
study, titled “Lithium Hydroxide Market Forecast Report” (the
“Market Study”) included both primary and secondary research and
focused on market analysis, supply and demand capacity and pricing
trends, economic forecasting and modeling, and developed a
framework for domestic and international distribution of lithium
hydroxide and other lithium products.
Based on the Market Study and the Company’s research and
analysis, rapidly growing lithium demand is forecasted. In 2016,
global production of lithium hydroxide was only 39,000 tonnes, but
Benchmark projects lithium hydroxide demand to exceed 150,000
tonnes by 2025. Lubricants and grease were the primary drivers of
lithium hydroxide consumption in 2016, but future growth will be
dominated by the rapid adoption of electric vehicles powered by new
generations of lithium batteries. New battery formulations for
electric vehicles, such as NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) cathode
chemistries, rely heavily on lithium hydroxide rather than lithium
carbonate. A significant portion of global lithium hydroxide
production last year came from the United States, including from
the Silver Peak Mine, which adjoins the Project.
In expectation of domestic and international sales, the PEA
utilizes a dynamic lithium hydroxide pricing model as recommended
by Benchmark. The “Base Case” in the Market Study forecasts a
lithium hydroxide price of $12,000/t in 2021 when the proposed
Clayton Valley Project would be ramping up. The price is expected
to strengthen through 2025 to $16,500/t. Beyond 2027, Benchmark
projects lithium hydroxide prices to decline to as low as $9,000/t
by 2038 as new supply and demand mature. The price forecast used in
the economic model represents FOB mine gate (ex-works) pricing.
Engineering Progress
The Process is specifically designed to exclude solar pond
evaporation, enhance and accelerate lithium recovery, and reduce
the associated environmental footprint of lithium production.
Proof-of-concept mini-pilot plant testwork was completed in 2016 at
TAT’s Research & Development Center in Israel. The Company’s
news release of December 13th, 2016 gives further details of the
successful mini‑pilot plant testwork. The Process flowsheet
consists of three distinct sections:
- Pre-Treatment - LiP™: The pre-treatment stage efficiently
removes the alkaline earth elements (Ca, Mg, and Sr) without losing
lithium. This was achieved in the mini-pilot plant testwork using
membranes supplied by TAT’s partner, GE Water & Process
Technologies;
- Solvent Extraction - LiSX™ process: The solvent extraction step
incorporates Tenova Pulsed Columns in each of the extraction,
scrubbing and stripping stages. The LiSX™ step is expected to
increase the lithium concentration by a factor of approximately 38
with negligible lithium losses;
- Electrolysis - LiEL™ process: Through a process of
electrolysis, the lithium sulphate produced in the preceding
solvent extraction step is transformed into lithium hydroxide. This
step allows for the direct production of lithium hydroxide
monohydrate without having to first produce lithium carbonate.
Based on the results of the mini-pilot plant, the overall
lithium recovery of the plant is expected to exceed 91%, an
exceptionally high recovery when compared with conventional solar
evaporation based plants at approximately 50% or less.
Central to the concept of the new Process is the environmentally
responsible return of the brine to the basin after recovery of the
lithium. Subject to permitting and additional testwork and
engineering during pilot plant operation and a feasibility study,
the Project is most likely to use rapid infiltration basins for
that purpose. The capital cost estimates include filtration steps
to ensure the recovery of the solvent before the brine is
discharged.
To further develop the Process, the Company intends to carry out
pilot plant testing of the TAT Process in Clayton Valley. A
continuously operated pilot plant in Nevada will generate important
data to update the current thermodynamic models and provide sample
product for customer testing.
Resource Estimate
The PEA is based upon an updated inferred mineral resource
estimate which was completed by Montgomery dated effective June 15,
2017. The updated mineral resource estimate incorporates data
collected during three phases of exploration performed in 2015 –
2017. Pure Energy field work consisted of various types of
geophysics in addition to drilling, brine sampling, and aquifer
testing as reported in Company news releases dated July 28, 2015;
April 14, 2016; May 10, 2016; Sept 14, 2016, Oct 12, 2016; March 6,
2017, March 27, 2017; and May 9, 2017. The updated resource
estimate also includes data from exploration by Rodinia Minerals,
Inc. in 2009 – 2010. The maiden resource estimate was presented in
a technical report entitled “Inferred Resource Estimate for
Lithium, Clayton Valley Project, Clayton Valley, Esmeralda County,
Nevada, USA” with a date of July 17th, 2015 by Mr. Raymond P.
Spanjers, MS, PG of Norwest (the “July 2015 Technical Report”),
which can be found on the SEDAR website (www.sedar.com).
Consultants, contractors, and Company staff acquired the
following brine resource parameters from surface geophysics,
exploration well drilling and construction, downhole geophysics,
brine sampling, and pumping tests:
- Depth-specific concentrations of lithium, magnesium, calcium,
chloride, sulfate, and other cations and anions of interest;
- Multi-day pumping test samples measuring concentrations of
lithium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, sulfate, and other cations
and anions of interest over time;
- Depth to bedrock in the resource area;
- Lithology;
- Specific yield (sometimes referred to as drainable porosity and
is less than or equivalent to effective porosity) of the aquifer
matrix measured from core samples by physical methods and nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) logging;
- Electrical resistivity of brine; and
- Downhole geophysical profiles including temperature, natural
gamma, dual induction resistivity, fluid electrical conductance,
fluid specific gravity, and NMR.
Montgomery, in consultation with an independent geophysicist,
determined the geometry of the brine aquifer system from seismic
and gravity surveys complemented by core-hole data. Montgomery
estimated the three-dimensional distribution of lithium
concentrations in brine within the resource area from laboratory
analyses of depth-specific brine samples and the results of several
surface geophysical surveys, including: gravity, seismic, and
hybrid source audio-magnetotellurics (HSAMT). NMR borehole logging
results and laboratory measurements made on core samples provided
estimates of specific yield. Montgomery incorporated the data into
a three-dimensional geological model using Leapfrog™ software to
calculate the mineral resource volume and mass.
The estimated lithium resource and associated lithium-bearing
brine volumes within the defined resource area are summarized in
the table below. The current inferred resource estimate totals
approximately 247,000 tonnes of lithium contained as LiOH∙H2O
(218,000 tonnes on an LCE basis). This represents a significant
decline from the previously reported inferred resource (see Company
news release dated July 28, 2015). The main components of the
reduction are a smaller surface area projection of the resource and
a lower estimated specific yield. These factors are partially
offset by a significant increase in the depth and thickness of the
brine resource and the addition of higher lithium grades at
depth.
|
Average LiConcentrationin Brine Volume(mg/L) |
LeapfrogModel Brine Volume(m3) x 103 |
AverageSpecificYield |
Drainable Brine Volume(m3) x 103 |
Lithium (kTonnes) |
LiOH∙H2O (kTonnes) |
LCE (kTonnes) |
ResourceVolumes byAverage LiConcentration |
22 |
550,600 |
0.06 |
33,040 |
0.7 |
4.39 |
3.87 |
65 |
2,424,000 |
0.06 |
145,400 |
9.5 |
57.16 |
50.32 |
132 |
579,200 |
0.06 |
34,750 |
4.6 |
27.73 |
24.41 |
221 |
1,971,000 |
0.06 |
118,200 |
26.1 |
158.00 |
139.09 |
InferredResourceEstimate (Total) |
123 |
5,524,000 |
0.06 |
331,500 |
40.9 |
247.3 |
217.7 |
Comparisons of values in the table may differ due to rounding
and averaging methods. Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves
and do not have demonstrated economic viability.
The updated resource model has a surface area projection of
approximately 1,633 hectares (4,035 acres), whereas the maiden
resource covered a total area of approximately 3,240 hectares
(8,004 acres). A significant area in the southern portion of the
Project was excluded based on negative drill results (see Company
news released dated May 10, 2016). Based on these negative
indications, the Company and its hydrogeological consultants
established a new southern boundary to the resource area. It should
be noted that the Company believes there remains significant
exploration potential at depth in the southern portions of the
basin, and it has plans to test this deeper target in the coming
months.
By conducting geophysical surveys, drilling deeper than previous
programs, more extensive brine sampling and pumping tests, and
three-dimensional modeling, Pure Energy hydrogeologists have
extended the resource to depth. The new inferred mineral resource
extends from approximately 128m (420 ft) below land surface (bls)
to approximately 942m (3,090 ft) bls. The full vertical extent of
the resource in the deeper portions of the basin is now at least
814m (2,671 ft) as opposed to only 366m (1,200 feet) in the maiden
resource. The brine encountered in the deeper portions of
drillholes CV-3, CV-7, and particularly CV-8 tends to be higher
grade and have more favorable chemistry (lower Mg and Ca) than
shallower brines, so the new discoveries at depth have improved the
resource.
The new resource model also incorporates a more conservative
specific yield of 0.06 (6%) than was used in the maiden resource.
This results from the completion of several core holes, which
generated physical samples for porosity testing, and the use of new
logging technology (NMR) that provided a broader analysis of
fluid-filled porespaces. In addition, the Company conducted several
pumping tests to gain additional insight into specific yield. While
there are intervals with more than 0.20 (20%) drainable porosity,
most of the sediments are relatively fine grained and a value of
less than 0.10 (10%) has been used to conservatively model the
drainable brine. The maiden resource relied upon a much higher
porosity value of 0.34 (34%) derived from early testwork (without
core samples) and lithological averages from the literature.
The drilling and sampling indicate that the brine resource is
layered with respect to lithium grade. Higher grade brine (>221
mg/L lithium) occurs on the northeastern side of the resource area
and in the deeper extents of the basin. Lower grade brine (22 – 65
mg/L lithium), typically occurring in the shallower parts of the
system and lateral boundaries, may represent brine diluted by
brackish or fresh water. A significant portion of the brine volume
falls between concentrations of 65 mg/L and 221 mg/L lithium.
The boundaries of the geologic model for the updated inferred
resource estimate of lithium brine are presently defined laterally
north, east, and west by either property claim boundaries
controlled by Pure Energy and limited by bedrock boundaries. To the
south, an east-west boundary is identified between SPD-8 and CV-4
based on brine sampling results and results of surface geophysical
surveys (HSAMT and seismic). The footprint of the resource at land
surface represents an area of 1,633 hectares (4035 acres).
Vertically, the inferred resource brine volume extends from
saturated basin-fill deposits at the brine interface to as deep as
the bedrock contact at CV-8 of 942 meters (3,090 feet) bls or the
bedrock surface (determined by seismic and gravity surveys),
whichever is shallower.
Using the average value of specific yield, the updated inferred
resource estimate for lithium is based on the total amount of
lithium brine that is theoretically drainable from the aquifer
system. The brine volumes where lithium content is estimated as
less than 22 mg/L are not included in the resource
calculations. Layers deeper and extending laterally that lack
aquifer and brine chemistry parameters are included in the estimate
based on the substantial amount of geophysical information obtained
to define depths to basement rocks forming the vertical basin
boundary, potential lateral boundaries, lithologic characteristics,
and deepest drilling achieved for the project, CV-8. The resource
estimate does not include brine aquifer volumes at depths greater
than bedrock contact of CV-8 (below elevations of approximately 361
meters or 1,184 feet amsl). These deeper brine aquifer volumes
remain open for further exploration and characterization.
Environmental and Permitting Considerations
There are currently no known environmental conditions associated
with the Clayton Valley Project. Cultural resources are generally
minimal on the playas, and the probability of the presence of
threatened and endangered faunal or floral species is considered
low. Limited liabilities remain from the reclamation obligations
associated with the current exploration program(s).
From a permitting perspective, the hydrographic basin was
designated as one in need of additional administration in
early 2016 by the Nevada State Engineer. Whether this designation
will have material implications on Pure Energy’s ability to obtain
water rights to develop the resource into a reserve, and
ultimately, produce lithium is unknown at this time. Because
lithium, a locatable mineral under the US General Mining Act of
1872, is dissolved in non-potable water beneath the ground surface,
different and competing legal opinions exist regarding whether
state water law should limit Pure Energy’s ability to explore for
lithium, obtain water rights, or develop its federal mining
claims.
In addition, the Nevada State Engineer’s administration of water
rights and waivers for exploration has been delayed by a nearby
lithium producer’s active obstruction of Pure Energy’s mineral
exploration activities. This obstruction has delayed issuance of
water rights permits and waivers to drill wells and divert water
therefrom. The recent passage of Nevada Assembly Bill 52 holds
promise to streamline the process of exploration for lithium brine,
but the impacts of these various issues on permitting and
construction of a lithium mine cannot be foreseen.
Quality Assurance
Each of the qualified persons shown below has reviewed and
approved the scientific and technical disclosures contained in the
PEA and in this press release and are independent of the company.
Qualified persons have verified the data including sampling,
analytical, and test data underlying the information or opinions
contained herein. The qualified persons responsible are:
- Mr. Michael D. S. Blois, Pr. Eng., QP, FIMMM, (Tenova) is the
qualified person responsible for the mineral processing and
metallurgical testing, recovery methods, infrastructure, capital
cost and operating cost estimates, and the overall preparation of
the report.
- Mr. Ernie Burga, P. Eng., (ACSI) is the qualified person
responsible for the mining methods.
- Mr. Dan Weber, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist, (Montgomery) is the
qualified person responsible for the resource estimate.
- Ms. Valerie Sawyer, P.E., (SRK Consulting) is the qualified
person responsible for the environmental and permitting sections of
the report.
In accordance with National Instrument 43-101, the Company
intends to file the completed PEA technical report (the “PEA
Technical Report”) on the SEDAR website (www.sedar.com) and on the
Company’s website (www.pureenergyminerals.com) within 45 days from
the date of this news release.
About Pure Energy Minerals
Limited
Pure Energy Minerals is a lithium resource
developer that is driven to become a low-cost supplier for the
growing lithium battery industry. The Company’s current focus
is on the development of the Clayton Valley (CV) Project and the
adjoining Glory Lithium Clay Project in Clayton Valley,
Nevada. Pure Energy also recently acquired a purchase option
on a major new lithium brine project in the Lithium Triangle of
South America, the Terra Cotta Project (“TCP”). The TCP is
located on Pocitos Salar in Salta, Argentina, where it enjoys some
of the best infrastructure and access of any lithium brine
exploration project in Argentina.
Pure Energy has developed core strengths in
innovative development and processing technologies for lithium
brines and lithium mineral deposits. Key attributes and
activities include:
- A large, strategic land position with excellent infrastructure
in a first-class mining jurisdiction: approximately 10,700 hectares
(26,000 acres) in Clayton Valley, Esmeralda County, Nevada, located
a 3-hour drive from the Gigafactory;
- An inferred mineral resource of approximately 247,000 tonnes of
LiOH∙H2O (218,000 tonnes of LCE) at an average grade of 123 mg/L
lithium;
- The only lithium brine resource in North America to yield a
positive Preliminary Economic Assessment including after-tax NPV
(8% discount) of US $264 million and an IRR of 21%;
- Advanced metallurgical testwork demonstrating the improved
efficacy of a new environmentally responsible lithium processing
technology that produces low-cost battery grade lithium hydroxide
;
- A new early stage exploration program on the 13,000-hectare
(32,000 acre) Terra Cotta Project (TCP), located on Pocitos Salar
in Salta Province; and
- An active business development program, applying Company
expertise to the evaluation of new lithium targets around the
world.
On behalf of the Board of Directors,
“Patrick Highsmith” Chief Executive Officer
Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services
Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of TSX Venture
Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of
this release.
Forward-Looking Information
This press release contains "forward-looking information" within
the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation.
Forward-looking information includes, but is not limited to,
statements related to activities, events or developments that the
Company expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future,
including, without limitation; statements related to the Company's
release of the PEA Technical Report; the economic analysis of the
Project; the mineral resource estimate for the Project; the
estimated annual production of LiOH-H2O and LCE; the availability
and development of more sustainable technologies for use at the
Project; the expected life of mine; the estimated NPV of the
Project; the estimated IRR of the Project; estimated average
operating costs; estimated capital costs; estimated EBITDA; the
estimated payback period for the Project; the estimated timeline
for construction of the Project; the estimated production schedule
at the Project; anticipated chemistry of brines at the Project;
expected growth in the market for lithium hydroxide; anticipated
changes in the battery formulation technologies; estimated market
prices for lithium hydroxide; anticipated lithium recovery levels
at the Project; expected pilot plant testing at the Project; design
work at the Project; and the development of a timeline for
completion of a feasibility study for the Project. Forward-looking
information is often identified by the use of words such as
"plans", "planning", "planned", "expects" or "looking forward",
"does not expect", "continues", "scheduled", "estimates",
"forecasts", "intends", "potential", "anticipates", "does not
anticipate", or "belief", or describes a "goal", or variation of
such words and phrases or state that certain actions, events or
results "may", "could", "would", "might" or "will" be taken, occur
or be achieved. Forward-looking information is based on a number of
factors and assumptions made by management and considered
reasonable at the time such information is provided.
Forward-looking information involves known and unknown risks,
uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results,
performance, or achievements to be materially different from those
expressed or implied by the forward-looking information. The PEA
is, by definition, preliminary in nature and should be considered
speculative. The economic analysis in the PEA is based upon
inferred drainable mineral resources only. Mineral resources that
are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability. The PEA includes inferred mineral resources that are
considered too speculative geologically to have the economic
considerations applied to them that would enable them to be
categorized as mineral reserves, and there is no certainty that the
PEA will be realized. The PEA is based upon a Process flow sheet
that may change, which would impact all costs and estimates.
Operating costs for the Project were based upon assumptions
including future energy costs, water costs, labor, regulatory costs
and other variables that are likely to change. Capital costs were
based upon plant equipment and other items thought to be necessary
for production. Lithium hydroxide monohydrate price forecasts were
based upon third-party estimates and management assumptions that
may change due to market dynamics. The mineral resource estimates
were based upon assumptions outlined in the “Resource Estimate”
section. Some figures in the resource estimate may have been
calculated using a factor to convert short tons to metric tonnes.
Changes in estimated costs to acquire, construct, install, or
operate the equipment, or changes in projected pricing, may
adversely impact Project economics. Among other factors, the
Company’s inability to complete further mineral resource and
mineral reserve estimates; the inability to complete the PEA
Technical Report or a subsequent feasibility study; the inability
to anticipate changes in brine volume or grade due a number of
factors; changes to the economic analysis; the failure to obtain
necessary permits to explore and develop the Project; environmental
issues or delays; inability to successfully complete additional
drilling at the Project; inability to obtain financing for future
exploration and development work at the Project and the
construction of a plant at the Project; factors disclosed in the
Company's current Management's Discussion and Analysis; as well as
information contained and risks disclosed in other public
disclosure documents available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com may
adversely impact Pure Energy and the Project. Although Pure Energy
has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual
actions, events, or results to differ materially from those
described in the forward-looking information, there may be other
factors that cause actions, events, or results not to be as
anticipated, estimated, or intended. There can be no assurance that
forward-looking information will prove to be accurate. The
forward-looking information contained herein is presented for the
purposes of assisting investors in understanding the Company's
plan, objectives, and goals and may not be appropriate for other
purposes. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on
forward-looking information. Pure Energy does not undertake to
update any forward-looking information, except in accordance with
applicable securities laws.
CONTACT:
Pure Energy Minerals Limited (www.pureenergyminerals.com)
Email: info@pureenergyminerals.com
Telephone – 604 608 6611, ext 7
Pure Energy Minerals (TSXV:PE)
과거 데이터 주식 차트
부터 11월(11) 2024 으로 12월(12) 2024
Pure Energy Minerals (TSXV:PE)
과거 데이터 주식 차트
부터 12월(12) 2023 으로 12월(12) 2024