UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
¨
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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OR
x
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
OR
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period from
to
.
OR
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SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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Date of event requiring this shell company report
Commission file number: 000-51606
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL
CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrants name into English)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
15/F Shining Tower
No. 35 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District
Beijing 100083, Peoples Republic of China
(Address of principal executive offices)
Quincy Tang
Vimicro International Corporation
15/F Shining Tower
No. 35 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District
Beijing 100083, Peoples Republic of China
Phone: (8610) 6894-8888
Facsimile: (8610) 6894-4075
(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class
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Name of each exchange on which registered
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American depositary shares, each
representing four ordinary share, par value
US$0.0001 per share
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The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
None
(Title of
Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the
annual report: As of December 31, 2007, 140,301,378 ordinary shares were outstanding.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a
well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
¨
Yes
x
No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
¨
Yes
x
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x
Yes
¨
No
Indicate by check
mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
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Accelerated filer
x
Non-accelerated filer
¨
Indicate by check mark which basis of
accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
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US GAAP
x
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International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board
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Other
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Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to
follow.
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Item 17
x
Item 18
If Other has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has
elected to follow.
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Item 17
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Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act).
¨
Yes
x
No
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by
check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a
court.
¨
Yes
¨
No
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
Unless otherwise indicated, we, us, our company, our, and Vimicro refer to Vimicro International Corporation, its predecessor entities and subsidiaries.
Unless otherwise indicated, references in this annual report on Form 20-F to Vimicro China are to Vimicro Corporation, our wholly owned subsidiary in China, references to Vimicro Technology are to Vimicro Technology
Corporation, our wholly owned subsidiary in Shenzhen, China, references to Vimicro Hong Kong are to Vimicro Electronics International Limited, Vimicro Chinas wholly owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, references to Vimicro
Shanghai are to Vimicro High-Tech Corporation, our wholly owned subsidiary in Shanghai, China, references to Vimicro Electronic Technology are to Vimicro Electronic Technology Corporation, Vimicro Chinas wholly owned
subsidiary in Beijing, China and references to Vimicro Jiangsu are to Jiangsu Vimicro Electronics Corporation, a subsidiary of Vimicro Electronic Technology. In addition, references in this annual report on Form 20-F to,
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ADRs are to the American depositary receipts that evidence our ADSs;
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ADSs are to our American depositary shares, each of which represents four ordinary shares;
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China or the PRC are to the Peoples Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this annual report on Form 20-F only, Hong Kong,
Macau and Taiwan;
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ordinary shares are to our ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share;
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preferred shares are to our Series A redeemable convertible preferred shares, par value US$0.0001 per share, all of which automatically converted into
our ordinary shares upon the completion of our initial public offering on November 18, 2005;
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RMB are to the legal currency of China; and
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US$, U.S. dollars, $, and dollars are to the legal currency of the United States.
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This annual report on Form 20-F includes our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and as
of December 31, 2006 and 2007.
We and certain shareholders of our company completed the initial public offering of 8,697,063 ADSs,
each representing four of our ordinary shares on November 18, 2005. On November 15, 2005, we listed our ADSs on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol VIMC.
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
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3G
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third generation wireless networks.
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CCD
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charge-coupled device, a semiconductor technology used to build light-sensitive electronic devices such as cameras and image scanners. CCDs may detect either color or black-and-white. Each
CCD chip consists of an array of light-sensitive photocells, which are sensitized by giving them an electrical charge prior to exposure.
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cell
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a primary unit that normally repeats many times in an IC. Cells represent individual functional design units or circuits that may be reused as blocks in designs. For example, a memory cell
represents a storage unit in a memory array.
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chip
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A popular expression for a semiconductor.
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CMOS
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complementary metal oxide silicon. A fabrication process that incorporates n-channel and p-channel CMOS transistors within the same silicon substrate. Currently, CMOS is the most commonly
used IC fabrication process technology and is one of the latest fabrication techniques to use metal oxide semiconductor transistors.
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CPU
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central processing unit, the main processing chip of a computer.
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2
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die
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one individual chip cut from a wafer before being packaged.
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DSP
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digital signal processor, a type of IC that processes and manipulates digital information after it has been converted from an analog source.
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embedded
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with respect to a processor, a microprocessor (CPU) which can be integrated as part of a larger function chip containing such things as embedded memory, interfaces to peripherals etc.; with
respect to memory, memory which is part of the same semiconductor die as the processor.
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fab or foundry
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a semiconductor fabrication facility.
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fabless
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a semiconductor company that uses third-party foundries for all of its wafer fabrication requirements.
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firmware
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software stored in read-only memory (ROM) or programmable ROM (PROM). Firmware is easier to modify than hardware but more difficult to modify than software stored on disk. Firmware is often
responsible for the behavior of a system when it is first switched on. A typical example of firmware would be a monitor program in a microcomputer that loads the full operating system from disk or from a network and then passes control
to it.
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IC
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integrated circuit, an electronic circuit in which all the elements of the circuit are integrated together on a single semiconductor substrate.
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LCD
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liquid crystal display.
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manufacturing yield
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means the percentage of dies produced on a fab line that pass all visual and process control monitoring tests.
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memory
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a device that can store information for later retrieval.
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micron
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a term for micrometer, which is a unit of linear measure that equals one one-millionth (1/1,000,000) of a meter; there are 25.4 microns in one one-thousandth of an inch.
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mixed-signal
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the combination of analog and digital circuitry in a single semiconductor.
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PC
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personal computer.
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peripheral
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any part of a computer other than the CPU or working memory, i.e., disks, keyboards, monitors, mice, printers, scanners, tape drives, microphones, speakers and cameras.
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RISC
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reduced instruction set computer.
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semiconductor
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an element with an electrical resistance within the range of an insulator and a conductor; a semiconductor can conduct or block the flow of electric current depending on the direction and
magnitude of applied electrical biases.
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system-on-chip or SoC
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a chip that incorporates functions usually performed by several different devices and therefore generally offers better performance and lower cost.
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transistor
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an individual circuit that can amplify or switch electric current. This is the main building block of all integrated circuits.
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USB
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universal serial bus.
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VGA
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video graphics array.
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wafer
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a thin, round, flat piece of silicon on which integrated circuits are etched.
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3
PART I
I
TEM
1.
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I
DENTITY
OF
D
IRECTORS
, S
ENIOR
M
ANAGEMENT
AND
A
DVISERS
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Not Applicable.
I
TEM
2.
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O
FFER
S
TATISTICS
AND
E
XPECTED
T
IMETABLE
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Not Applicable.
I
TEM
3.
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K
EY
I
NFORMATION
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A.
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Selected Financial Data
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The following selected
consolidated statements of operations data for the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 have been derived from our audited consolidated
financial statements, which are included in Item 18. Financial Statements in this annual report on Form 20-F. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and
related notes and Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects in this annual report on Form 20-F. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in
the United States (U.S. GAAP).
Our selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended
December 31, 2003 and 2004 and our consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are not included in this annual report on Form
20-F.
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As of or for the Year Ended December 31,
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2003
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2004
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2005
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2006
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2007
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(in thousands, except per share and per ADS data)
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Consolidated Statement of Operations Data
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Net revenue
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US$
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16,604
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US$
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50,258
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US$
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95,277
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US$
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126,564
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US$
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92,753
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Cost of revenue
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(11,011
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)
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(32,404
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(58,943
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(86,183
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(64,290
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Gross profit
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5,593
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17,854
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36,334
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40,381
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28,463
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Operating expenses
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(6,844
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(24,366
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(19,296
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(33,548
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(35,138
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Research and development, net
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(3,345
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(6,290
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(8,102
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(17,320
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(20,039
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Sales and marketing
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(1,953
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(7,118
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(5,118
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(5,365
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(4,668
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General and administrative
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(1,546
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(10,883
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(6,076
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(10,863
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(10,431
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(Loss) income from operations
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(1,251
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(6,512
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17,038
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6,833
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(6,675
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Net income (loss)
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14
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(5,612
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16,390
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9,672
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(2,004
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Income (loss) per ordinary share
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Basic
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0.00
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(0.07
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0.16
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0.07
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(0.01
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Diluted
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0.00
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(0.07
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0.13
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0.07
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(0.01
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Income (loss) per ADS
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Basic
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0.00
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(0.27
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0.63
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0.28
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(0.06
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Diluted
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0.00
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(0.27
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0.54
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0.26
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(0.06
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Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding used in income (loss) per share calculations
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Basic
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82,147
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82,147
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89,639
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137,593
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139,710
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Diluted
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82,147
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82,147
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105,412
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146,962
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139,710
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Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
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Cash and cash equivalents
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US$
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6,107
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US$
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34,592
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US$
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100,610
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US$
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114,834
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US$
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116,958
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Total assets
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14,751
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50,617
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137,383
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148,350
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154,031
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Total liabilities
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9,327
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12,311
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18,218
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13,493
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12,829
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Preferred shares
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23,923
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Total shareholders equity
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4,359
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14,383
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119,165
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134,857
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141,202
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4
B.
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Capitalization and Indebtedness
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Not Applicable.
C.
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Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
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Not
Applicable.
Risks Related to Our Business
We were a passive foreign investment company for the taxable year ended December 31, 2007, which could result in adverse United States federal income tax
consequences to U.S. Holders.
Based on the price of the ADSs and our ordinary shares and the composition of our assets, we believe we
were a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for the taxable year ended December 31, 2007. In addition, it is likely that some or all our subsidiaries were also PFICs for the
taxable year ended December 31, 2007. A non-U.S. corporation will be considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive income or (2) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an
average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. Because we were a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2007, certain adverse
United States federal income tax consequences could apply to the U.S. Holder. See Item 10. Additional InformationE. TaxationUnited States Federal Income TaxationPassive Foreign Investment Company.
We may not sustain our recent rates of growth and may incur net losses in the future.
We have experienced significant growth in net revenue and gross profit since 2002. Our net revenue increased substantially from US$95.3 million in 2005 to
US$126.6 million in 2006, and decreased to US$92.8 million in 2007. Our gross profit increased from US$36.3 million in 2005 to US$40.4 million in 2006, and decreased to US$28.5 million in 2007. Our growth reflected a substantial increase in our
shipments of PC camera multimedia products, and to a lesser extent, our shipments of mobile phone multimedia products in 2005 and 2006. In 2007, we experienced a decrease in shipments and decline of the average selling price of our products, which
resulted in the decrease in our revenue and gross profit. We do not expect to maintain the rate of growth in net revenues and gross profit that we experienced in prior years as our business has become more heavily focused in the competitive mobile
phone multimedia processor market.
We generated net income of US$16.4 million in 2005 and US$9.7 million in 2006, and incurred a net loss
of US$2.0 million in 2007. We may continue to incur net losses in the future. We expect to increase our operating expenses in anticipation of expected growth. As a result, any decrease or delay in generating additional sales volume and revenue could
materially and adversely affect our results of operations and could result in substantial losses. We expect to continue to grant options to employees and consultants in the future and will therefore continue to incur share-based compensation
expenses as a result of share-based awards.
We are substantially dependent on sales of our PC camera multimedia processors. A reduction in the volume
of PC camera multimedia processors that we sell or the average prices of which we sell them would cause our overall revenue to decline and could materially harm our business.
We have derived a substantial portion of our revenue to date from sales of our PC camera multimedia processors and the third-party sensors we bundled with
them. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we generated approximately 75.3%, 69.5% and 62.8%, respectively, of our net revenue from sales of PC camera multimedia processors and the third-party sensors we bundled with them. Although we began volume shipments of
our mobile phone multimedia processors in 2003 and shipments of our mobile phone multimedia processors substantially increased in 2005 and 2006, and decreased slightly in 2007, we expect that sales of our PC camera multimedia processors will
continue to comprise a significant portion of our revenue in the future. Accordingly, any decrease in the demand for our PC camera multimedia processors resulting from the success of competing products, slower than expected growth of the PC camera
market or other adverse developments relating to PC cameras may materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, sales of our mobile phone multimedia processors may not increase to a level that would enable us to materially reduce the
dependence of our overall financial results on sales of our PC camera multimedia processors.
5
We may not succeed in developing and selling our mobile phone multimedia processors.
We have invested significant resources in the development and sale of mobile phone multimedia processors and our ability to achieve significant growth in
revenue and gross profit in the near future will depend on the continuation of our successful development and sales of these products. We face significant challenges in the mobile phone multimedia processor business that differs from those we have
faced in the PC camera multimedia processor business, including the following:
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technologies, designs and consumer preferences for mobile phones change more rapidly, and product life cycles are shorter, than those for PC cameras;
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mobile phone multimedia processors have more complex product specifications than PC camera multimedia processors;
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mobile phone multimedia processors have more stringent integration, size and power consumption requirements than PC camera multimedia processors;
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the customer base for mobile phone multimedia processors is more fragmented than that for PC camera multimedia processors;
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the mobile phone multimedia processor market is characterized by longer design and sales cycles than the PC camera multimedia processor market; and
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the potential manufacturing volume requirements for mobile phone multimedia processors will be larger than those for PC camera multimedia processors.
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We may not be able to successfully address these new challenges in the mobile phone multimedia processor business. Any
failure by us to successfully develop and sell mobile phone multimedia processors would have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.
The growth and success of our business depend on the extent to which mobile phone designers choose to incorporate multimedia processors into mobile phone designs.
Our future growth and success depend on the successful development of the mobile phone multimedia processor market and the acceptance of our products by
customers. We cannot predict the growth rate, if any, of the mobile phone multimedia processor market. The development of this market depends substantially on the extent to which mobile phone designers choose to incorporate multimedia processors
into mobile phone designs, as opposed to other solutions such as baseband processors that integrate multimedia functions. The failure of the market for mobile phone multimedia processors to expand could have a material adverse effect on the growth
and success of our business.
The growth and success of our business depend on our ability to respond in a timely manner to the evolving multimedia
mobile phone market and changing consumer preferences and industry standards.
Our future growth and success depend significantly on the
development of the multimedia mobile phone market, which is evolving rapidly. The development of the multimedia mobile phone market depends on several factors, including changes in end user preferences, demand for multimedia functions and
applications on mobile phones, the development of wireless networks to carry increased data traffic, the availability of multimedia-capable mobile phones and the continued provision of subsidies by mobile phone services operators to promote mobile
phone upgrades and purchases. In addition, the multimedia mobile phone market is characterized by evolving industry standards, which are difficult for us to predict. If we do not respond to the evolving market, changing consumer preferences and
industry standards in a timely manner, the growth and success of our business could be materially and adversely affected.
We have depended on sales of
third-party image sensors for a substantial portion of our revenue.
To meet the demand of China-based PC camera manufacturers for more
comprehensive system solutions enabling greater ease-of-use and shortened time-to-market for their products, we frequently order image sensors based on our specifications from third-party sensor manufacturers and sell them together with our
mixed-signal
6
PC camera multimedia processors. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we bundled 61%, 57% and 52%, respectively, of our PC camera multimedia processors with third-party
sensors. In the same periods, we generated 37%, 32% and 21%, respectively, of our net revenue from the sales of these third-party sensors. At present, there is a limited supply of image sensors for PC camera applications as most of the sensor
manufacturers focus on the larger market for mobile phone image sensors. If we are unable to secure an adequate supply of image sensors, our revenue growth may be adversely affected. In addition, to the extent suppliers of sensors develop PC camera
multimedia processors on their own and bundle their processors with sensors, we will face competition from these suppliers and our sales of PC camera multimedia processors could be materially and adversely affected.
Our lengthy time-to-market makes it difficult for us to forecast revenue and increases the variability of our quarterly results.
Our multimedia processor products are characterized by lengthy intervals between product development and initial volume sales. This interval, commonly
referred to as time-to-market, typically ranges from three to six months for our PC camera multimedia processors and six to nine months for our mobile phone multimedia processors, and may be significantly longer for first-time customers. A number of
factors contribute to the length of our time-to-market. After initially developing a product, we must convince a customer to incorporate it into the design of the customers end product, which is referred to as a design win.
Following the design win, we must complete our product development and deliver our product to the customer, and the customers will then test and evaluate our product before completing the design of its own end product. Our customers may need one to
two months or longer to test and evaluate our products and an additional three months or more to commence volume production of end products. Our lengthy time-to-market makes it difficult for us to forecast revenue and increases the variability of
our quarterly results. It also results in a lengthy interval from the time we incur research and development and other operating expenses in connection with a new product to the time that we can first generate revenue from that product. In addition,
a design win may never result in volume production or sales of our product. It is possible that we may not generate sufficient, if any, revenue from a new product to offset the increased operating expenses for the development and sale of that
product.
We may be unable to accurately predict demand for our products, which may result in product shortages or excess inventory or obsolete
inventory.
The lead time required by the foundries that we use to fabricate wafers and manufacture our multimedia processors is often
longer than the lead time our customers provide to us for delivery of our products to them. These foundries require us to provide forecasts of our anticipated manufacturing needs and place binding manufacturing orders before we receive purchase
orders from our customers. This may result in product shortages or excess product inventory because we cannot easily adjust our forecasts and commitments. Obtaining additional supply in the face of product shortages may be costly or impossible,
particularly in a short time frame, which could prevent us from fulfilling orders. In line with industry-wide increases in foundry lead times, the lead times the foundries require to manufacture our new multimedia processors have recently grown
longer, which has led to an increase in our inventory levels. These lead times may increase further, which may in turn cause us to increase our inventory levels. In addition, like most semiconductor products, our multimedia processors are often
susceptible to rapidly declining average selling prices and rapid obsolescence. Excess inventory levels, whether due to our incorrect forecasts, lengthening foundry lead times or other reasons, could result in higher levels of obsolete inventory,
unprofitable sales or write-offs of excess or obsolete inventory. Consequently, if we fail to accurately forecast demand for our products, or if longer foundry lead times result in excess inventory levels that result in unprofitable sales or
write-offs of inventory, our operating results could fluctuate and the price of our ADSs could decline.
Failure to obtain design wins could have a
material adverse effect on our business.
Our success depends on our ability to obtain design wins where PC camera or mobile phone
designers decide to incorporate our multimedia processors into their new product designs. Once a multimedia processor designed by a supplier has been incorporated into a PC camera or mobile phone design, the PC camera or mobile
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phone designer tends to keep the same supplier for the life of the product due to the significant costs associated with qualifying a new supplier. This
reluctance to change incumbent suppliers may be an entry barrier for new suppliers such as us. On the other hand, PC camera and mobile phone designers constantly develop and introduce new products to the market, which requires suppliers such as us
to continue to create innovative, highly integrated, low-power and cost-effective products and solutions in order to continue to achieve design wins from our existing customers. Our failure to achieve design wins could have a material adverse effect
on our business.
Our success depends on our customers ability to successfully sell their products incorporating our multimedia processors.
Even if a PC camera or mobile phone designer decides to incorporate our multimedia processors into its product or design, the designer may
not be able to market and sell its product or design successfully. Even though the designer does not have the right to return the multimedia processors purchased from us, the designers inability to market and sell its products, whether from
lack of market acceptance or otherwise, could adversely affect our business since, for example, the designer may not order new products from us or we may suffer harm to our reputation. Accordingly, our success depends on our customers ability
to successfully sell their products incorporating our multimedia processors. We expect that most of our mobile phone multimedia processors will initially be incorporated into mobile phones designed and produced by companies based in China. We are
not certain whether these China-based mobile phone designers and manufacturers will be able to sell their products successfully and, if they are successful initially, how long their products will remain competitive in the market.
We depend on third-party foundries to manufacture our multimedia processors. Failure to obtain sufficient foundry capacity could significantly delay our ability to
ship our products, cause us to lose revenue and damage our customer relationships.
We do not manufacture our own products. Taiwan
Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, or TSMC, in Taiwan, historically manufactured substantially all of our multimedia processors. To diversify our wafer suppliers and reduce our significant dependence on a single foundry, we began to use Fujitsu
Microelectronics Asia Pte Ltd, or Fujitsu, and Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, or SMIC, to manufacture some of our products in 2004. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, third-party foundries other than TSMC manufactured 41%, 43% and 57%,
respectively, of our multimedia processors. Due to our dependence on third-party foundries, we face several significant risks, including:
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failure to secure sufficient manufacturing capacity, or failure to secure sufficient manufacturing capacity at a reasonable cost;
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limited control over delivery schedules, quality assurance and control, manufacturing yields and production costs; and
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the unavailability of, or potential delays in obtaining access to, key process technologies.
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The ability of a foundry to manufacture our multimedia processors is limited by its available production capacity. None of these third-party foundries
has allocated a fixed level of production capacity to us. It is difficult for us to accurately forecast our capacity needs. We do not have any long-term agreement with any foundry and we typically place orders with them on a purchase order basis,
depending on our own customers purchase orders and sales forecasts. These foundries can allocate their production capacities to their other customers and reduce deliveries to us on short notice. It is possible that other customers of these
foundries are larger and better financed than we are, or have long-term agreements with these foundries, and they may allocate their production capacities to these customers during times of production capacity shortages. Any shortfall in available
foundry capacity could significantly delay our ability to ship our products, cause us to lose revenue and damage our customer relationships.
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Each of our products is manufactured at only one foundry and if any of these foundries is unable to provide the
capacity we need, we may experience delays in shipping our products, which could damage our customer relationships and result in reduced revenue and increased expenses.
Each of our products is manufactured at only one foundry. If any of these foundries is unable to provide us with capacity we need, we could experience
significant delays in delivering the product manufactured by that foundry to our own customers. In addition, if any of these foundries experience financial difficulties, suffer damage to its facilities, or experience other disruption to their
operations, we may not be able to qualify an alternative foundry in a timely manner, as the qualification process may result in a delay of several months before we can begin to ship our products. Such a delay could damage our customer relationships
and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
One of the principal foundries and one of the
assembly and testing houses that we use are both located in a region that is subject to earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters, as well as geopolitical risks and social upheaval.
TSMC, one of the principal foundries upon which we currently rely to manufacture the majority of our multimedia processors, and Advanced Semiconductor
Engineering, Inc., or ASE, one of the assembly and testing houses that we use, are both located in Taiwan. Taiwan is susceptible to earthquakes, typhoons, floods and other natural disasters, and has experienced severe earthquakes in recent years
that caused significant property damage and loss of life. In addition, TSMC and ASE are subject to risks associated with uncertain political, economic and other conditions in Taiwan and elsewhere in Asia, such as political turmoil in the region and
the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, or another epidemic. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could disrupt their operations, resulting in significant delays in deliveries or substantial shortages of our products and harm
to our business.
If the foundries that we use do not achieve expected manufacturing yields, our product costs could increase and product availability
could decrease.
The manufacture of semiconductors is a highly complex process. Minute impurities in a silicon wafer can cause a
substantial number of wafers to be rejected or cause numerous die on a wafer to be nonfunctional. Foundries encounter difficulties from time to time in achieving acceptable manufacturing yields, which are measured by the percentage of dies produced
on a fab line that pass all visual and process control monitoring tests. This often occurs during the production of new products or the installation and start-up of new process technologies. The foundries that we use may not be able to achieve
acceptable manufacturing yields as we migrate our designs to smaller geometries. If these foundries do not achieve expected manufacturing yields, our product costs could increase and product availability could decrease.
The loss of the services of either of the two independent assembly and testing houses could significantly disrupt our shipments, harm our customer relationships and
reduce our sales.
We rely on two independent assembly and testing houses, ASE and ASAT Holdings Limited, or ASAT, to assemble and test
substantially all of our current multimedia processors either for the foundry or directly for us. As a result, we do not directly control our product delivery schedules, assembly and testing costs or quality assurance and control. If either of these
assembly and testing houses experiences capacity constraints or financial difficulties or suffers any damage to its facilities, or if there is any other disruption of assembly and testing capacity, we may not be able to obtain alternative assembly
and testing services in a timely manner. We do not have long-term agreements with either of our independent assembly and testing houses. We typically procure services from them on a per-order basis. We currently estimate that it would take us at
least three to six months to locate and qualify a new assembly and testing house. Because of the amount of time that it takes us to qualify third-party assembly and testing houses, we could experience significant delays in product shipments if we
are required to find alternative assembly and testing houses for our products on short notice. Any problems that we may encounter with the delivery, quality or cost of our products could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers.
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We are dependent on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue and this dependence is
likely to continue.
We have been dependent on a small number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue. Our top ten
customers collectively accounted for approximately 76%, 76% and 69% of our revenue in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Sales to our largest customers have varied significantly from period to period. Shenzhen Akkord Electronics Co., Ltd., or
Akkord, a China-based original design manufacturer, or ODM, accounted for over 10% of our net revenue in 2005; Shenzhen Hongtaili Technology Co., Ltd., or Hongtaili, one of our major China-based distributors, accounted for over 10% of our net
revenue in 2005, 2006 and 2007; Nanxiang International Limited, or Nanxiang, also one of our major China-based distributors, accounted for over 10% of our net revenue in 2006 and 9% in 2007. We expect that a significant portion of our sales will
continue to be generated by a small number of China-based customers. Our largest customers may change from year-to-year as we continue our expansion in the mobile phone multimedia processor market. Our ability to maintain close relationships with
these customers is essential to the growth and profitability of our business. If we fail to sell our products to one or more of our major customers in any particular period, or if a large customer purchases fewer of our products, defers orders or
fails to place additional orders with us, or if we fail to develop additional major customers, our revenue could decline, and our operating results could be adversely affected.
We rely on third-party distributors for a significant portion of our revenue.
A significant portion
of our revenue is derived from sales to distributors who resell our products to manufacturers of modules or end products, such as PC cameras and mobile phones, into which our products are incorporated. Sales to distributors accounted for 47%, 70%
and 77% of our net revenue in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, there were eight distributors among our top ten customers. As a result, our ability to maintain good relationships with these distributors is important to
the growth of our business and our results from operations. If our major distributors defer orders or fail to place additional orders with us, our revenue could decline and our operating results could be materially adversely affected.
We do not have long-term purchase commitments from our customers, which may result in significant uncertainty and volatility with respect to our revenue from period
to period.
We do not have long-term purchase commitments from our customers and our sales are made on the basis of individual purchase
orders. Our customers may cancel or defer purchase orders. Our customers purchase orders may vary significantly from period to period, and it is difficult to forecast future order quantities. We cannot assure you that any of our customers will
continue to place purchase orders with us in the future at the same level as in prior periods. We also cannot assure you that the volume of our customers purchase orders will be consistent with our expectations when we plan our expenditures.
As a result, our results of operations may vary from period to period and may fluctuate significantly in the future.
Defects in our products could
result in a loss of customers and decrease in revenue, unexpected expenses and a reduction in market share.
Our products are complex
and must meet stringent quality requirements. Complex products such as our highly integrated single-chip products may contain defects, errors and bugs when they are first introduced or as new versions are released. If any of our products have
reliability, quality or compatibility problems, we may not be able to correct these problems on a timely basis. Consequently, our reputation may be damaged and we may fail to obtain design wins, which could harm our ability to retain existing
customers and attract new customers. In addition, these defects, errors or bugs could interrupt or delay sales to our customers. Because we cannot test for all possible scenarios, our products may contain errors which are not discovered until after
they are shipped. If any of these problems are not found until after we have delivered our products to our customers, we may be required to incur additional development costs and costs associated with product recalls, repairs or replacements.
Product defects may also result in product liability claims against us.
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Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and we expect our operating results to continue to fluctuate.
Our revenue and operating results are difficult to predict, and have in the past and may in the future fluctuate from period to period. We
expect that our revenue will continue to vary from period to period, making it difficult to predict our future operating results. In particular, we experience seasonality and variability in demand for our products as our customers manage their
inventories. Our customers tend to increase their inventories of our products in anticipation of the peak fourth quarter buying season for PCs and mobile devices into which our products are incorporated, which often leads to sequentially lower sales
of our products in the first and fourth quarters. In addition, business activities in China generally slow down during the Chinese New Year period in the first quarter of each year, which may adversely affect our sales and results of operations
during the period. We based our planned operating expenses in part on our expectations of future revenue. If our revenue for a particular quarter is lower than we expect, we may be unable to proportionately reduce our operating expenses for that
quarter, which could harm our operating results for that quarter.
Additional factors that could cause our quarterly results of operations
to fluctuate include:
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the timing and volume of purchase orders and cancellations from our customers;
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changes in manufacturing costs, including wafer, testing and assembly costs, and manufacturing yields, product quality and reliability;
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the timing and availability of adequate manufacturing capacity of the foundries we use;
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our ability to successfully design and introduce new products in a timely manner that meet our customers needs;
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the timing, performance and pricing of new products introduced by us and our competitors;
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the timing and amount of operating expenses incurred by us, including cash bonuses to senior management;
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the liquidity and cash flow of our company and our customers; and
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changes in exchange rates, interest rates, tax rates and tax withholding.
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Any fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations may affect the price of our ADSs. In future periods, the market price of our ADSs could decline
if our revenue and results of operations are below the expectations of analysts and investors.
We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized
use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.
We rely on a combination of patent,
copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect our intellectual property rights. As of December 31, 2007, we owned 285 patents in China and had 763 pending patent applications
in China, 41 pending patent applications in the United States, seven pending patent applications in Taiwan, three pending patent applications in Japan and three pending patent applications in Korea. We cannot assure you that any patent will be
issued as a result of our applications or, if issued, that it will sufficiently protect our intellectual property rights. Implementation of PRC intellectual property-related laws has historically been lacking, primarily because of ambiguities in the
PRC laws and difficulties in enforcement. Accordingly, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is
difficult and expensive. The steps we have taken may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our proprietary technology. Reverse engineering, unauthorized copying or other misappropriation of our proprietary technologies could enable third
parties to benefit from our technologies without paying us for doing so, which could harm our business and competitive position. Though we are not currently involved in any litigation with respect to intellectual property, we may need to enforce our
intellectual
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property rights through litigation. Litigation relating to our intellectual property might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and
management attention. See Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaUncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could have a material adverse effect on us.
We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be time-consuming and costly to defend and, if successful, result in our loss of significant rights and inability to continue providing our existing
products.
Our success also depends in large part on our ability to use and develop our technology and know-how without infringing the
intellectual property rights of third parties. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming and could divert managements attention from our business. If there is a successful claim of infringement against us, we may be
required to pay substantial damages to the party claiming infringement, develop non-infringing technology or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Our failure to develop non-infringing
technologies or license the proprietary rights on a timely basis would harm our business. Protracted litigation could also result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase or use of our products until resolution of
such litigation. Also, we may be unaware of filed patent applications that relate to our products. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction, which could prevent us from selling our products or using technology that
contains the allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any intellectual property litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
Two of our officers may face claims by their former employer that could consume substantial amounts of management time and attention, as well as result in damage to
their and our reputations.
Dr. Zhonghan Deng, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Dr. Xiaodong Yang, one of our
directors and our Chief Technology Officer, were among the co-founders of Vimicro China in 1999. Mr. Deng and Mr. Yang were also co-founders in 1998 of Pixim, Inc., a designer of digital imaging systems for high performance, advanced
featured digital camera products based in Silicon Valley, where Mr. Deng was initially Chairman and President and Mr. Yang was initially a director and Vice President in charge of technology development. Mr. Deng left Pixim in May
2001 and became our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President at the beginning of 2002. Mr. Yang left Pixim in February 2004 and became our Chief Technology Officer in March 2004. Mr. Yang had also served on our board of directors in
2001 and 2002.
In May 2004, Mr. Deng and Mr. Yang learned that Pixim was contemplating a possible lawsuit against them based
upon their alleged failure to disclose their involvement in Vimicro to Pixim and its stockholders and investors, with potential claims in the nature of breach of fiduciary duty, misrepresentation and securities fraud. Mr. Deng and Mr. Yang
have informed us that, to date, despite inquiries on their behalf seeking clarification of the potential claims, Pixim has declined to specify the factual or legal basis for any claim and no lawsuit has been filed against Mr. Deng or
Mr. Yang. However, we cannot assure you that claims of this nature or other claims will not be brought against Mr. Deng or Mr. Yang by Pixim or its investors, including claims based upon alleged breaches or misconduct by Mr. Deng
or Mr. Yang under their contractual obligations to Pixim or alleged infringements of Pixims intellectual property rights or misappropriation of its intellectual property assets. Mr. Deng and Mr. Yang have informed us that they
believe these potential claims would be without merit if brought. We cannot assure you that similar claims might not also be made against us as a result of Mr. Dengs and Mr. Yangs involvement with us as co-founders and
contributors of technology and technological expertise to initially capitalize Vimicro and as directors and, later, members of our senior management involved in our technology and product development. If any such claims were made against us, we
would intend to contest them vigorously.
Regardless of the outcome, if any such claims were made against Mr. Deng, Mr. Yang or
us, litigation could be expensive and could consume substantial amounts of management time and attention, as well as result in damage to their and our reputations, which could have an adverse effect on our operations. An adverse result in litigation
could involve damages or equitable relief, and we cannot assure you that such relief would not
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negatively affect our ability to use our intellectual property, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. The commencement and prosecution
of any such litigation, regardless of the outcome, could also have an adverse impact on the price of our ADSs.
Our business depends substantially on
the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our future success depends heavily upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees. We rely on their expertise in multimedia processor design, business operations, sales and marketing and on their relationships
with our shareholders, distributors and customers and relevant government authorities. We also rely on a number of experienced mixed-signal semiconductor designers who are difficult to find since it often requires years of experience to fully master
mixed-signal design. We do not maintain key-man life insurance for any of our senior executives and other key employees. If one or more of our senior executives or key employees were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we
might not be able to replace them easily or at all. Our business may be severely disrupted, our financial conditions and results of operations may be materially adversely affected, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain
personnel. Since our industry is characterized by high demand and intense competition for talent, we also may not be able to attract or retain additional highly skilled employees or other key personnel that we will need to achieve our strategic
objectives. As we are still a relatively young company and our business has grown rapidly, our ability to train and integrate new employees into our operations may not meet the growing demands of our business.
If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, suppliers, know-how and key
professionals and staff members. Each of our executive officers has entered into an employment agreement with us, which contains non-competition provisions. However, if any dispute arises between our executive officers and us, we cannot assure you
the extent to which any of these agreements could be enforced in China, where these executive officers reside, in light of the uncertainties with Chinas legal system. See Risks Related to Doing Business in ChinaUncertainties
with respect to the PRC legal system could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our initial option grants to many of our key employees are
substantially vested. Therefore, these employees may not have sufficient financial incentives to continue to work for our company, and our ability to successfully operate our business and to execute our business strategy could be impaired if we
cannot replace departing key employees in a timely manner.
The share options that we initially granted to many of our key employees
have become, or will soon become, substantially vested. While we periodically grant additional share options to key employees after their hire dates, the numbers of options that we initially grant are usually much larger than in subsequent grants.
Employees may be more likely to leave us after the share options that we initially granted to them fully vest, especially if the shares underlying the options have significantly appreciated in value relative to the option exercise price. If any
member of our management team or any of our other key personnel leaves our company, our ability to successfully operate our business and execute our business strategy could be impaired. We may also incur significant costs in identifying, hiring,
training and retaining replacements for departing employees.
If we fail to manage our growth effectively, our business may be adversely affected.
We have experienced a period of rapid growth and expansion that has placed, and continues to place, significant strain on our management
personnel, systems and resources. To accommodate our growth, we anticipate that we will need to implement a variety of new and upgraded operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, including the improvement of our accounting and other
internal management systems, all of which require substantial management efforts. We also will need to continue to expand, train, manage and motivate our workforce, manage our customer and distributor relationships and manage our relationship with
foundries and assembly and testing houses. All of these endeavors will require substantial management effort and
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skill and incurrence of additional expenditures. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage our growth effectively, and any failure to do so may
have a material adverse effect on our business.
Future acquisitions may have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
If we are presented with appropriate opportunities, we may acquire complementary technologies, businesses or assets. Future acquisitions would expose
us to potential risks, including risks associated with the assimilation of new technologies, businesses and personnel, unforeseen or hidden liabilities, the diversion of management attention and resources from our existing business and the inability
to generate sufficient revenue to offset the costs and expenses of acquisitions. Any difficulties encountered in the acquisition and integration process may have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
If we fail to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we could suffer a loss of investor
confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.
We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities laws. The
Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such companys internal
control over financial reporting in its annual report, which must also contain managements assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management has conducted an evaluation of our internal control
over financial reporting, and concludes that our internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2007 is effective.
However, we cannot assure you that any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. If we fail to maintain effective internal
control over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we could suffer a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could negatively impact the trading price of our ADSs, result in
lawsuits being filed against us by our shareholders or otherwise harm our reputation. Furthermore, we have incurred and anticipate that we will continue to incur considerable costs and use significant management time and other resources in an effort
to continue to comply with Section 404 and other requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Contractual arrangements between Vimicro China and
Vimicro Hong Kong may be subject to scrutiny by the Hong Kong tax authorities and a finding that Vimicro Hong Kong owes additional taxes could substantially reduce our consolidated net income and the value of your investment.
We use Vimicro Hong Kong, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vimicro China incorporated in Hong Kong, to facilitate a substantial portion of our sales
activities primarily due to Vimicro Hong Kongs close proximity to foundries and assembly and testing houses located in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Vimicro Hong Kong and Vimicro China have entered into certain contractual arrangements pursuant to
which Vimicro Hong Kong makes royalty payments to Vimicro China for certain technologies licensed from Vimicro China. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the Hong Kong tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements
between Vimicro China and Vimicro Hong Kong were not entered into based on arms-length negotiations and adjust Vimicro Hong Kongs income and expenses for Hong Kong tax purposes in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer
pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction, for Hong Kong tax purposes, of expense deductions recorded by Vimicro Hong Kong, which could in turn increase the tax liabilities of Vimicro Hong Kong. In addition, the Hong Kong
tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on Vimicro Hong Kong for under-paid taxes. Our consolidated net income may be materially and adversely affected if Vimicro Hong Kongs tax liabilities increase or if it is found
to be subject to late payment fees or other penalties.
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Risks Relating to Our Industry
The markets in which we operate are highly competitive, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against our competitors.
The market for multimedia processors is intensely competitive and is characterized by frequent technological change and evolving industry standards. We
expect competition to increase, especially in the mobile phone multimedia processor market. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced margins and inability to gain or hold market share.
In the PC camera multimedia processor market, we face competition primarily from ALi Corporation, EMPIA Technology, Sonix Technology and Sunplus
Technology. We also face competition from large, diversified semiconductor vendors such as Philips.
In the mobile phone multimedia
processor market, we face intense competition from vendors of audio processors such as Oki Electric, Rohm, Sunplus Technology, Winbond Electronics Corp. and Yamaha, and vendors of image, video and graphics processors, such as ATI Technologies,
CoreLogic, MtekVision, Nvidia, Sanyo, Seiko Epson and Sunplus Technology. In addition, we may face actual or potential competition from established suppliers of semiconductor solutions to mobile phone manufacturers which may attempt to enter our
market through, among other means, bundling or integrating multimedia processing functionality with their existing offerings. These suppliers include Analog Devices, Broadcom, Freescale, Infineon, Intel, Mediatek Corporation, NEC Electronics,
Philips, QUALCOMM, STMicroelectronics and Texas Instruments.
Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial, technical,
manufacturing, marketing, sales and other resources than we do. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete effectively and increase or maintain our revenue and market share in the PC camera multimedia processor market, or compete
successfully against our current or future competitors in the mobile phone multimedia processor market.
We are subject to rapidly declining average
selling prices, which may harm our revenue and gross profit.
Semiconductor products and electronics products into which they are
incorporated are typically sold in high volumes and are subject to rapid declines in average selling prices. We have reduced the prices of many of our products in the past to meet market demand, and expect that we will continue to face market driven
pricing pressures on our products in the future. Our financial results will suffer if we are unable to offset any reductions in our average selling prices by developing new or enhanced products on a timely basis with higher selling prices or gross
profit margins, increasing our sales volumes or reducing our costs.
We may be adversely affected by the cyclicality of the semiconductor industry.
Our industry is highly cyclical and is characterized by constant and rapid technological change, product obsolescence and price erosion,
evolving standards, short product life cycles and wide fluctuations in product supply and demand. The industry has, from time to time, experienced significant downturns, often connected with, or in anticipation of, maturing product cycles of both
semiconductor companies and their customers products and declines in general economic conditions. These downturns have been characterized by diminished product demand, production overcapacity, high inventory levels and accelerated
erosion of average selling prices. Any future downturns may reduce our revenue and result in us having excess inventory. Furthermore, any upturn in the semiconductor industry could result in increased competition for access to limited third-party
foundry, assembly and test capacity.
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Our business could be materially and adversely affected if we fail to anticipate changes in evolving industry
standards and to develop and introduce new and enhanced products.
Our products are generally based on industry standards, which are
continually evolving. The emergence of new industry standards could render our products or those of our customers unmarketable or obsolete and may require us to incur substantial unanticipated costs to comply with any such new standards. Moreover,
our past sales and profitability have resulted, to a significant extent, from our ability to anticipate changes in technology and industry standards and to develop and introduce new and enhanced products. Our continued ability to adapt to such
changes and anticipate future standards will be a significant factor in maintaining or improving our competitive position and our prospects for growth. We cannot assure you that we will be able to anticipate the evolving industry standards or that
we will be able to successfully develop and introduce new products to meet the new standards. If we fail to anticipate technological change and introduce new products that achieve market acceptance, our business and results of operations could be
materially and adversely affected.
Risks Related To Doing Business in China
Adverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our products and have a
material adverse effect on our competitive position.
Most of our business operations are conducted in China and we believe that a
significant portion of devices that our products are incorporated into are ultimately sold to end users in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political
and legal developments in China. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, the level of development, the growth rate, the control of foreign exchange
and the allocation of resources.
While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth in the past 20 years, growth has been
uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall Chinese economy,
but may also have a negative effect on us. We cannot predict the future direction of economic reforms or the effects such measures may have on our business, financial position or results of operations. Any adverse change in the economic conditions
in China, in policies of the PRC government or in laws and regulations in China, could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China and investment in the semiconductor industry. Such developments could have a material
adverse effect on our businesses, lead to reduction in demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.
Because
our business depends in part on the continuing expansion of the electronics supply chain in China, any slowdown in this expansion could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Our continuing growth is based upon, among other factors, the continuing expansion of design, manufacturing and other elements of the electronics supply
chain in China. This expansion depends on many factors, including Chinas ability to continue to attract foreign investment, maintain low costs of operations and supply a well-educated labor force, as well as compete successfully against other
countries which desire to establish themselves as preferred supply centers. Any slowdown in the expected expansion of the electronics supply chain in China could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.
We conduct our business primarily through Vimicro China, which is subject to PRC laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China and, in particular, laws applicable to wholly foreign owned companies.
The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have
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limited precedential value. Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign
investments in China. However, since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws,
regulations and rules involve uncertainties, which may limit the legal protections available to us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and management attention.
Our business benefits from certain tax incentives and government grants. Expiration or elimination of, or other adverse changes to, these tax
incentives or reductions of these grants could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
The PRC government has
provided various tax incentives to domestic companies in the semiconductor industry, including Vimicro China, in order to encourage development of the industry. Vimicro China has benefited from tax incentives provided by the PRC tax authorities in
the form of preferential tax treatment, reduced tax rates and tax credit, and has also received government research grants and other incentive measures. However, the PRC tax authorities could reduce or eliminate any or all of these tax incentives at
any time in the future.
In March 2007, the National Peoples Congress adopted the New Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the New EIT
Law, which became effective as of January 1, 2008. Under the New EIT Law, the enterprise income tax rate for domestic and foreign enterprises is unified at 25%, and enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 that were eligible
for preferential tax treatment according to the effective PRC EIT Law for Foreign Investment Enterprise and Foreign Enterprise tax laws and administrative regulations shall be subject to transitional rules to gradually change their rates to 25%.
Certain qualified high and new technology companies may be entitled to a 15% preferential tax rate if they meet the definition of qualified high and new technology enterprise strongly supported by the state set out in the
implementation rules of the New EIT Law. The implementation rules of the New EIT Law as well as a series of clarification rules were promulgated by the State Council and its competent authorities in December 2007 and early 2008. In accordance with
the implementation rules of the New EIT Law, the existing preferential tax treatments granted to PRC entities that previously qualified as a high and new technology enterprise will not automatically be applicable to these entities unless
they qualify as a high and new technology enterprise under the New EIT Law. Although based on the New EIT Law, implementation rules, as well as the administrative measures, Vimicro China believes that it will qualify as high and
new technology enterprise strongly supported by the State, Vimicro China will be subject to statutory tax rate of 25% until it receives official approval for the new status.
In addition, under the New EIT Law, a resident enterprise, which includes an enterprise established outside of China with effective
management located in China, will be subject to PRC income tax. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that we should be deemed a resident enterprise, then our global income will be subject to PRC income tax at a tax rate of 25%.
Furthermore, under the New EIT Law, dividends, interest, rent or royalties payable by a foreign investment enterprise to any of its foreign non-resident enterprise investors shall be subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless such foreign enterprise
investors jurisdiction of incorporation has signed a tax treaty or arrangement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income with China that provides for a reduced rate of withholding
tax. The subsequent circular issued in January 2008 stipulates that no income tax will be withheld on the distribution of earnings of foreign-invested enterprises where the relevant earnings were generated before January 1, 2008, but
distributed in 2008 and beyond. However, income tax withholding rate will be 10% or the lower treaty rate on earnings generated after December 31, 2007. Since the New Income Tax Law has only recently been adopted, there is uncertainly as
to how it should be interpreted or implemented. Any discontinuation of preferential tax treatment, any increase of the enterprise income tax rate applicable to Vimicro China, the imposition of PRC income tax on our global income could have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
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Furthermore, before April 1, 2005, we were entitled to an immediate rebate for the portion of
the value-added tax, or VAT, exceeding 3% of the selling price charged by Vimicro China to our customers in China. Since April 1, 2005, China revoked such VAT rebate. Although the adverse effect of this policy change on our operating
results is insignificant because most of our sales were conducted through Vimicro Hong Kong, any further reduction or elimination of any or all of the tax incentives or grants from the government currently provided to Vimicro China could have a
material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Vimicro China is subject to restrictions on paying dividends or making other distributions to us.
We are a holding company and we rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries, including Vimicro China for our cash needs, including the
funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, service any debt we may incur and pay our operating expenses. Regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as
determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. Vimicro China is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds, until the accumulated reserve fund exceeds
50% of its registered capital. These reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends. If our subsidiary in China incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make
other distributions to us.
Fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in Chinas political
and economic conditions. The conversion of RMB into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set by the Peoples Bank of China. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the
value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximately 11.9% appreciation
of the RMB against the U.S. dollar by the end of 2007. On May 19, 2007, the Peoples Bank of China announced a policy to expand the maximum daily floating range of RMB trading prices against the U.S. dollar in the inter-bank spot foreign
exchange market from 0.3% to 0.5%. While the international reactions to the RMB revaluation and widening of the RMBs daily trading band have generally been positive, with increased floating range of the RMBs value against foreign
currencies, the RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies in the long-term, depending on the fluctuation of the basket of currencies against which it is currently valued. In addition,
there remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar. A portion of our net revenue
and most of our operating expenses are denominated in RMB, while most of our revenue, cost of revenue and non-operating expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars and Hong Kong dollars, which are pegged to the U.S. dollar. We use the U.S. dollar as
the reporting currency for our financial statements. Fluctuations in exchange rates, primarily those involving the U.S. dollar, may affect our costs and operating margins as well as our net income and comprehensive income reported in U.S. dollars.
For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our initial public offering into RMB for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we receive from
the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have
a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.
Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our revenue
effectively.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the
remittance of currency out of China. We receive a portion of our revenue in RMB, which is currently not a freely convertible currency. Under our current structure, our income will be primarily derived from
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dividend payments from Vimicro China. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions,
interest payments and expenditures from the transaction, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval
from appropriate governmental authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted outside of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of bank loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government
may also, at its discretion, restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may
not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs. In addition, we cannot be certain that the PRC regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on RMB foreign exchange
transactions.
PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident
shareholders to personal liability and limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary, limit our subsidiarys ability to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.
SAFE issued a public notice known as Circular 75 in October 2005 requiring PRC residents to register with the local SAFE branch before
establishing or controlling any company outside of China for the purpose of capital financing, referred to in Circular 75 as a special purpose offshore company. Circular 75 became effective on November 1, 2005. Under Circular 75, if
an acquisition of a PRC company by a special purpose offshore company controlled by PRC residents occurred before November 1, 2005, such PRC residents were retroactively required to submit a registration form to the local SAFE branch to
register their ownership interests in the special-purpose offshore company before March 31, 2006.
We have notified beneficial owners
of our company who are PRC residents to register with the local SAFE branch as required under Circular 75. We understand that members of our senior management who are PRC residents have registered with the local SAFE branch. The failure or inability
of other beneficial owners of our company resident in the PRC to comply with the registration procedures set forth therein could subject such beneficial owners to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional
capital into our PRC subsidiary, limit our PRC subsidiarys ability to distribute profits to our company or otherwise adversely affect our business.
We face risks related to health epidemics and other outbreaks.
Our business could be adversely affected by the effect of
SARS, avian flu, or another epidemic or outbreak on the economic and business climate. Any prolonged recurrence of SARS, or outbreak of avian flu, or another epidemic in China may have a material adverse effect on our business operations, financial
condition and results of operations. For instance, health or other government regulations may require temporary closure of our offices, which will severely disrupt our business operations.
Risks Related to the Shares and ADSs
The market price for our
ADSs may be volatile.
The market price for our ADSs is likely to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to
factors including the following:
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actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results and changes or revisions of our expected results;
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changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;
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conditions in the PC camera and multimedia mobile phone markets;
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changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other semiconductor companies;
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announcements by us or our competitors of new products, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
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addition or departure of our key personnel;
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fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB, the U.S. dollar and the Hong Kong dollar;
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litigation related to our intellectual property;
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release or expiry of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding ordinary shares or ADSs; and
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sales or perceived potential sales of additional ordinary shares or ADSs.
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In addition, the securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating
performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also have a material adverse effect on the market price of our ADSs.
We may need
additional capital, and the sale of additional ADSs or other equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders.
We believe that our current cash, cash flow from operations and the proceeds from our initial public offering will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the foreseeable future. We may, however, require additional cash
resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If these resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity
or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in
operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure our existing shareholders that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Holders of our ADSs may not have the same voting rights as the holders of our ordinary shares and may not receive voting materials in time to be able to exercise
their right to vote.
Except as described in this annual report on Form 20-F and in the deposit agreement, holders of our ADSs will not
be able to exercise voting rights attaching to the shares evidenced by our ADSs on an individual basis. Holders of our ADSs will appoint the depositary or its nominee as their representative to exercise the voting rights attaching to the shares
represented by the ADSs. You may not receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote, and it is possible that you, or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to
exercise a right to vote.
Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings and you
may not receive cash dividends if it is impractical to make them available to you.
We may from time to time distribute rights to our
shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to you in the United States unless we register the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from
the registration requirements is available. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary bank will not make rights available to you unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ADS holders are either registered under the
Securities Act or exempt from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared
effective and we may not be able to establish a necessary exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings.
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The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the
custodian receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at
its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the
value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may decide not to distribute such property and you will not receive such distribution.
You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.
Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the
depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deem it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of
any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
Your ability to protect your rights
through the U.S. federal courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law, conduct a substantial portion of our operations in China and the majority of our directors and officers reside outside the United States.
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and conduct a substantial portion of our operations in China through Vimicro China. A
majority of our directors and officers reside outside the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United
States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of
whom are not residents in the United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce
judgments of U.S. courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state and it is uncertain whether such Cayman Islands or PRC courts would be competent to hear
original actions brought in the Cayman Islands or the PRC against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state.
You may face difficulties in protecting your interests as a shareholder, as Cayman Islands law provides significantly less protection to shareholders when compared to the laws of the U.S.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the Companies Law
(2004 Revision, as amended) and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands
law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which has
persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or
judicial precedents in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and provides significantly less protection to investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies
may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action before the federal courts of the United States. As a result, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in actions against the management,
directors or our major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States, and our ability to protect our interests if we are harmed in a manner that would otherwise enable us to sue in a United
States federal court may be limited.
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As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their
interests through actions against us or our management, directors or major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.
Our corporate actions are substantially controlled by our principal shareholders and affiliated entities.
As of December 31, 2007, our principal shareholders and their affiliated entities beneficially owned approximately 42% of our outstanding ordinary shares. These shareholders, if acting together, could exert substantial influence over
matters such as electing directors and approving material mergers, acquisitions or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership may also discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive
our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our ADSs. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders. In cases where their
interests are aligned and they vote together, these shareholders will also have the power to prevent or cause a change in control. In addition, these persons could divert business opportunities from us to themselves or others.
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History and development of the Company
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Our legal
and commercial name is Vimicro International Corporation. We commenced operations in 1999 through Vimicro China, a company established in China. In February 2004, we incorporated Vimicro International Corporation in the Cayman Islands as an exempted
company with limited liability under the Cayman Islands Company Law (2004 Revision, as amended). In May 2004, we underwent a corporate reorganization whereby all former owners of Vimicro China transferred their ownership interests in Vimicro
China to Vimicro International Corporation, and Vimicro China became a wholly owned subsidiary of Vimicro International Corporation. Following the share transfer, each former owner of Vimicro China and/or its designated nominee subscribed for the
shares of Vimicro International Corporation based on such former owners pro rata ownership interest in Vimicro China prior to the reorganization.
Vimicro China primarily conducts our research and development, marketing, finance and administrative activities. It currently has three directly wholly owned subsidiaries:
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Viewtel Corporation, which was incorporated in California in June 1999 to keep abreast with the latest technology developments in the U.S. and to maintain a small
team of engineers to conduct advanced research and development activities;
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Vimicro Hong Kong, which was established in Hong Kong in May 2002 to facilitate our sales activities and utilization of third-party foundries and assembly and
testing houses located in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong; and
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Vimicro Electronic Technology, which was established in Beijing in April 2007 as a limited liability company with an approved operating period of 20 years. In
December 2007, Vimicro Jiangsu, Vimicro Electronic Technologys wholly owned subsidiary in China was incorporated as a limited liability company with an approved operating period of 20 years. The main business activities of Vimicro Electronic
Technology and Vimicro Jiangsu are to engage in research and development.
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In September 2007, Vimicro Shanghai, our
wholly owned subsidiary in Shanghai, China was incorporated as a limited liability company with an approved operating period of 30 years. The main business activity of Vimicro Shanghai is to facilitate domestic sales and perform research and
development.
In November 2006, Vimicro Technology, our wholly owned subsidiary in China was incorporated as a limited liability company
with an approved operating period of 20 years. The main business activity of Vimicro Technology is to facilitate domestic sales and perform research and development.
In November 2005, we completed the initial public offering of our ADSs, each of which represents four ordinary shares, and listed our ADSs on the NASDAQ Global Market.
Our principal executive offices are located at 15/F Shining Tower, No. 35 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, Peoples Republic of
China. Our telephone number at this address is (8610) 6894-8888 and our fax number is (8610) 8233-5762. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Maples Corporate Services Limited, PO Box 309, Ugland House,
Grand Cayman, KY1-1104 Cayman Islands. Our telephone number at this address is (1-345) 949-8066. In addition, we have regional offices in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mountain View, California.
Overview
We are a fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops and markets mixed-signal semiconductor products and solutions that enable multimedia
capabilities in a variety of products for the consumer electronics and communications markets. Combining our multimedia systems experience with our skills in high performance, low-power, mixed-signal SoC design, we provide customers with
comprehensive, system-level solutions that include highly integrated semiconductors, customizable firmware and software, software development tools, reference designs and applications support. We conduct most of our operations in China. Although
there are uncertainties with respect to Chinas legal and regulatory environment, including its regulations and policies governing dividend distributions, taxes and foreign currency exchange, we believe that we benefit from our access to the
high-quality design talent, competitive cost structure, growing electronics design and manufacturing industry and increasingly significant domestic consumer electronics markets in China.
We are one of the leading suppliers of PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors in terms of the number of peripheral PC and embedded
notebook cameras shipped worldwide in 2007. Our multimedia processors are incorporated into the products of the largest PC and embedded notebook camera vendors, such as Logitech, as well as well-known notebook computer vendors, such as Lenovo. We
seek to establish a leading position in the mobile phone multimedia processor market by leveraging our core multimedia technology capabilities. Our mobile phone multimedia processors have been used by leading international and China-based mobile
phone brand owners, such as Samsung, LG, Bird, Lenovo Mobile, Pantech, UTStarcom, ZTE and Huawei, as well as leading mobile phone design houses based in China, including China Techfaith Wireless Communication Technology Limited, or China Techfaith,
CEC Wireless R&D Ltd., or CECW, and Yuhua Teltech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., or Yuhua. We intend to continue to identify and actively pursue additional markets which we believe have the potential for high volume sales of multimedia semiconductor
products, such as digital home entertainment systems.
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Founded in 1999, we began volume shipments of our mixed-signal PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia
processors and mobile phone multimedia processors in September 2001 and January 2003, respectively. We have grown significantly since we introduced our first mixed-signal multimedia products in September 2001. Our net revenue increased from US$95.3
million in 2005 to US$126.6 million in 2006 and decreased to US$92.8 million in 2007. Our net income amounted to US$16.4 million in 2005 and US$9.7 million in 2006. We incurred a net loss of US$2.0 million in 2007.
Our Solutions and Competitive Strengths
Our
solutions consist of semiconductors, software and system-level reference designs. We have designed our solutions to support a broad range of standards, baseband platforms and components in order to facilitate our customers designs, assembly
and supply chain management processes. We believe that our solutions, our location in China and our team of experienced managers and engineers provide us with a number of significant competitive strengths, including:
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Expertise in Mixed-Signal, System-on-Chip Design.
Integrating analog and digital circuits in a single semiconductor product is inherently difficult
due to noise interference and other technical challenges. Our experienced teams of mixed-signal design engineers are skilled in integrating a variety of multi-voltage, analog and digital functional building blocks in our SoC designs. Our analog
circuits include analog to digital conversion, or ADC, digital to analog conversion, or DAC, power supply management, power amplification and high speed bus physical interfaces. Our digital circuits include embedded memory, micro-controller,
embedded RISC CPU, DSP and dynamic power management. The high level of integration of our single-chip products delivers several benefits to our customers, including low power consumption, small size and cost effectiveness. All of our products are
implemented in standard CMOS processes and manufactured using leading-edge process technologies.
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Leading Design Capabilities in Audio, Imaging, Video and Communications Algorithms and Related Technologies.
Our teams of designers have experience in
multimedia systems and a variety of audio, imaging and video technologies, including leading industry standards and compression technologies such as WMA, AAC Plus, MIDI, MP3, MPEG4, H.264, real audio, AVS and JPEG. This enables us to integrate
multiple multimedia functions in a single semiconductor product. We have created sophisticated high performance signal processing algorithms for many stages of multimedia processing, including sampling, filtering, coding, decoding, synthesis,
compression, storage, playback, transmission and receiving (demodulation). Using these algorithms, our multimedia SoC solutions are able to perform image, video and audio DSP functions such as data recovery, signal quality enhancement, noise
reduction, sample rate conversion, auto exposure, white-balance and focus control, and video and audio signal reconstruction.
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Proprietary Technologies Enabling High Performance Signal Processing Capabilities.
Our mixed-signal multimedia processors enable high performance
real-time processing of large volumes of audio, image and video signal data. Our mixed-signal adaptable processor architecture incorporates circuitry that can be modified by software commands to permit different types of tasks to be performed by the
same processor. We believe that this architecture allows our products to achieve processing speed, signal quality and power consumption performance comparable to that obtained from competing fixed function hardware. However, unlike fixed function
hardware, which is suitable for single applications such as video processing, our products can support a variety of multimedia applications such as audio, video and imaging using a single processor. This allows us to achieve levels of integration
comparable to those offered by general-purpose semiconductor devices such as CPUs and baseband processors. Since our processors are designed solely for multimedia applications, rather than a broad spectrum of computing tasks, our processors avoid
the need for the complex control software used by CPUs and baseband processors, and can therefore offer significantly better processing speed, signal quality and power consumption performance.
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Application-Level Software Development Capabilities
. We seek to differentiate our products and speed our customers time-to-market through
developing application-level software capabilities. We work closely with other technology leaders to enable innovative multimedia applications through the integration of value-added software features.
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Extensive Network of Sales, Marketing and Customer Support Resources
. We have an extensive network of sales, marketing and customer support resources,
including offices in Silicon Valley, Taipei, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen. We have entered into distribution and support agreements with partners whom we have trained to support our products to cover additional areas such as Europe and Japan as
well as specific large customers in Korea and elsewhere. We maintain an extensive technical support team in Beijing and in other cities in China to provide high-quality, low-cost support services for our global sales force.
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Proximity to the Growing Electronics Design and Manufacturing Industry and Consumer Electronics Markets in China.
We market and sell our products and
solutions to an increasing number of companies in the electronics industry that have established design, manufacturing and assembly facilities in China. Our close proximity to these facilitates provides opportunities for efficient cooperation,
marketing, manufacturing improvements and after-sales support. In addition, domestic consumer demand for electronic devices has increased significantly as a result of the rapid growth in the Chinese economy, which in turn further boosts demand for
semiconductor products. We believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of the growth of the electronics design and manufacturing industry and consumer electronics markets in China.
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Ability to Benefit from Worldwide Sourcing of Semiconductor Design Talent
. Our management and engineering team leaders have significant international
experience that they have leveraged in guiding us to our current position as a leading fabless mixed-signal semiconductor design company. We believe that this has enabled us to attract skilled and experienced engineers in Silicon Valley and
elsewhere with expertise in mixed-signal design to support our growth and continued technology innovation. In addition, we believe this position gives us a competitive advantage in recruiting candidates from Chinas top universities. China has
established a significant educational system for advanced semiconductor design, and graduates a large number of advanced degree holders in engineering each year, creating a large pool of motivated and qualified candidates. As a result, we have been
consistently able to hire qualified engineering graduates at a competitive cost. Recruiting and retaining research and development talent comprises one of the most significant expenses for fabless semiconductor design companies. Our access to
high-quality, low-cost design talent in China provides us with a significant competitive advantage relative to semiconductor designers based in higher-cost areas.
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Products
Currently, we primarily design, develop and market mixed-signal multimedia processors for
PC and embedded notebook cameras, as well as for mobile phones. We provide our customers with comprehensive, system-level solutions that include highly integrated semiconductors, customizable firmware and software, software development tools,
reference designs and applications support. Our products support a broad range of standards, platforms and components in order to facilitate our customers designs and their assembly and supply chain management processes. To diversify our
product offerings, we have developed and begun to ship our first home TV camera product. To meet demand from China-based PC and embedded notebook camera manufacturers for more comprehensive system solutions to enable greater ease-of-use and
shortened time-to-market for their products, we frequently order image sensors based on our specifications from third-party sensor manufacturers and sell them together with our mixed-signal PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors.
25
PC and Embedded Notebook Camera Multimedia Processors
We design different models of PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors based on the same core technology platform with modifications in
successive models with improved performance and functionality. Our PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors are fully compatible with sensors that are based on CMOS or CCD technology, the two primary types of technology for sensors. All
of our PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors are single-chip processors manufactured under our own brand name using our proprietary intellectual property. While our principal focus is on providing our customers with proprietary, high
performance products, we also develop and sell a range of basic, complementary semiconductor products in order to provide more comprehensive solutions for our customers.
In early 2008, we launched the following new PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors and have begun volume shipment of these products.
|
|
|
|
|
Product
|
|
Features
|
|
Month Introduced(1)
|
VC0342
|
|
Controller chip for USB 2.0 PC Cameras with high resolution up to 2mega pixel; supports mono Audio ADC for high-quality audio recording; supports UVC and UAC; small footprint QFN package and
low power design best fit to embedded camera applications.
|
|
January 2008
|
|
|
|
VC0341
|
|
Controller chip for USB 2.0 PC Cameras with high resolution up to 2mega pixel; supports UVC; small footprint QFN package and low power design best fit to embedded camera
applications.
|
|
January 2008
|
(1)
|
Month introduced means the month during which we began shipments of the product.
|
The following table sets forth the major PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors which we have developed and shipped in volume from 2005 to
2007.
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|
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Product
|
|
Features
|
|
Month Introduced(1)
|
VC0301HUVC
|
|
Controller chip for USB 1.1/2.0 PC Cameras with high resolution up to 2mega pixel; supports UVC.
|
|
December 2007
|
|
|
|
VC0334
|
|
Controller chip for USB 2.0 PC Cameras with high resolution up to 2mega pixel; supports UVC; supports digital microphone input; small footprint QFN package best fit to embedded camera
applications.
|
|
September 2007
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|
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VC0333
|
|
Controller chip for USB 2.0 PC Cameras with high resolution up to 2mega pixel; supports UVC; small footprint QFN package best fit to embedded camera applications.
|
|
September 2007
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|
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VC0336
|
|
Controller chip for USB 1.1/2.0 PC Cameras with high resolution up to 5mega pixel; supports 2 Channel Audio ADC or 2 channel Digital Microphones for high-quality audio recording; supports UVC,
UAC and one Parallel and one SMIA sensor interface; supports Microsoft Microphone Array (dual Mic); supports Video & Audio Synchronization, special HW Compression for 2mega ~ 5mega high speed capture.
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|
April 2007
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|
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VC0301V
|
|
Controller chip for USB 1.1/2.0 PC Cameras with high resolution up to 2mega pixel; supports UVC.
|
|
March 2007
|
|
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|
VC0332
|
|
Controller chip for USB 1.1/2.0 PC Cameras with high resolution up to 2mega pixel; supports mono Audio ADC for high-quality audio recording; supports UVC and UAC.
|
|
February 2007
|
26
|
|
|
|
|
Product
|
|
Features
|
|
Month Introduced(1)
|
VC0331
|
|
Controller chip for USB 1.1/2.0 PC Cameras with high resolution up to 2mega pixel; supports UVC; small footprint QFN package best fit to embedded camera applications.
|
|
February 2007
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ZS0211
|
|
Cost-effective single-chip solution with an integrated USB controller and transceiver. Eliminates the need for external DRAM and reduces PC and embedded notebook camera bill of materials costs.
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September 2006
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|
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VC0326
|
|
High-speed imaging processor with 0.18µm technology for PC and embedded notebook cameras, supports a 1.3mega pixel CMOS sensor with a frame rate of up to 30 frames per second at VGA
resolution; integrates noise cancellation features, a USB 2.0 controller and transceiver, a JPEG codec, two channel audio ADC and an AC97 Interface; supports human face tracking applications.
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|
March 2006
|
|
|
|
VC0325
|
|
High-speed imaging processor with 0.18µm technology for PC and embedded notebook cameras; supports a 1.3mega pixel CMOS sensor with a frame rate of up to 30 frames per second at VGA
resolution; integrates a USB 2.0 controller and transceiver, a JPEG codec and an AC97 interface; supports human face tracking applications.
|
|
March 2006
|
|
|
|
VC0323
|
|
High-speed imaging processor with 0.18µm technology for PC and embedded notebook cameras; supports a 1.3mega pixel CMOS sensor with a frame rate of up to 30 frames per second at VGA
resolution; integrates a USB 2.0 controller and transceiver.
|
|
January 2006
|
|
|
|
VC0301PLH
|
|
High-speed single-chip processor supporting a frame rate of up to 30 frames per second at VGA resolution, with an integrated USB controller and transceiver.
|
|
February 2005
|
(1)
|
Month introduced means the month during which we began shipments of the product.
|
In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we shipped 22.5 million, 35.5 million and 31.4 million units, respectively, of PC and embedded notebook camera
multimedia processors. Our PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors have been incorporated into PC and embedded notebook cameras sold by leading PC and embedded notebook camera vendors, including Logitech, Sony and other major global
brands.
Mobile Phone Multimedia Processors
Our mobile phone multimedia processors are specifically designed to address the need for quality, low-power and cost-effective solutions for embedded cameras and video and audio functions in mobile phones. All of our
mobile phone multimedia processors are sold under our own brand name.
In the first half of 2008, we launched the following new mobile
phone multimedia processors and have begun volume shipment of these products.
|
|
|
|
|
Product
|
|
Features
|
|
Month Introduced(1)
|
VC0824
|
|
ARM926 based media player processor; supports HW video codec, JPEG encoder and decoder, MP3 playback, MPEG4 and h.264 playback, SD/MMC card support and NAND flash support.
|
|
May 2008
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27
|
|
|
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Product
|
|
Features
|
|
Month Introduced(1)
|
VC0578
|
|
Mobile camera processor with 0.13µm technology; integrates hardware JPEG codec, 5mega pixel camera processor, hardware MPEG4 codec, LCD controller, display scaler, power management
unit; provides a high-end camera solution for the feature-rich 2.5G and 3G handset market.
|
|
May 2008
|
|
|
|
VC0988
|
|
Mixed-signal single-chip mobile audio processor with 0.18µm technology; integrates hardwired MP3 decoder, 64-channel MIDI synthesizer, 10-band equalizer, stereo audio DAC, stereo
headphone amplifier, 8-bit MCU, FAT 12/16/32 file system, NAND flash controller and a SD/MMC card controller; provides a competitive solution for 2.5G and 3G music phones.
|
|
March 2008
|
|
|
|
Vinno III
|
|
ARM926EJ based applications processor; supports hardware video codec, hardware JPEG codec, MP3, AAC, WMA. 3mega pixel camera sensor interface, QVGA LCD display, USB 2.0, NAND flash interface,
SD/MMC/T-flash, built-in high performance stereo ADC and DAC, interfaces for Bluetooth, GPS, WiFi, analog TV out.
|
|
February 2008
|
(1)
|
Month introduced means the month during which we began shipments of the product.
|
The following table sets forth major mobile phone multimedia processors which we have developed and shipped in volume from 2005 to 2007.
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|
|
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Product
|
|
Features
|
|
Month Introduced(1)
|
VC0978
|
|
Mixed-signal single-chip mobile audio processor with 0.18µm technology; embedded with hardwired MP3 decoder, 64-channel MIDI synthesizer, 10-band equalizer, stereo audio DAC, stereo
headphone amplifier, mono speaker amplifier, 8-bit MCU, FAT 12/16/32 file system, Nandflash controller and a SD/MMC card controller; provides a competitive solution for 2.5G and 3G music phones.
|
|
March 2007
|
|
|
|
VC0548
|
|
Single-chip mobile camera processor with 0.13µm technology; integrates hardwired JPEG codec, 1.3mega pixel camera processor, LCD controller, scaler and power management unit; provides a
competitive camera solution for the feature-rich 2.5G handset market.
|
|
January 2007
|
|
|
|
VC0528
|
|
Single-chip mobile camera processor with 0.13µm technology; integrates hardwired JPEG codec, 0.3mega pixel camera processor, LCD controller, scaler and power management unit; provides a
competitive camera solution for the feature-rich 2.5G handset market.
|
|
January 2007
|
|
|
|
Vinno II
|
|
Single-chip mobile multimedia processor with 0.13µm technology; supports a FAT 12/16/32 file system; powered by an embedded microprocessor core with low-power consumption; integrates a
MPEG4 codec, a H.264 codec, a 2mega pixel camera processor, an AMR codec, an MP3 decoder, an AAC/AAC+ decoder, a WMA decoder, a MIDI synthesizer and a game engine; provides a complete solution for the feature-rich 2.5G handset market; also supports
video conferencing for 3G phones.
|
|
March 2006
|
28
|
|
|
|
|
Product
|
|
Features
|
|
Month Introduced(1)
|
Vinno I
|
|
Mixed-signal single-chip mobile multimedia processor with 0.18µm technology; embedded with 1.3mega pixel camera processor; integrates a JPEG codec, an ISP (Image Signal Processor), a
LCD controller, an MP3 decoder, a 64-channel MIDI synthesizer, a 3D-sound processor, a 10-band equalizer, a stereo audio speaker/headphone amplifier, a stereo voice ADC, an 8-bit MCU, a FAT 12/16 file system, a flash controller and a SD/MMC card
controller; provides a competitive solution for 2.5G and 3G phones.
|
|
March 2006
|
|
|
|
VC0968
|
|
High-speed integrated mixed-signal mobile audio processor with 0.18µm technology; integrates a FAT 16/32 file system storage, an MP3 decoder, a 64-polyphony MIDI synthesizer, an
IMA-ADPCM decoder and 2-channel ADCs, DACs and power amplifiers; also integrates a SD/MMC/T-flash and NAND flash interfaces; provides mobile audio center functionalities; supports transfer of audio data from PC or other devices via USB 2.0 and
SD/MMC card memory interface; enables high-fidelity music and 3D virtual sound effects; supports recording and playback of phone conversations, answering machine messages and MMS/voice mail with musical background features; enables digital rights
management, or DRM, protection of music content through an integrated advanced encryption standard decryption engine.
|
|
December 2005
|
|
|
|
VC0927
|
|
Mobile audio processor with 0.18µm technology; integrates 64-polyphony wavetable MIDI synthesizer; supports playback of MIDI ringtones in various formats, including SMF, SP-MIDI, VMD, and
i-Melody, as well as playback of real-time audio streams in ADPCM format; offers several additional features, such as user-defined musical instruments, user-defined sound effects, rhythm vibration, pulsating RGB color LED and caller ID; supports
hands-free operations, media playback on stereo headphones and karaoke functions.
|
|
September 2005
|
|
|
|
VC0917
|
|
Mobile audio processor with 0.18µm technology; integrates 40-polyphony wavetable MIDI synthesizer; supports playback of MIDI ringtones in various formats, including SMF, SP-MIDI, VMD and
i-Melody, as well as playback of real-time audio streams in ADPCM format; offers several unique features, such as user-defined sound effect, rhythm vibration, pulsating RGB color LED and caller ID; supports hands-free operations, media playback over
stereo headphones and karaoke functions.
|
|
September 2005
|
|
|
|
VC0937
|
|
Mobile audio processor supporting a range of audio applications including MP3 playback, Hi-Fi ringtone, polyphonic ringtone, game background music and streaming audio playback.
|
|
May 2005
|
|
|
|
VC0568
|
|
1.3mega-pixel camera controller chip enabling real-time capture and display of video and still images; supports 16x digital zoom, with pan functions, overlay and alpha-blending functions between
cameras video stream and host CPUs graphics; includes 384KB of embedded SRAM and an integrated graphics engine delivering graphics acceleration.
|
|
April 2005
|
29
|
|
|
|
|
Product
|
|
Features
|
|
Month Introduced(1)
|
VC0938
|
|
Low-power single-chip mobile audio processor supporting a range of applications such as MP3 playback, Hi-Fi ringtone, polyphonic ringtone, game background music and streaming audio playback.
|
|
February 2005
|
(1)
|
Month introduced means the month during which we began shipments of the product.
|
In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we shipped approximately 10.7 million, 18.6 million and 18.2 million units, respectively, of mobile phone
multimedia processors. Our mobile phone multimedia processors have been used by leading international and China-based mobile phone brand owners, such as Samsung, LG, Bird, Lenovo Mobile, Pantech, UTStarcom, ZTE and Huawei, as well as leading mobile
phone design houses based in China, including China Techfaith, CECW and Yuhua.
Home TV Cameras
In June 2006, we introduced the VC0702, a home TV camera controller chip that can be used for both NTSC and PAL system display devices. VC0702 has been
applied to home surveillance systems, automobile rear-view systems and video door phone systems, etc.
In September 2007, we introduced the
VC0703, a home TV camera controller chip that can be used for both NTSC and PAL system display devices. VC0703 has all the features of VC0702, and adds extra support for high frame rate (60fps), temporal noise filtering, serial output and OSD.
The following table sets forth the features of our VC0702 and VC0703 multimedia processors.
|
|
|
|
|
Product
|
|
Features
|
|
Month Introduced(1)
|
VC0703
|
|
High performance video camera processor designed for applications that require high frame rate, low image noise, small package, low voltage and low power consumption; supports various video
outputs, such as interlaced/progressive PAL/NTSC composite video output, RGB/YCbCr component video output and S-Video output; supports OSD.
|
|
September 2007
|
|
|
|
VC0702
|
|
High performance video camera processor designed for applications that require small package, low voltage and low power consumption; supports various video outputs, such as
interlaced/progressive PAL/NTSC composite video output, RGB/YCbCr component video output and S-Video output.
|
|
June 2006
|
(1)
|
Month introduced means the month during which we began shipments of the product.
|
In 2006 and 2007, we shipped approximately 530,000 units and 1.5 million units, respectively, of home TV camera multimedia processors.
Other Products
In order to meet demand
from many of our China-based PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processor customers for more comprehensive solutions, we frequently order image sensors based on our specifications from third-party sensor manufacturers and bundle them
together with our mixed-signal PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors. Historically, we developed and sold proprietary VXP solutions to affiliates of China Telecom and China Netcom to help them promote broadband services to end users.
We have also developed and sold proprietary IP camera solutions to affiliates of China Telecom and China
30
Netcom to help them promote surveillance services to end users over broadband networks. We are also developing and selling mixed-signal power management
chips as part of our SoC and system solutions. In 2006 and 2007, we shipped 159.7 million units and 191.2 million units of our power management chips, respectively.
Technology
We have developed a broad portfolio of technologies to support multiple functions that
are required for multimedia semiconductor solutions. Our products integrate multiple multimedia applications, numerous industry-standard formats, advanced input/output capabilities, analog functions, on-chip memory, complex algorithms to provide
high-quality still picture, video and audio and are architected to provide efficient use of silicon. Although many functions in multimedia are standards-based, we provide multimedia signal processing that exceeds quality levels required by several
important standards to differentiate our customers products in the market. We have established a rigorous design process to support the integration of numerous functional blocks into a low-cost single-chip product on a rapid time-to-market
schedule. This process enables us to support advanced standards and quickly improve feature-sets to support our customers rapid product release cycles. The following paragraphs outline our portfolio of core technologies and describe our
mixed-signal design methodology.
Multimedia SoC Design and Video, Imaging, Audio, Graphic, and Communications Technologies
Our teams of designers have experience in multimedia systems and a variety of audio, imaging and video technologies, including leading industry standards
and compression technologies such as MIDI, MP3, MPEG and JPEG. This enables us to integrate multiple multimedia functions in a single semiconductor product. We have created sophisticated high performance signal processing algorithms for many stages
of multimedia processing, including sampling, filtering, coding and decoding, synthesis, compression, storage, playback, transmission and receiving (demodulation).
|
|
|
Video.
We possess a broad portfolio of video technologies to support leading industry standards and compression technologies, such as JPEG, MPEG2, MPEG4, AVS
and H.264. In addition, we have developed a variety of technologies to provide high video quality and differentiated features, including interlaced to progressive and progressive to interlaced, audio video synchronization, noise reduction,
resolution enhancement, sample rate conversion, scaling, auto focus, face tracking algorithms and signal reconstruction.
|
|
|
|
Imaging.
We have developed a number of image processing algorithm technologies to provide high-quality imaging capabilities in our products. Such
technologies include color interpolation, color space conversion and correction, white balance, noise reduction, auto exposure, focus control, resolution enhancement, signal quality enhancement, contrast enhancement and dead pixel detection and
correction technologies.
|
|
|
|
Audio.
We have developed a broad portfolio of audio technologies to support leading industry standards and compression technologies such as MIDI, MP3, WMA,
AAC, AMR and our proprietary versatile multimedia data (VMD). We have developed several audio processing algorithms and other capabilities to provide a superior aural experience to end users and differentiate our customers products in the
market, including wave engine, wave engine codec, surround sound audio, 3D audio, noise cancellation, echo cancellation and all-digital amplifier technologies.
|
|
|
|
Graphics.
To support graphics capabilities for gaming and other applications in mobile devices, we have developed a number of graphics signal processing
capabilities, including support for low power 2D and 3D graphics such as drawing polygons, mobile flash and java.
|
Analog and
Digital Integration
Integrating analog and digital circuits in a single semiconductor product is inherently difficult due to noise
interference and other problems. We are experienced in the design of high performance analog and mixed-signal
31
circuitry using CMOS standard process technology, allowing integration of analog and digital functions in our single-chip solutions to achieve lower power,
lower cost and more compact products. Our analog and power management circuits include ADC, DAC, power supply management, power amplification and high speed bus physical interfaces.
Embedded DSP and Multimedia Signal Processing Algorithms
To support the development of highly
integrated multimedia SoCs incorporating multiple multimedia capabilities, we have developed adaptable processor architecture. The processor can be modified by software commands to reconfigure it in an optimal manner for the processing of
different types of tasks such as audio, video, imaging and graphics processing. We believe that this architecture allows our products to achieve processing speed, signal quality and power consumption performance comparable to that obtained from
competing fixed function hardware that is suitable for a single application such as video processing. Since our processors are designed solely for multimedia applications, rather than a broad spectrum of computing tasks, our processors avoid the
need for the complex and power inefficient control and processing software used by general purpose CPUs and baseband processors, and can therefore offer significantly better processing speed, signal quality and power consumption performance than
those general-purpose processors.
Design Methodology
Multimedia SoC design usually requires integration of each of the aforementioned technological capabilities into a single chip on a rapid product design cycle. We use a number of industry leading standard and
proprietary CAD and design methodologies to accomplish this. Our design methodologies in algorithms, software and hardware co-design enables integration of multimedia signal processing algorithms with mixed-signal design to ensure that our
algorithms are optimized for efficient silicon implementation and high yield manufacturing. To meet stringent time-to-market requirements and rapid product cycles of multimedia semiconductor design, we have developed a methodology based on software
simulation, hardware simulation, single and multi-FPGA emulation, software-hardware co-simulation, processor based software-hardware co-emulation and digital and analog co-simulation. In addition, we have developed proprietary multimedia
mixed-signal development platforms for system-level integration at the customer site.
Customers
Many of the leading brand owners in our target markets use ODMs, which are companies that specialize in the design and manufacture of products for brand
owners. Accordingly, a significant portion of our revenue is derived from our sales to ODMs, who incorporate our multimedia processors into end products that they supply to brand owners. Our major ODM customers include Akkord and Serome Electronics
Inc. We also sell our products to distributors, to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, who incorporate our multimedia processors in their end products, and to design houses and module manufacturers. In most cases, we ship products to and
receive payments directly from distributors and ODMs rather than brand owners for whom the ODMs design and manufacture products. As a result, we do not always have the ability to confirm directly with brand owners that our multimedia processors are
incorporated in their end products.
32
The following is a list of our representative customers in the PC and embedded notebook camera and mobile
phone multimedia processor markets during 2007.
|
|
|
Market
|
|
Customers
|
PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors
|
|
Logitech Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.
HanVision
Electronics Co., Ltd.
Polar Star International Co., Ltd.
Fuwei
Technology Co., Ltd.
Di An Jie Technology Co., Ltd.
Tomen
Electronics Corporation
Tuoye Co., Ltd.
|
|
|
Mobile phone multimedia processors
|
|
Polar Star International Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Xingma
Trade Business
Di An Jie Technology Co., Ltd
Huawei Tech
Investment Co., Ltd.
|
A small number of customers have historically accounted for a substantial portion of our net
revenue. In 2007, our top five and top ten customers collectively accounted for approximately 48% and 69%, respectively, of our net revenue for the year. Hongtaili and Nanxiang, our major China-based distributors, contributed 22% and 9%,
respectively, of our net revenue in 2007. As we expand our mobile phone multimedia processor business, our overall customer composition as well as the identity and concentration of our top customers are expected to change from period to period.
Sales and Marketing
Our marketing
staff works closely with our research and development staff and our customers to develop demand for our products. In designing products, we aim to anticipate our customers needs and to meet their increasingly complex and specific design
requirements. We also strive to design products that will achieve broad market acceptance and generate widespread end user demand, including demand for follow-on and derivative products using our solutions. Our time-to-market typically ranges from
three to six months for our PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors and six to nine months for our mobile phone multimedia processors, and may be significantly longer for first-time customers.
We sell our products through both our direct sales force and distributors. Our direct sales staff is located in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Taipei,
covering major regional markets in mainland China, Taiwan and Korea. Our direct sales staff includes trained field application engineers who assist our customers in designing, testing and qualifying their devices that incorporate our products. Our
network of authorized distributors and representatives also play important roles in our sales, in particular in the Taiwanese, South Korean and Japanese markets, where many of our principal customers are located. We intend to open new sales offices
in South Korea and expand our sales and marketing network to develop new customers in Asia. Our sales are made primarily pursuant to individual purchase orders rather than long-term commitments. Because industry practice allows customers to
reschedule or cancel orders on relatively short notice, we believe that our backlog is not a good indicator of our future sales.
The
following table summarizes information regarding the regions where we derived revenues from our customers for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31,
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in US$ thousands)
|
Revenue distribution:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mainland China
|
|
5,567
|
|
5,528
|
|
2,423
|
Hong Kong
|
|
89,710
|
|
121,036
|
|
90,330
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net revenue
|
|
95,277
|
|
126,564
|
|
92,753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33
Substantially all of our customers are based in Asia. We anticipate that most of our revenues will
continue to be derived from sales to our customers in Asia. However, we believe that a significant number of PC and embedded notebook cameras and mobile phones designed and manufactured by our customers are sold to end users outside of the
Asia-Pacific region. We generally collect payments from customers shortly before delivering our products. We also offer credit terms to attract and retain large customers.
We engage in marketing activities such as attending conferences and exhibitions and participating in industry specific organizations to promote our
products and brand name. We were a founding member of MMTA, which was established in October 2004 by leading participants in Chinas telecommunication industry, such as China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, China Netcom, Huawei and ZTE, to
promote domestic and international technical innovation and standards and to promote 3G applications in China. MMTA has established a number of key working groups focusing on developing and promoting industry standards in areas such as streaming
technology, mobile TV, DRM and mobile surveillance. In 2007, we became a communication member of National Technical Committee 100 on Security & Protection Alarm Systems of Standardization Administration of China, or SAC/TC100. SAC/TC100 was
established and authorized by Standardization Administration of the Peoples Republic of China in 1987 and charged with the responsibilities of formulating and modifying the unified national and industry standards in the fields of security and
protection, and interfacing with International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee 79, or IEC/TC79. We believe that these activities have been instrumental in promoting our products and brand name among key industry participants.
Manufacturing
We develop our
proprietary designs and provide them to third-party foundries to produce silicon wafers for our multimedia processors. By utilizing third-party foundries to produce silicon wafers for our multimedia processors, we are able to focus more of our
resources on product design and eliminate the high cost of building and operating advanced semiconductor fabrication facilities. The bulk of our multimedia processors are manufactured with 0.18 micron and 0.09 micron CMOS process technologies. We
are developing new products that will be manufactured using even more advanced 90 nanometer CMOS process technology.
We periodically
negotiate with these third-party foundries to establish price, volume, timing and other terms. We work closely with these foundries in order to achieve high manufacturing yields in the fabrication process, which is an important aspect of our
cost containment efforts.
We have developed our own automatic testing process for mixed-signal semiconductors and outsource most of our
assembly and testing requirements to ASE and the remainder to ASAT. We have also designed and incorporated on-chip test circuits into some of our multimedia processor products. We use standard, readily available packages for all of our products. We
currently meet our entire mixed-signal semiconductor testing requirements through the use of logic testing equipment. For cost reduction purposes, we continue to evaluate the relative costs and benefits of outsourcing the testing of our mixed-signal
semiconductors.
Quality Assurance
We
focus on product quality through all stages of the design and manufacturing process. Our designs are subject to extensive circuit simulation before being committed to test manufacture. In an effort to reduce production cost, we commit a new product
to volume production only after sample wafers are fabricated and sample processors are manufactured, packaged and tested. We qualify each of the foundries and assembly and testing companies we use through a series of industry standard product stress
tests, as well as an audit and an analysis of their quality assurance system and, in the case of foundries, their manufacturing capability. We also monitor quality and reliability throughout the production cycle by reviewing electrical parametric
data from these foundries and assembly and testing companies. We closely monitor foundry production for consistent quality and reliability. We have been certified with ISO 9001 for quality system.
34
Intellectual Property
We design substantially all of our multimedia processors in-house and rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements and licensing arrangement to protect our
intellectual property. As of December 31, 2007, we owned 196 patents in China and had 566 pending patent applications in China, 41 pending patent applications in the United States, seven pending patent applications in Taiwan, three pending
patent applications in Japan and three pending patent applications in Korea. Our issued patents and pending patent applications relate primarily to technology we developed for our multimedia processors. We cannot assure you that any patent will be
issued as a result of our applications or, if issued, that it will sufficiently protect our intellectual property rights.
As of
December 31, 2007, we registered 62 trademarks in China, including a trademark that incorporates our English name Vimicro. We have registered our domain name
www.vimicro.com
with ChinaDNS.
Competition
The multimedia processor semiconductor
industry is highly competitive and dynamic and is characterized by rapid technological changes, evolving industry standards, price reductions and rapid product obsolescence. Our ability to compete effectively depends on defining, designing and
regularly introducing new products that meet or anticipate the design needs of our customers next generation products and applications. We face competition from various companies, including certain of our customers.
In the PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processor market, we face competition primarily from ALi Corporation, EMPIA Technology, Sonix
Technology and Sunplus Technology, as well as from large, diversified semiconductor vendors such as Philips.
In the mobile phone
multimedia processor market, we compete with vendors of audio processors and vendors of image, video and graphic processors. Vendors of audio processors include NEC Electronics, Oki Electric, Rohm, Sunplus Technology, Winbond Electronics Corp. and
Yamaha. Vendors of image, video and graphic processors include ATI Technologies, CoreLogic, MtekVision, Nvidia, Sanyo, Seiko Epson and Sunplus Technology. In addition, we also compete with established suppliers of semiconductor solutions to mobile
phone manufacturers, which may be in a position to bundle or integrate multimedia processing functionality with their existing products. These suppliers include Analog Devices, Broadcom, Freescale, Infineon, Intel, Mediatek, NEC Electronics,
Philips, QUALCOMM, STMicroelectronics and Texas Instruments.
The most significant factors that affect our competitiveness are:
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the performance and cost effectiveness of our products relative to those of our competitors products;
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the level of integration and power efficiency of our products;
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the quality and reliability of our products;
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our ability to deliver products in required volumes, on a timely basis and at a competitive price;
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our ability to rapidly introduce new products to market; and
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our customer support capabilities.
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We believe we compete favorably on the basis of these factors. However, many of our existing and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, sales and other resources than we do. We
cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against our current or future competitors.
35
REGULATION
The semiconductor industry in China is subject to substantial regulation. This section summarizes the most significant PRC regulations governing our business in China.
Regulations and Policies that Encourage the Development of Semiconductor Design Companies
On
June 24, 2000, the State Council promulgated the Several Policies to Encourage the Development of the Software and Integrated Circuit Industry, or the IC Policies. The IC Policies set forth preferential policies on investment, financing, tax,
industrial process, technology, income distribution and export-related matters concerning integrated circuit design enterprises, or ICDEs. On the basis of the IC Polices, on October 10, 2002, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration
of Taxation, or the SAT, jointly issued the Notice on Relevant Taxation Policy Issues Concerning the Further Development of the Software and the Integrated Circuit Industries, or the IC Notice, which further specifies the tax treatment afforded to
ICDEs. On October 21, 2005, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Information Industry (which has been reorganized into the Ministry of Industry and Information), or MII, SAT and the General Administration of Customs
jointly promulgated the Measures for the Determination of the Integrated Circuit Enterprises Encouraged by the State (for trial implementation), or the Measures. Under the Measures, an integrated circuit enterprise is defined as an entity with
independent legal person status established within China and engaged in the manufacturing, assembly, and testing of integrated circuit chips or manufacturing of six-inch or over six-inch monocrystalline silicon material. The definition excludes
integrated circuit design enterprises. To apply for the preferential policies, an integrated circuit enterprise must have complied with relevant tax regulations and must meet certain other qualifications.
We conduct our integrated circuit design in China through Vimicro China, which holds an ICDE approval from MII and is eligible for preferential tax
treatment under PRC laws relating to ICDEs as described below.
Accreditation of ICDEs
Only duly accredited ICDEs may qualify for preferential industrial policies. Pursuant to a policy entitled Administration of the Accreditation of
Integrated Circuit Design Enterprises and Products Procedures, jointly issued by MII and the SAT, on March 7, 2002, in order to obtain accreditation, an ICDE must (i) be a legally established enterprise whose principal business is
semiconductor design; (ii) possess adequate production and quality assurance capabilities; and (iii) generate at least 30% of its total annual revenue from the design of semiconductor products. MII has designated the China Semiconductor
Industry Association to conduct the accreditation of ICDEs.
Encouragement of Foreign Investment in ICDEs
Pursuant to the IC Policies and the Guideline Catalogue of Foreign Investment Industries jointly promulgated by the National Development and Reform
Commission and the Ministry of Commerce on November 30, 2004 and the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (amended in 2007), which became effective on December 1st, 2007, semiconductor design is among the industries
in which foreign investment is encouraged by the Chinese government.
Preferential Taxation Policies
Under the IC Policies and the IC Notice, ICDEs are treated as software enterprises for purposes of tax treatment.
Preferential Value-added Tax Policy.
Under the IC Notice, from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2010, IC sales are subject to a VAT levy
of 17%. A China-based company was entitled to an immediate refund for any portion of the VAT exceeding 3% of the selling price charged by the China-based company for its sales to
36
customers in China. The China-based company must use the tax refund for the research and development of semiconductors or to increase production. However,
pursuant to the Notice on the Elimination of the Value-Added Tax Rebates Policy on Integrated Circuits, effective April 1, 2005, such refund is no longer available to ICDEs.
Exemption of Customs Duties and Import-related Value-added Tax.
Under the IC Policies, an ICDE does not need to pay customs duty or import-related
VAT on any imported equipment necessary for its own use or any technology, ancillary parts and spare parts that are included in the contract for the equipment. The exemptions from customs duty and import-related VAT do not apply to equipment,
technology and parts that are listed on the Catalogue of Imported Commodities for Foreign Investment Projects Not Subject to Tax Exemptions and the Catalogue of Imported Commodities for Domestic Investment Projects Not Subject to Tax Exemptions.
An ICDE may manufacture its self-designed semiconductors overseas if it is not able to manufacture them in China. Pursuant to a notice
jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and the SAT on August 31, 2004, effective October 1, 2004, the import-linked VAT levied on these semiconductors is set at 17%.
Promulgation of PRC New Income Tax Law.
In March 2007, the National Peoples Congress adopted the New Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the New
EIT Law, which became effective as of January 1, 2008. Under the New EIT Law, the enterprise income tax rate for domestic and foreign enterprises is unified at 25%, and enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 that were eligible for
preferential tax treatment according to the effective PRC EIT Law for Foreign Investment Enterprise and Foreign Enterprise tax laws and administrative regulations shall be subject to transitional rules to gradually change their rates to 25%. Certain
qualified high and new technology companies may be entitled to a 15% preferential tax rate if they meet the definition of qualified high and new technology enterprise strongly supported by the state set out in the
implementation rules of the New EIT Law. The implementation rules of the New EIT Law as well as a series of clarification rules were promulgated by the State Council and its competent authorities in December 2007 and early 2008. In accordance with
the implementation rules of the New EIT Law, the existing preferential tax treatments granted to PRC entities that previously qualified as a high and new technology enterprise will not automatically be applicable to these entities unless
they qualify as a high and new technology enterprise under the New EIT Law. Although based on the New EIT Law, implementation rules, as well as the administrative measures, Vimicro China believes that it will qualify as high and
new technology enterprise strongly supported by the State, Vimicro China will be subject to statutory tax rate of 25% until it receives official approval for the new status.
Intellectual Property Protection for Semiconductors
China has adopted legislation related to
intellectual property rights, including trademarks, patents and copyrights. China is a signatory to the main international conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights upon its accession to the World Trade Organization, in December 2001. Set forth below are major PRC laws and international treaties effective in China protecting intellectual property rights in semiconductors:
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the
Patent Law of the Peoples Republic of China
, revised at the seventh meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National Peoples Congress
of the Peoples Republic of China on August 25, 2000 and the revised Implementing Regulations issued by the State Council on June 15, 2001, effective July 1, 2001;
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the
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
of the World Intellectual Property Organization, of which China became a member state on
March 19, 1985;
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the
Patent Cooperation Treaty
, of which China became a member state on January 1, 1994;
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the
General Principles of the Civil Law of the Peoples Republic of China
adopted at the fourth session of the Sixth National Peoples Congress of
the Peoples Republic of China on April 12, 1986, effective January 1, 1987. In this legislation, intellectual property rights were defined in Chinas basic civil law for the first time as the civil rights of citizens
and legal persons;
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the
Regulations for the Protection of the Layout Design of Integrated Circuits
, or the Layout Design Regulations, adopted March 28, 2001 at the
36th session of the executive meeting of the State Council, effective October 1, 2001;
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the
Washington Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of ICs
of the World Intellectual Property Organization, of which China was among the first
signatory states in 1990;
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the
Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Scientific and Technological Progress
was amended and adopted at the 31st Session of the Standing Committee
of the Tenth National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China on December 29, 2007. The amended Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Scientific and Technological Progress shall become effective as of
July 1, 2008;
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the
Property Law of the Peoples Republic of China,
which was adopted at the fifth session of the Tenth National Peoples Congress of the
Peoples Republic of China on March 16, 2007, is promulgated for effect as of October 1, 2007; and
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the
Opinions of the Supreme Peoples Court on Comprehensively Strengthening the Trial System Involving Intellectual Property Rights Litigation to Provide
Judicial protection for the Construction of an Innovative Country
, which was circulated in January 11, 2007. The Supreme Court sought to provide powerful judicial protection of intellectual property rights involving patent, integrated
circuit lay-out design, etc. in this circulation.
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Protection of Semiconductors under the Patent Law of the Peoples Republic
of China
In China, the semiconductor is the patentable subject matter and protected under Chinese patent laws.
Under Protection of Semiconductors under the Patent Law of the Peoples Republic of China, or the Patent Law, the holder of a patent has an
exclusive right to the invention. The holder of a patent has the right to prevent a third party without authorization, from making, manufacturing, using, or selling the invention for the duration of the patent. The term of a patent on an invention
is valid for 20 years from the day on which the application is filed under the Patent Law.
The State Intellectual Property Office in China
accepts applications for the protections of invention, carries out examination of patent applications and grants patents.
Protection of Integrated
Circuit Layout Design
Under the Layout Design Regulations, an integrated circuit layout design is defined as a three-dimensional
configuration of a semiconductor circuit that has two or more components, at least one of which is an active component, and part or all of the interconnected circuitry or the three-dimensional configuration has been prepared for the production of
semiconductor circuits.
The following persons and entities can hold proprietary rights in the layout designs that they create:
(i) PRC natural persons, legal persons or other organizations; (ii) foreign persons or companies who are creators of an integrated circuit layout design and whose layout designs are first commercially used in China; and (iii) foreign
persons or companies from a country that either has an agreement with China concerning the protection of layout designs or is a signatory to an international treaty concerning the protection of layout designs to which China is also a signatory.
A holder of proprietary rights in a layout design may:
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duplicate the entire protected layout design or any part of the original design; and
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use the protected layout design, the integrated circuit containing the layout design or commodities containing the integrated circuit commercially.
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The proprietary rights are valid after the layout design is registered with the State Intellectual
Property Office in China.
Proprietary rights in a layout design are granted for ten years, commencing from the earlier of the date of the
application for registration of the layout design or the first date of its commercial use anywhere in the world. However, a layout design is not entitled to any protection beyond 15 years from the time of its creation, regardless of when the layout
design is registered or put into commercial use. The holder of the proprietary rights may transfer those rights to another party or grant permission for use of the design.
Registration of a Layout Design
The State Intellectual Property Office in China decides on
applications for registration of layout designs. An application must be made within two years of the design being put in commercial use anywhere in the world, or the application will be rejected.
Compulsory Licenses for Exploitation of Patents in Respect of Semiconductor Technology
Under the Patent Law and the Implementing Regulations of the Patent Law, a company may request the State Intellectual Property Office to grant a
compulsory license to use the patent if: (i) three years have passed from the date of granting an invention patent or a utility model patent; and (ii) the company has been unsuccessful in obtaining a license from the holder of the rights
despite good faith attempts to obtain the license. A compulsory license for the use of a semiconductor technology patent is restricted to public and non-commercial uses, or to uses that counter anti-competitive actions, as determined by judicial or
administrative procedures.
Under the Layout Design Regulations, the intellectual property administration department of the State Counsel
may grant a non-voluntary license to use a layout design in the event of a national emergency or any extraordinary state of affairs, where public interest so requires, or where the holder is engaging in unfair competition, as determined by a court
or the supervision and inspection against unfair competition department of the State Council. The scope and duration of the license will be determined in accordance with the reasons justifying the grant. The scope shall be limited to non-commercial
use for public purposes, or to remedy the holders unfair competitive actions as determined by a court or the supervision and inspection against unfair competition department.
Regulations on Foreign Exchange
Foreign exchange regulation in China is primarily governed by the
following rules:
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Foreign Currency Administration Rules (1996), as amended, or the Exchange Rules; and
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Administration Rules of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange (1996), or the Administration Rules.
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Under the Exchange Rules, the RMB is convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and
service-related foreign exchange transactions. Conversion of RMB for capital account items, such as direct investment, loan, security investment and repatriation of investment, however, is still subject to the approval of the SAFE or its local
branch.
Under the Administration Rules, foreign-invested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies at those banks
authorized to conduct foreign exchange business after providing valid commercial documents and, in the case of capital account item transactions, obtaining approval from the SAFE. Capital investments by foreign-invested enterprises outside of China
are also subject to limitations, which include approvals by the Ministry of Commerce, the SAFE and the State Development and Reform Commission.
39
Regulations on Dividend Distribution
The principal regulations governing dividend distributions of wholly foreign-owned companies include:
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Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and
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Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law Implementing Rules (1990), as amended.
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Under these regulations, wholly foreign-owned companies in the PRC may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits as determined in accordance
with PRC accounting standards. In addition, these wholly foreign-owned companies are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds, until the accumulative amount of such
fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. At the discretion of these wholly foreign-owned companies, they may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserve funds and
staff welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
In addition, under SAFEs Circular 75, which became effective
on November 1, 2005, PRC subsidiaries of offshore parent companies may be prohibited from making distributions of profits to their offshore parent companies or paying the offshore parent companies proceeds from any reduction in capital, share
transfer or liquidation, unless PRC shareholders with a direct or indirect stake in such offshore parent companies make the required SAFE registrations.
SAFE Registration Relating to the Establishment of Offshore Special Purpose Companies and Round-trip Investment by PRC Residents
Under Circular 75, if an acquisition of a PRC company by a special purpose offshore company controlled by PRC residents occurred before November 1, 2005, such PRC residents were required to retroactively submit a registration form to
the local SAFE branch to register their ownership interests in the special purpose offshore company before March 31, 2006. Such PRC residents must also amend such registration form if there is a material event affecting the offshore company,
such as, among other things, a change to the companys share capital, a transfer of shares or if the company is involved in a merger, an acquisition or a spin-off transaction or provides guarantees to other entities.
In accordance with Circular 75, failure to register with the SAFE could subject such PRC residents to personal liability, and may also limit our ability
to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiary or our subsidiarys ability to distribute dividends to us, or otherwise adversely affect our business.
C.
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Organizational Structure
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The following table sets
out the details of our subsidiaries:
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Name
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Country of Incorporation
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Ownership Interest
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Vimicro Corporation
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Peoples Republic of China
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100
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%
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Vimicro Technology Corporation
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Peoples Republic of China
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100
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%
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Viewtel Corporation
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California, U.S.A.
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100
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%
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Vimicro Electronics International Limited
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Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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100
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%
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Vimicro Electronic Technology Corporation
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Peoples Republic of China
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100
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%
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Vimicro High-Tech Corporation
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Peoples Republic of China
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100
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%
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Jiangsu Vimicro Electronics Corporation
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Peoples Republic of China
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100
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%
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We conduct substantially all of our business through our wholly owned subsidiaries. Vimicro China
primarily conducts our research and development, marketing, finance and administrative activities. It currently
40
has three directly wholly owned subsidiaries: Viewtel Corporation, Vimicro Hong Kong and Vimicro Electronic Technology. Vimicro Technology was incorporated
in Shenzhen, PRC in November 2006 as a limited liability company with an approved operating period of 20 years. The main business activity of Vimicro Technology is to facilitate domestic sales and perform research and development. In September 2007,
Vimicro Shanghai, our wholly owned subsidiary in China was incorporated as a limited liability company with an approved operating period of 30 years. The main business activity of Vimicro Shanghai is to facilitate domestic sales and perform research
and development. Vimicro Electronic Technology was established in Beijing in April, 2007 as a limited liability company with an approved operating period of 20 years. In December 2007, Vimicro Jiangsu, Vimicro Electronic Technologys wholly
owned subsidiary in China was incorporated as a limited liability company with an approved operating period of 20 years. The main business activities of Vimicro Electronic Technology and Vimicro Jiangsu are to facilitate external cooperation and to
enhance development of system-level solution and exploitation in other development technology. There were no significant operational activities in Vimicro Technology, Vimicro Electronic Technology and Vimicro Jiangsu in 2007.
D.
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Property, Plant and Equipment
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We are a fabless
semiconductor company. We develop our proprietary designs and provide them to third-party foundries to produce silicon wafers for our multimedia processors. Therefore, we do not have manufacturing facilities of our own.
Our principal executive offices are located on premises comprising approximately 9,200 square meters in Beijing, China. We have regional offices in
Shanghai, Shenzhen and Mountain View, California. We lease substantially all of our premises from unrelated third parties. We believe that we will be able to obtain adequate facilities, either at research and development centers that are currently
planned for construction and will be available for future use or leasing of appropriate properties, to accommodate our future expansion plans.
On December 26, 2006, Vimicro China entered into an agreement with Beijing Haidian Xinhua Agricultural Industrial & Commercial Co. to acquire the land-use rights for approximately 25,000 square meters of land (including a
construction site area of approximately 5,000 square meters) in Haidian District, Beijing. The land will be the site of a new building, which will become Vimicro Chinas new headquarters and accommodate a research and development center. The
aggregate consideration for the acquisition of the land-use rights and the construction of the new building is estimated to be approximately US$38.3 million. The proposed project, including the gross land area and construction site area, is subject
to governmental approval. Should the governmental authorities request us to modify the project, the land and construction site areas, as well as the total cost for the project, may change. It is estimated that the construction of this new building
will be completed by 2010.
On June 27, 2007, Vimicro Technology entered into an agreement with Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Land
Resources and Housing Management, pursuant to which, in consideration of approximately US$0.9 million, we acquired land use rights for approximately 3,947 square meters of land in Shenzhen High-Tech Industrial Park. The land will be the site of
a new building, which will become Vimicro Technologys office building and accommodate a research and development center. Governmental authorities require us to obtain necessary governmental approvals for the proposed project.
On November 15, 2007, Vimicro Shanghai entered into an agreement with Zhangjiang Semiconductor Industry Park Co., Ltd. pursuant to which, in
consideration of approximately US$5.7 million, to be paid in installments, Vimicro Shanghai would acquire land use rights for approximately 20,900 square meters of land in Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai. The land will be the site of a new
building, which will become Vimicro Shanghais office building and accommodate a research and development center. Governmental authorities require us to obtain necessary governmental approvals for the proposed project.
On December 26, 2007, Vimicro Jiangsu entered into an agreement with Administrative Committee of Nanjing Xuzhuang Software Industry Base and Nanjing
Xuanwu District Management and Investment of
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State-Owned Assets Holdings (Group) Co., Ltd. pursuant to which, in consideration of approximately US$5.4 million to be paid in installments, Vimicro
Jiangsu would acquire land use rights for approximately 80,000 square meters of land in Nanjing Xuzhuang Software Industrial Park. US$1.5 million of the transfer price may be offset by the taxes we pay to Xuanwu District according to a pre-set
eight-year schedule, or offset by any local government subsidies to us. The land will be the site of a new building, which will become Vimicro Jiangsus office building and accommodate a research and development, IC design and industrialized
base. Governmental authorities require us to obtain necessary governmental approvals for the proposed project.
For each of the three
properties above, we are in discussions with the developers of the sites for an estimated completion date.
I
TEM
4A.
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U
NRESOLVED
S
TAFF
C
OMMENTS
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There are no unresolved Staff comments.
I
TEM
5.
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O
PERATING
AND
F
INANCIAL
R
EVIEW
AND
P
ROSPECTS
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You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial
statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ
materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under Item 3. Key InformationD. Risk Factors or in other parts of this annual report on Form 20-F.
Overview
We are a fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops and markets mixed-signal semiconductor products and solutions that enable multimedia
capabilities in a variety of products for the consumer electronics and communications markets. Combining our multimedia systems experience with our skills in high performance, low-power, mixed-signal SoC design, we provide customers with
comprehensive, system-level solutions that include highly integrated semiconductors, customizable firmware and software, software development tools, reference designs and applications support. We have grown significantly since we introduced our
mixed-signal multimedia products in September 2001. Our net revenue increased from US$95.3 million in 2005, to US$ 126.6 million in 2006 and decreased to US$92.8 million in 2007. The decrease in revenue of US$33.8 million in 2007 was
mainly attributable to our strategic decision to sell less third-party image sensors, which alone accounted for a US$21.6 million drop in revenue, and a decrease in the number of units shipped and a decline in the average selling price of PC and
embedded notebook camera multimedia processors and mobile phone multimedia processors as a result of severe competition in the market. Our gross profit increased from US$36.3 million in 2005 to US$ 40.4 million in 2006, and decreased to US$28.5
million in 2007. The decease in gross profit by US$11.9 million in 2007 was mainly due to the decrease in revenue discussed above. Our net income amounted to US$ 16.4 million in 2005 and US$ 9.7 million in 2006. We had a net loss of
US$2.0 million in 2007 as a result of the decrease in gross profit. Our limited operating history makes the prediction of future operating results very difficult. We believe that period to period comparisons of operating results should not be relied
upon as predictive of future performance.
We currently derive a significant portion of our revenue from sales of mixed-signal PC and
embedded notebook camera multimedia processors. In the future, we intend to sell less third-party image sensors and to derive an increasing percentage of our revenue from mobile phone multimedia processors and other new mixed-signal products that we
develop to address the needs of additional markets which we believe have the potential for high volume sales of multimedia products.
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In reviewing our performance, we focus on the following non-financial factors: our market penetration,
the features and performance of our products, our number of design wins, the length of our product sales cycles and shipment volumes of our products. We evaluate our performance with respect of these non-financial factors against our operating
plans. We also focus on the following key financial factors: revenue, gross profit margins and operating expenses.
While our business is
influenced by factors affecting the semiconductor industry generally and by conditions in each of the markets we serve, we believe our business will be influenced by company-specific factors such as our ability to continually improve our product
development capabilities, increase our sales and improve our operations. We expect that our ability to grow our business will depend on our success in penetrating our target markets.
Our gross profit margins have historically fluctuated and are expected to continue to fluctuate due to several factors, including changes in the relative
mix of our products, the per-unit costs for our products, and the average selling prices for our products. We have been able to reduce the average per-unit costs for our products primarily due to our ability to negotiate more favorable pricing terms
with the foundries and testing houses we use, as we have achieved higher shipment volumes, as well as our ability to improve the manufacturing yields of our products over time through our manufacturers and reduce the size and cost of our products
through the migration of our designs to more advanced semiconductor manufacturing processes, for example, from .25 micron CMOS to .09 micron CMOS manufacturing processes. We expect to continue to face price pressure for our products as average
selling prices for semiconductor products generally decline over time. However, the average selling price decline may be mitigated by developing and marketing successive generations of products with lower unit costs than prior generations. In order
to maintain or improve our gross profit margins, we need to continue to introduce new, lower cost products, increase sales volumes and reduce unit costs.
We expect that the total amount of our operating expenses will generally grow over time. Our research and development expenses are expected to increase as we continue to develop new multimedia products and increase
our headcount. Our sales and marketing expenses are expected to grow as we expand our sales and marketing network globally and engage in additional marketing and promotional activities. Our general and administrative expenses are expected to
increase, reflecting the hiring of additional personnel and other costs related to the anticipated growth of our business, as well as the higher costs of operating as a publicly-traded company.
Furthermore, as most of our operating expenses are denominated in RMB, we also expect our operating expenses will continue to increase if there is
continued appreciation of RMB against U.S. dollar, our reporting currency.
We use a limited number of third-party foundries to manufacture
our multimedia products, and we rely on a limited number of independent assembly and testing houses to assemble and test substantially all of our multimedia processors. We believe that this business model enables us to reduce our capital
expenditures and fixed costs relative to semiconductor companies that manufacture, assemble and test their own products, while focusing our engineering and design resources on our core strengths. We do not have any long-term agreement with any
foundry or assembly and testing house and we typically place orders with them on a purchase order basis, depending on our customers purchase orders and sales forecasts.
Multimedia processors are characterized by a lengthy time-to-market, which is the interval between product development and initial volume sales. The
time-to-market typically ranges from three to six months for our PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors and six to nine months for our mobile phone multimedia processors, and may be significantly longer for first-time customers. Our
lengthy time-to-market makes it difficult for us to forecast our revenue and increases the variability of our quarterly results. It also results in a lengthy interval from the time we incur research and development and other operating expenses in
connection with a new product to the time that we can first generate revenue from that product.
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We operate and manage our business as a single segment. We do not account for our results of operations
on a geographic or other basis, and we do not allocate operating expenses among our products.
Vimicro International Corporation was
incorporated in the Cayman Islands in February 2004 as an exempted company with limited liability. In connection with our corporate reorganization in May 2004, all of the former owners of Vimicro China transferred their equity interests in Vimicro
China to Vimicro International Corporation, and they and/or their designated nominees subsequently subscribed for shares of Vimicro International Corporation based on their respective proportionate interests in Vimicro China prior to the
reorganization. The reorganization has been accounted for as capital stock reorganization, and as a result, Vimicro China is considered to be the predecessor of Vimicro International Corporation. Our consolidated financial statements are presented
as if Vimicro International Corporation had been in existence for all of the periods presented.
Revenue
The following table sets forth our net revenue derived from PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors, image sensors, mobile phone multimedia
processors and other products, respectively, in amounts and as percentages of total net revenue for the periods indicated. Our net revenue reflects a deduction for customer rebates and business taxes and related surcharges incurred in connection
with our operations in China.
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For the Year Ended December 31,
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2005
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2006
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2007
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Amount
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% of Total
Net Revenue
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Amount
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% of Total
Net Revenue
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Amount
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% of Total
Net Revenue
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(In US$ thousands, except percentages)
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Net revenue:
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PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors
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36,345
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38.1
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46,917
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37.1
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38,869
|
|
41.9
|
Image sensors
|
|
35,430
|
|
37.2
|
|
41,019
|
|
32.4
|
|
19,422
|
|
20.9
|
Mobile phone multimedia processors
|
|
20,774
|
|
21.8
|
|
30,277
|
|
23.9
|
|
24,003
|
|
25.9
|
Other products
|
|
2,728
|
|
2.9
|
|
8,351
|
|
6.6
|
|
10,459
|
|
11.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net revenue
|
|
95,277
|
|
100.0
|
|
126,564
|
|
100.0
|
|
92,753
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit
Our cost of revenue primarily consists of costs associated with the fabrication of wafers, the assembly, testing and shipping of our multimedia
processors, amortization of costs associated with production masks and tooling and costs of third-party products that we sell to our customers. As we do not have long-term, fixed supply agreements with third-party foundries and assembly and testing
companies, our costs for wafer fabrication, assembly and testing are susceptible to changes based on conditions in the global semiconductor market. We expect that our cost of revenue will increase as our sales volume increases, offset in part by
reduced per-unit costs of wafer fabrication, assembly and testing over larger volume shipments.
Our gross profit margins decreased from
38.1% in 2005 to 31.9% in 2006 primarily due to the decline of the average selling price of our products and the increase in our product mix of the proportion of relatively lower margin products. Our sales of mobile phone multimedia processors,
which have lower per-unit margins compared to our PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors, increased from 10.7 million units in 2005 to 18.6 million units in 2006. Our sales of third-party sensors increased from
13.6 million units in 2005 to 20.2 million units in 2006, and our gross profit margins on those sales increased in 2006 compared to 2005. This improvement was primarily due to increased sales of new products with greater margins. Our gross
profit margins decreased from 31.9% in 2006 to 30.7% in 2007 primarily due to the decline of the average selling price of our products. However the decrease in gross profit margin has been partially offset by a decrease in our
44
product mix of the relatively lower margin third-party sensor products. Our sales of third-party sensors decreased from 20.2 million units in 2006 to
16.3 million in 2007, and our sensor business accounted for 20.9% of revenues in 2007, a decrease from 32.4% in 2006.
Semiconductor
products and electronic devices into which they are incorporated are typically sold in high volumes and are subject to rapid declines in average selling prices. We have reduced the prices of many of our products in the past to meet market demand,
and expect that we will continue to face market driven pricing pressures on our products in the future. Therefore, there is no assurance that we will be able to maintain our gross profit margins in the future.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses primarily
consist of research and development expenses, sales and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses, each of which includes share-based employee compensation expenses.
Share-based Employee Compensation
Following the incorporation of Vimicro International Corporation,
we granted options to purchase a total of 17,574,448 ordinary shares in March 2004 to our current and former employees to honor the commitments previously made by Vimicro China during the period from 1999 to the date of grant. Due to the difference
between the option exercise prices and the estimated fair value of our ordinary shares at the time of grant, in 2005, we recognized a total of US$1.4 million of share-based employee compensation expense as a result of the amortization of a portion
of the US$2.1 million of deferred expenses incurred in connection with our March 2004 option grants over the vesting periods of the options granted. In 2006 and 2007, we recognized a total of US$2.7 million and US$4.6 million,
respectively, of share-based employee compensation expenses.
We adopted a 2004 share option plan, or 2004 plan, and granted a total of
2,701,200 options to our employees under the 2004 plan in 2005. For a description of our 2004 plan, see Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and EmployeesB. Compensation of Directors and Executive OfficersShare Options. Our
board of directors and shareholders also adopted a 2005 share incentive plan, or 2005 plan. For a description of our 2005 plan, see Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and EmployeesB. Compensation of Directors and Executive
OfficersShare Options. For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, 313,200, 12,107,400 and 15,685,200 options were granted under the 2005 plan.
We have adopted SFAS No. 123R with effect from January 1, 2006, under which share-based compensation expense is determined based on the fair value of share option as of the option grant date. Prior to the
adoption of SFAS No. 123R, we accounted for the share-based awards in accordance with APB No. 25 Accounting for Stocks Issued to Employees. Our share-based compensation expense increased in both 2006 and in 2007 as compared to
2005 because we continued to grant options, restricted shares and recognize the resulting share-based compensation expenses under SFAS No. 123R. We expect to continue to issue share-based awards in the future.
As of December 31, 2007, there was $10.6 million and $0.9 million in unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to share
options and restricted shares, respectively. The unrecognized share-based compensation expenses are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 3.57 and 2.21 years for share options and restricted shares, respectively. To the
extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from original estimates, actual share-based compensation related to these awards may be different from the expectation.
45
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, bonuses, and benefits for research and development personnel, lease expenses for occupancy associated with research and development, costs of
engineering services from contractors and consultants, purchase cost of intellectual property, depreciation of engineering equipment and share-based compensation expenses. Our research and development expenses have been offset by the government and
private grants that we received. We received grants from various PRC government authorities from 2005 through 2007, and we also received grants from a leading global software company in 2005 and 2006. The aggregate amounts of the grants we received
were US$1.4 million, US$ 2.6 million and US$3.6 million in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Each grant is associated with a particular research and development project that we have undertaken. When we apply any portion of a grant to
the related project for which qualified expenses have been incurred, our research and development expenses for the period are offset by the amount applied. We applied a total of US$1.9 million, US$3.3 million and US$3.8 million of these
grants to research and development projects in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, we had no unused grants. There is no assurance that we will continue to receive grants from PRC government authorities or any other party
in the future. We expect that our total research and development expenses, including, among others, costs incurred in connection with hiring additional research and development staff and purchase of intellectual property, will increase as we
continue to develop new multimedia products.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, bonuses, benefits, advertising, promotion and related costs for sales and marketing personnel,
travel and other expenses related to sales and marketing activities, and sales commissions to our distributors in Asia. We expect that our total sales and marketing expenses will increase as we hire additional sales and marketing personnel, expand
our sales and marketing network globally to promote and sell our multimedia processor products, and engage in additional marketing and promotional activities.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, bonuses, benefits and
related costs for administrative personnel, travel, lease and other expenses for general and administrative purposes share-based compensation expenses, as well as costs for outside services, including legal and accounting services. We expect that
our total general and administrative expenses will increase as we hire additional personnel and incur costs related to the anticipated growth of our business and our operations.
Taxation
Cayman Islands
Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, we are not subject to tax on our income or capital gains. In addition, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed on payments of dividends by the Company to its
shareholders.
PRC
Enterprise Income Tax
. PRC enterprise income tax is calculated based on taxable income determined under PRC accounting principles. In accordance with Income Tax of China for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign
Enterprises, or the Income Tax Law, and the related implementing rules, foreign-invested enterprises, or FIEs, incorporated in the PRC are generally subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 33%. The Income Tax Law and the related
implementing rules also provide certain favorable tax treatments to FIEs which qualify as high or new technology enterprises and are registered and operate in specified high-tech zones in the PRC. PRC domestic companies are governed by
the Enterprise Income Tax Laws of the PRC and are also generally subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 33%.
46
Vimicro China, an FIE which is registered and operates in a high-tech zone of Beijing Zhongguancun
Science Park, has been qualified as a high or new technology enterprise. As a result, it is entitled to a preferential enterprise income tax rate of 15%. It was entitled to a three-year exemption from the enterprise income tax from its
first year of operation (which expired on December 31, 2002) and was thereafter entitled to a preferential enterprise income tax rate of 7.5% for the succeeding three years (which expired on December 31, 2005).
On March 8, 2006, Vimicro China was approved by the Ministry of Commerce of the Peoples Republic of China to be qualified as a Advanced
Technology Enterprise with Foreign Investment. According to the regulations of the Beijing Municipal Office of State Administration of Taxation, an enterprise with this qualification is entitled to a preferential enterprise income tax rate for
the three years following the receipt of this qualification, equal to the higher of 10% or half of the applicable tax rate. As a result, on April 4, 2006, Vimicro China received an approval from Beijing Municipal Office of State Administration
of Taxation and is entitled to a 10% preferential income tax rate from 2006 to 2008.
In March 2007, the National Peoples
Congress adopted the New Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the New EIT Law, which became effective as of January 1, 2008. Under the New EIT Law, the enterprise income tax rate for domestic and foreign enterprises is unified at 25%, and enterprises
established prior to March 16, 2007 that were eligible for preferential tax treatment according to the effective PRC EIT Law for Foreign Investment Enterprise and Foreign Enterprise tax laws and administrative regulations shall be subject
to transitional rules to gradually change their rates to 25%. Certain qualified high and new technology companies may be entitled to a 15% preferential tax rate if they meet the definition of qualified high and new technology
enterprise strongly supported by the state set out in the implementation rules of the New EIT Law. The implementation rules of the New EIT Law as well as a series of clarification rules were promulgated by the State Council and its competent
authorities in December 2007 and early 2008. In accordance with the implementation rules of the New EIT Law, the existing preferential tax treatments granted to PRC entities that previously qualified as a high and new technology
enterprise will not automatically be applicable to these entities unless they qualify as a high and new technology enterprise under the New EIT Law. Although based on the New EIT Law, implementation rules, as well as the
administrative measures, Vimicro China believes that it will qualify as high and new technology enterprise strongly supported by the State, Vimicro China will be subject to statutory tax rate of 25% until it receives official approval
for the new status.
Under the New EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with effective management located in the PRC, is
considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its global income. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that any of the entities in the group registered outside the PRC
should be deemed a resident enterprise, they will be subject to PRC income tax at a rate of 25%.
Furthermore, under the New EIT Law,
dividends, interest, rent or royalties payable by a foreign investment enterprise to any of its foreign non-resident enterprise investors shall be subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless such foreign enterprise investors jurisdiction of
incorporation has signed a tax treaty or arrangement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income with China that provides for a reduced rate of withholding tax. The subsequent circular
issued in January 2008 stipulates that no income tax will be withheld on the distribution of earnings of foreign-invested enterprises where the relevant earnings were generated before January 1, 2008, but distributed in 2008 and
beyond. However, income tax withholding rate will be 10% or the lower treaty rate on earnings generated after December 31, 2007.
The amount of income tax payable by Vimicro China in the future will depend on various factors, including, among other things, its results of operations, taxable income, the amount of its deductible research and development expenses, and
the statutory tax rate applicable to it. Our effective tax rate depends partially on the extent of each of our subsidiaries relative contribution to our consolidated taxable income.
47
Value-added Tax.
According to PRC value-added tax policy, Vimicro China is subject to an output
Value-added Tax, or VAT, at 17% of selling price of products sold to customers in China, while the purchase of products by Vimicro China is subject to an input VAT at the rate of 17%. VAT payable is the net difference between periodic output VAT and
deductible input VAT.
Business Tax
. According to PRC business tax policy, service income generally is subject to business tax at
5%. Vimicro China is entitled to business tax exemption on income arising from or related to technology transfers, provided these technology transfer agreements are registered with the relevant government agencies.
United States
Viewtel, the subsidiary incorporated
in the United States, is subject to state income tax and federal income tax at different tax brackets, depending upon taxable income levels. Viewtel incurred income tax expenses of approximately $8,000, $132,650 and $2,000 for the years of 2005,
2006 and 2007, respectively.
Hong Kong
Profits Tax
. Corporations carrying on any trade or business in Hong Kong are subject to profits tax on their assessable profits arising or derived from Hong Kong from such trade or business. The statutory profits tax rate for
corporations was 17.5% for 2005, 2006 and 2007.
Vimicro Hong Kong, the Hong Kong subsidiary of Vimicro China, calculated Hong Kong profits
tax for 2005 on the basis that it was subject to Hong Kong profits tax for that year. Income tax expenses were approximately $201,000 for 2005. However, Vimicro Hong Kong applied for reopening of its profits tax returns with the Hong Kong Inland
Revenue Department in September, 2006 to lodge offshore claims for all years since the commencement of its operations in 2002 and filed amended tax returns. Based on the territorial source principle of taxation in Hong Kong, it is considered that
Vimicro Hong Kong has a reasonable technical basis to lodge the offshore claim. An adjustment was made in 2006 to reflect the accumulative changes as a result of the change in filing status. The offshore position claim of Vimicro Hong Kong was being
examined by the Hong Kong tax authorities as of December 31, 2007.
Withholding Tax.
Under the current Hong Kong tax laws, an
entity established outside of Hong Kong is subject to a 5.25% withholding tax on royalty income derived (or deemed to be) from Hong Kong. Vimicro Hong Kong makes royalty payments to Vimicro China for certain technologies licensed from Vimicro China.
Vimicro China was previously subject to a 5.25% withholding tax on royalties received from Vimicro Hong Kong, which Vimicro Hong Kong had withheld and used to settle the tax liabilities on behalf of Vimicro China. Upon approval by the relevant PRC
tax authorities, the amount of Hong Kong withholding tax paid on the royalty income could be allowed as a foreign tax credit against Vimicro Chinas PRC income tax liabilities.
In the event Vimicro Hong Kongs offshore claim is allowed by the Hong Kong tax authorities, Vimicro China would not be subject to the Hong Kong
withholding tax on its royalty income.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Under the supervision of the audit committee, our management has conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2007 based on the framework in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Our internal control over financial reporting includes those processes
and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding
prevention or
48
timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Based on this
evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007.
In our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2006, our management reported the following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting: (i) an insufficient complement of personnel with a
level of accounting knowledge, experience and training in the application of U.S. GAAP, (ii) ineffective controls over the completeness and accuracy of our income tax balance sheet accounts and its related provision for income taxes, and
(iii) ineffective controls over the process for estimating our provision for obsolete and excess inventory. In 2007, we implemented a number of remedial measures to address the material weaknesses described above, including the following:
|
|
|
we hired a new chief financial officer in June 2007, who had also been acting as financial controller until a new controller was hired in February 2008, and we
hired a reporting manager in December 2007 who is responsible for managing the process for year-end and quarterly reporting;
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|
|
|
our management and accounting staff have kept current on developments and interpretations of U.S. GAAP, including engaging in extensive external and internal
trainings on the application of U.S. GAAP accounting standards and compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
|
|
|
|
we hired a consultant to review income tax and FIN48 related tax exposures. Our management and accounting staff engaged in external trainings on the application of
SFAS 109 and FIN48, as well as trainings on new tax policies by the national tax authority of China; and
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|
|
we have documented and implemented appropriate policies and methodologies for estimating our provision for obsolete and excess inventory and enhanced our controls
and procedures over inventory counts and record keeping. These control and procedural improvements also included enhancements of approval, review and monitoring in this area.
|
Except for the remedial measures described above, there have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year
ended December 31, 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. As of December 31, 2007, our management concluded that these control procedures were
effectively designed, implemented and operating effectively so as to enable management to conclude that the above described material weaknesses have been remedied as of such date.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which
requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities and the disclosure of our contingent assets and liabilities at the end of each fiscal period and the reported amounts of revenues
and expenses during each fiscal period. We continually evaluate these judgments and estimates based on our own historical experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, our expectations regarding the future based on
available information and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, which together form our basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the
financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application.
Our critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results
to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors that should be considered when reviewing our financial statements. We believe the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our
financial statements.
49
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery and transfer of title have occurred and the price is fixed or determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. Under these
criteria, revenue from the sale of our products is recognized net of accruals for estimated sales returns and allowances based on historical experience.
We extend credit terms only to a limited number of customers and receive cash for the majority of the sales transactions before we deliver our products which we record as advances from customers. For customers to
which we provide credit, we have assessed a number of factors to determine whether collection from them is probable, including past transaction history with them and their creditworthiness. If we determine that collection is not reasonably assured,
we defer the recognition of revenue until collection becomes reasonably assured, which is generally upon receipt of payment.
We offer
volume-based sales rebates to our customers on selected products when the customers have completed a specified cumulative level of revenue transactions. We accrue the cost of such rebates in accordance with EITF 01-9 Accounting for
Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendors Product), by reducing the underlying sales transactions that are instrumental to earning the rebates based on the estimated number of customers that will
ultimately earn and claim the rebates.
Inventories
We state inventories at the lower of cost, on a weighted-average basis, or market. Market value is equal to current replacement cost to the extent that it does not exceed net realizable value. We record adjustments to
write-down the cost of obsolete or excess inventory to the estimated net realizable value based on historical and forecasted demand. Determination of net realizable value of inventories involves numerous judgments, including projecting average
selling prices and sales volumes for future periods and costs to complete products in work in process inventories. To project average selling prices and sales volumes, we review recent sales volumes, existing customer orders, current contract
prices, industry analysis of supply and demand, seasonal factors, general economic trends and other information. When these analyses reflect estimated market values below our manufacturing costs or the carrying value reflected in the balance sheet,
we record a charge to cost of revenue in advance of when the inventory is actually sold. Differences in forecasted average selling prices used in calculating lower of cost or market adjustments can result in significant changes in the estimated net
realizable value of product inventories and accordingly the amount of write-down recorded.
Share-based Compensation
Our share-based compensation plan is described in more detail under Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees. We adopted SFAS 123R
using the modified prospective transition approach from January 1, 2006. Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for share-based compensation arrangements with employees in accordance with the provisions of APB 25 Accounting for
Stocks Issued to Employees, and related interpretations thereof. Pursuant to SFAS 123R, we recognized share-based compensation over the requisite service periods for any share option and restricted share granted after December 31, 2005
based on the fair value of the share option and restricted share on the date of grant. We continue to account for share options that had been granted prior to the initial public filing of our registration statement on Form F-1 with the SEC on
October 24, 2005 and that remained unvested at December 31, 2005 under APB 25. For share-based awards granted after the initial public filing of our registration statement on Form F-1 but prior to January 1, 2006, the unvested
compensation cost at the effective date of adoption of SFAS 123R is computed based on the grant date fair values of those awards.
We
recognize share-based compensation using the accelerated method for all share-based awards issued prior to January 1, 2006. We have elected to recognize share-based compensation after the date of adoption of
50
SFAS 123R using the straight-line method for all share-based awards issued after January 1, 2006, which results in the recognition of less share-based
compensation in the first several years during the vesting period compared to that which would have been recognized had we used the accelerated method. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience and are periodically reviewed.
We account for share awards issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R and EITF 96-18, Accounting for Equity
Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services. Under SFAS 123R and EITF 96-18, we use the Black-Scholes option pricing model method to measure the value of options granted to
non-employees at each reporting date to determine the appropriate charge to share-based compensation.
Depreciation of Property and Equipment
We depreciate our property and equipment at rates sufficient to write off their costs less accumulated impairment losses and
estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. We review the useful lives periodically to ensure that the method and rates of depreciation are consistent with the expected pattern of economic benefits from
fixed assets. We estimate the useful lives and the residual values of the fixed assets based on our historical experience with similar assets, taking into account anticipated technological changes. The depreciation expense in future periods will
change if there are significant changes from previous estimates.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
We assess the impairment of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be
recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows to be produced by the assets. If the total of the estimated future undiscounted cash
flow is less than the carrying value, impairment is present and a loss is recognized in the statement of income based on the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset or asset group. The future undiscounted cash flow is based on
managements estimates and assumptions with respect to future revenues, cost of revenues and operating expenses. We cannot provide you with any assurances that actual results will be equal to our estimates. During the three years ended
December 31, 2007, we did not record any impairment charges. If we make different judgments or adopt different assumptions, material differences could result in the amount and timing of any impairment charge that is recorded.
Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance
We record a
valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets if, based on an estimate of our future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, it is more likely than not that we will not be able to utilize our deferred tax asset
amounts. Our estimated realization of our deferred tax assets is dependent on many factors, including our ability to generate taxable income within the period during which temporary differences reverse or before our tax loss carry-forwards expire,
the outlook for the Chinese economy and overall outlook for our industry. If we make different judgments or adopt different assumptions, material differences could result in the amount and timing of any valuation allowance that is recorded.
51
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of net revenue for the periods indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Net revenue
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
Cost of revenue
|
|
(61.9
|
)%
|
|
(68.1
|
)%
|
|
(69.3
|
)%
|
Gross profit
|
|
38.1
|
%
|
|
31.9
|
%
|
|
30.7
|
%
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development, net
|
|
(8.5
|
)%
|
|
(13.7
|
)%
|
|
(21.6
|
)%
|
Sales and marketing
|
|
(5.4
|
)%
|
|
(4.2
|
)%
|
|
(5.0
|
)%
|
General and administrative
|
|
(6.4
|
)%
|
|
(8.6
|
)%
|
|
(11.3
|
)%
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
(20.3
|
)%
|
|
(26.5
|
)%
|
|
(37.9
|
)%
|
Other income
|
|
0.7
|
%
|
|
2.7
|
%
|
|
4.9
|
%
|
Income tax (expense)/benefit
|
|
(1.3
|
)%
|
|
(0.4
|
)%
|
|
0.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
17.2
|
%
|
|
7.6
|
%
|
|
(2.2
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
Net Revenue
. Our net revenue decreased by US$33.8 million, or 26.7%, to US$92.8 million in 2007 from US$126.6 million in 2006. This decrease
was due primarily to (i) a decrease in unit shipments of our PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors from 35.5 million units in 2006 to 31.4 million units in 2007, (ii) a decrease in unit shipments of our mobile
phone multimedia processors from approximately 18.6 million units in 2006 to approximately 18.2 million units in 2007, (iii) a decrease in unit shipments of image sensors from 20.2 million units in 2006 to 16.3 million units
in 2007 due to our strategic decision to focus on the sale of our proprietary products as a result of the global pressure on the pricing and supply of sensors, and (iv) the decline in the average selling price of our products, particularly the
average selling price for sensors, which has dropped by more than 40% in 2007.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit
. Cost of revenue
decreased by US$21.9 million, or 25.4%, to US$64.3 million in 2007 from US$86.2 million in 2006. This decrease was due primarily to a decrease in our sales volume. Our gross profit decreased by US$11.9 million, or 29.5%, to US$28.5 million
in 2007 from US$40.4 million in 2006. The gross profit margin dropped 1.2% from 31.9% in 2006 to 30.7% in 2007. This decrease was primarily due to a decline in the average selling prices for our major product lines, which was partially offset
by a decrease in our product mix of the relatively lower margin image sensor business from 32.4% of our total net revenue in 2006 to 20.9% in 2007.
Operating Expenses
. Operating expenses increased by US$1.6 million, or 4.8%, to US$35.1 million in 2007 from US$33.5 million in 2006. This increase was due primarily to (i) an increase by approximately US$3.7 million
in additional payroll and welfare expenses for research and development, and (ii) a total increase of US$1.5 million in share-based compensation expenses, which was partially offset by a US$3.6 million decrease in audit, legal and
consultant expenses.
Research and Development.
Research and development expenses increased by US$ 2.7 million, or 15.6%, to
US$20.0 million in 2007 from US$17.3 million in 2006. Our gross research and development expenditures before government grant deduction increased US$3.3 million or 16% from US$20.6 million in 2006 to US$23.9 million in 2007. The
increase was mainly due to (i) an increase of approximately US$3.7 million payroll and welfare expenses, (ii) an approximately US$0.3 million increase in rental costs for office space, (iii) an increase of
US$0.5 million for the purchase of intellectual property used in research and development and (iv) a decrease of US$1.1 million in engineering samples expenses. We expect that our total research and
52
development expenses, including costs incurred in connection with hiring additional research and development staff and purchase of intellectual property, to
increase as we continue to expand our portfolio of new multimedia products.
Sales and Marketing
. Sales and marketing expenses
decreased by US$0.7 million, or 13.0%, to US$4.7 million in 2007 from US$5.4 million in 2006. The decrease mainly reflected a US$0.5 million decrease in advertising fees.
General and Administrative.
General and administrative expenses decreased by US$0.5 million, or 4.6%, to US$10.4 million in 2007 from
US$10.9 million in 2006. The decrease mainly reflected a US$3.6 million decrease in audit, legal and consultant expenses, partially offset by (i) an increase of approximately US$1.3 million share-based compensation expenses,
(ii) an increase of fixed assets disposal loss and donation of US$0.6 million, (iii) an approximately US$0.3 million increase in payroll and welfare, (iv) an increase of US$0.4 million in office related costs, and
(v) an increase of US$0.2 million in patent application fees.
Income Tax (Expense)/Benefit.
Income tax benefit was
approximately US$99,000 in 2007 compared to income tax expenses of approximately US$530,000 in 2006, mainly due to the decrease in income before tax and the effect of change in the tax rate on the deferred tax of Vimicro China.
Vimicro China was subject to a preferential tax rate of 10% in 2007. New EIT Law became effective as of January 1, 2008. Under the New EIT Tax Law
and related implementation rules, Vimicro China will be subject to statutory tax rate of 25% until it receives official approval to be a qualified high and new technology enterprise, which is entitled to a 15% preferential tax rate, and
Vimicro China used the 25% rate in the calculation of deferred tax balances.
Net Income.
We had a net loss of US$2.0 million in
2007, as compared to a net income of US$9.7 million in 2006, mainly due to lower revenues and gross profit margin, and an increase in operating expenses.
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Net Revenue
. Our net revenue increased by
US$31.3 million, or 32.8%, to US$126.6 million in 2006 from US$95.3 million in 2005. This increase was due primarily to (i) an increase in unit shipments of our PC and embedded notebook camera multimedia processors from 22.5 million units
in 2005 to 35.5 million units in 2006, (ii) an increase in unit shipments of our mobile phone multimedia processors from approximately 10.7 million units in 2005 to approximately 18.6 million units in 2006, and (iii) an
increase in unit shipments of image sensors from 13.6 million units in 2005 to 20.2 million units in 2006 as we bundled sensors with an increased volume of PC multimedia processors.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit
. Cost of revenue increased by US$27.3 million, or 46.2%, to US$86.2 million in 2006 from US$58.9 million in 2005.
This increase was due primarily to an increase in our sales volume. Our gross profit increased by US$4.1 million, or 11.1%, to US$40.4 million in 2006 from US$36.3 million in 2005. However, the gross profit margin dropped 6.2% from 38.1% in
2005 to 31.9% in 2006. This decrease was primarily due to a decline in average selling prices across all major product lines.
Operating
Expenses
. Operating expenses increased by US$14.2 million, or 73.9%, to US$33.5 million in 2006 from US$19.3 million in 2005. This increase was due primarily to (i) the increase in approximately US$5 million additional payroll and
welfare expenses as R&D headcount increased, (ii) the increase of US$1.8 million in share-based compensation expenses due to the adoption of FAS-123R, and (iii) the increase of US$4.0 million audit, legal and consultant expense,
including US$2.5 million expenses from the audit committee investigation and aborted secondary offering.
Research and Development.
Research and development expenses increased by US$ 9.2 million, or 113.8%, to US$17.3 million in 2006 from US$8.1 million in 2005. Our gross research and development expenditures
53
before government grant deduction increased US$10.6 million or 105.4% from US$10 million in 2005 to US$20.6 million in 2006. The increase mainly
reflected (i) the increase of approximately US$5 million payroll and welfare expenses as R&D headcount increased from 248 as of December 31, 2005 to 437 as of December 31, 2006, (ii) the increase of US$1.8 million in
share-based compensation expenses from US$520,000 in 2005 to US$2.3 million in 2006, mainly due to the adoption of FAS123R, and (iii) the approximately $1.0 million increase in depreciation of fixed assets and rental cost for office space.
Sales and Marketing
. Sales and marketing expenses increased by US$0.3 million, or 4.8%, to US$5.4 million in 2006 from US$5.1
million in 2005. The increase mainly reflected the increase in share-based employee compensation expenses, which were approximately US$304,000 in 2005 and approximately US$436,000 in 2006, respectively.
General and Administrative.
General and administrative expenses increased by US$4.8 million, or 78.8 %, to US$ 10.9 million in 2006 from
US$6.1 million in 2005. The increase mainly reflected the $1.5 million increase of audit, legal and consultant expenses, $2 million for the audit committee investigation expense, and approximately $540,000 for the proposed secondary offering.
Income Tax Expense.
Income tax expenses decreased by approximately US$662,000 from US$1.2 million in 2005 to approximately
US$530,000 in 2006. The decrease in tax expense was mainly due to the decrease in income before tax, the increase in additional deduction from qualifying research and development expenses in Vimicro China and the change of tax filing status from
onshore to offshore for Vimicro Electronics.
Vimicro China was subject to a preferential tax rate of 10% and was qualified to take an
additional deduction for qualifying research and development expenses in 2006.
In year 2006, Vimicro Electronics performed an offshore
claim on its trading profits. All or at least part of the trading profits previously categorized as onshore sourced are in fact offshore in nature and therefore not taxable in Hong Kong. If the claim succeed, the profit tax rate of Vimicro
Electronics should be zero in 2006 and thereafter. Vimicro Electronics had tax benefit of $201,000 in 2006 due to the reversal of deferred tax liabilities.
Net Income.
We incurred a net income of US$9.7 million in 2006, as compared to a net income of US$16.4 million in 2005, mainly due to the lowered gross profit margin and the increase in operating expenses.
B.
|
Liquidity and Capital Resources
|
We have financed
our operations primarily through private sales of equity interests to investors, the proceeds of our initial public offering, as well as through cash generated from our operating activities. We have also received government and private grants to
fund our research and development projects. Our principal use of cash for the three years ended December 31, 2007 was to fund our working capital requirements.
We expect that our net working capital requirements will increase as we offer longer payment terms to attract and retain large customers, including customers for our mobile phone multimedia processors. We plan to fund
this increase in working capital requirement from our operating cash inflow and existing cash reserve.
54
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(in US$ thousands)
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
7,589
|
|
|
19,314
|
|
|
8,403
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
(3,764
|
)
|
|
(6,617
|
)
|
|
(9,415
|
)
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
62,160
|
|
|
1,141
|
|
|
22
|
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
|
|
33
|
|
|
386
|
|
|
3,114
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
66,018
|
|
|
14,224
|
|
|
2,124
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
|
34,592
|
|
|
100,610
|
|
|
114,834
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
|
100,610
|
|
|
114,834
|
|
|
116,958
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities amounted to US$8.4 million in 2007, primarily as a
result of operating profit excluding non-cash share-based compensation expenses and depreciation. Net cash provided by operating activities in 2006 was US$19.3 million, primarily as a result of our operating profit in 2006, and a decrease of US$9.5
million in inventory. Net cash provided by operating activities amounted to US$7.6 million in 2005, primarily as a result of our operating profit in 2005, and to a lesser extent, an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities which
consisted primarily of professional services fees. This increase was offset in part by an increase in accounts receivables and an increase of our inventory to support our increased sales volume in 2005.
Net cash used in investing activities was US$9.4 million in 2007, primarily due to an approximately US$4.5 million purchase of fixed assets and
US$4.9 million payments towards land use rights. Net cash used in investing activities was US$6.6 million in 2006, primarily due to the increase of approximately $6.6 million purchase of fixed assets, mainly development tools, mask tooling,
software, and other equipment. Net cash used in investing activities amounted to US$3.8 million in 2005, primarily due to a substantial increase in our expenditures for the purchase of software, development tools and computer equipment to meet the
demand of our growing business and operations in 2005.
Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to US$22,000 in 2007, primarily
due to the exercise of share options, offset in part by the amount we used to repurchase shares. Net cash provided by financing activities was US$1.1 million in 2006, primarily due to the exercise of share options. Net cash provided by financing
activities amounted to US$62.2 million in 2005, primarily due to the proceeds from our initial public offering which amounted to US$59.1 million, and from shares sold in connection with the exercise of share options in 2005.
We believe that our current cash, cash flow from operations and the proceeds from the initial public offering will be sufficient to meet our anticipated
cash needs, including our working capital requirements and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. Our future cash requirements will depend on many factors, including our level of operating income, the timing of our new product
introductions, the costs to secure access to adequate manufacturing capacity, the continuing market acceptance of our products, or other changing business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may
decide to pursue. If our existing cash is insufficient to meet our requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity securities, debt securities or borrow from banks.
Capital Expenditures
Our capital expenditures amounted to US$3.8 million, US$6.6 million and
US$4.5 million in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. In the past, our capital expenditures consisted principally of purchases of software, development tools, computer equipment and other items related to our product development activities. We
55
estimate that we will make capital expenditures in 2008 between $4.0 million and $5.0 million (excluding land use rights premium and property
development expenditure), for purchases of software, development tools and other items related to our product development activities. In the five months ended May 31, 2008, we spent approximately $1.2 million for capital expenditures.
In December 2006, Vimicro China entered into an agreement with Beijing Haidian Xinhua Agricultural Industrial & Commercial Co. to
acquire the land use rights for approximately 25,000 square meters of land (including a construction site area of approximately 5,000 square meters) in Haidian District, Beijing. The land will be the site of a new building, which will become Vimicro
Chinas new headquarters and accommodate a research and development center. The aggregate consideration for the acquisition of the land use rights and the construction of the new building is estimated to be approximately US$38.3 million. The
proposed project, including the gross land area and construction site area, is subject to governmental approval. Should the governmental authorities request us to modify the project, the land and construction site areas, as well as the total cost
for the project, may change. It is estimated that the construction of this new building will be completed by 2010.
On June 27, 2007,
Vimicro Technology entered into an agreement with Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Land Resources and Housing Management, pursuant to which, in consideration of approximately US$0.9 million, we acquired land use rights for approximately 3,947
square meters of land in Shenzhen High-Tech Industrial Park. The land will be the site of a new building, which will become Vimicro Technologys office building and accommodate a research and development center. Governmental authorities require
us to obtain necessary governmental approvals for the proposed project.
On November 15, 2007, Vimicro Shanghai entered into an
agreement with Zhangjiang Semiconductor Industry Park Co., Ltd. pursuant to which, in consideration of approximately US$5.7 million, to be paid in installments, Vimicro Shanghai would acquire land use rights for approximately 20,900 square
meters of land in Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai. The land will be the site of a new building, which will become Vimicro Shanghais office building and accommodate a research and development center. Governmental authorities require us to
obtain necessary governmental approvals for the proposed project.
On December 26, 2007, Vimicro Jiangsu entered into an agreement
with Administrative Committee of Nanjing Xuzhuang Software Industry Base and Nanjing Xuanwu District Management and Investment of State-Owned Assets Holdings (Group) Co., Ltd. pursuant to which, in consideration of approximately US$5.4 million
to be paid in installments, Vimicro Jiangsu would acquire land use rights for approximately 80,000 square meters of land in Nanjing Xuzhuang Software Industrial Park. US$1.5 million of the transfer price may be offset by the taxes we pay to Xuanwu
District according to a pre-set eight-year schedule, or offset by any local government subsidies to us. The land will be the site of a new building, which will become Vimicro Jiangsus office building and accommodate a research and development,
IC design and industrialized base. Governmental authorities require us to obtain necessary governmental approvals for the proposed project.
For each of the three properties above, we are in discussions with the developers of the sites for an estimated completion date.
C.
|
Research and Development
|
We maintain a team of
experienced engineers. As of December 31, 2007, our research and development staff consisted of 438 engineers, representing approximately 77.1% of the total number of our employees. Most of our senior engineers have work experience in
research institutions or technology companies in Silicon Valley. Going forward, we intend to recruit most of our engineers in China. We have established various recruiting and training programs with leading universities in China. In addition, we
will also selectively recruit experienced engineers from Silicon Valley. Our research and development staff is divided into four teams: semiconductor development, software/firmware development, system design, and management and support. Our
engineers work with our customers system design, engineering and procurement groups to identify future product needs.
56
Through these efforts, we seek to introduce new products to address new market opportunities, to continue to reduce our design cost and to improve the cost
effectiveness and performance of our products and solutions.
Our gross expenditures on research and development before offsetting research
grants amounted to US$10.0 million, US$20.6 million and US$23.9 million in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Other than as disclosed
elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2007 that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net
revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E.
|
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
|
We have not
entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders equity, or
that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such
entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
F.
|
Contractual Obligations
|
The following table sets
forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment Due by Period
|
Contractual Obligations
|
|
Total
|
|
Less than 1
year
|
|
1-3
years
|
|
More than
3 years
|
|
|
(in US$ thousands)
|
Operating lease obligations
|
|
3,207
|
|
2,468
|
|
739
|
|
|
Purchase obligations
|
|
17,925
|
|
17,925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
21,132
|
|
20,393
|
|
739
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
Purchase obligations include commitments to purchase products from suppliers and fixed assets that have not been recognized in the financial statements.
|
In addition to the contractual obligations in the table above, we have contractual obligations under certain land use rights acquisition agreements which
are described in the section entitled Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsB. Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Other than the contractual obligations set forth above, we do not have any long-term commitments.
We do not have any contractual
obligations outside our normal course of business.
This annual report on Form 20-F
contains forward-looking statements that relate to future events, including our future operating results and conditions, our prospects and our future financial performance and condition, all of which are largely based on our current expectations and
projections. The forward-looking statements are
57
contained principally in the sections entitled Item 3. Key InformationD. Risk Factors, Item 4. Information on the Company and
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects. These statements are made under the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify these forward-looking statements
by terminology such as may, will, expect, anticipate, future, intend, plan, believe, estimate, is/are likely to or other similar
expressions. The accuracy of these statements may be impacted by a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results,
performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including the following risks and uncertainties:
|
|
|
our ability to develop and sell new mobile multimedia products;
|
|
|
|
the expected growth of the mobile multimedia market;
|
|
|
|
our ability to increase our sales of PC and notebook camera multimedia processors;
|
|
|
|
our ability to retain existing customers and acquire new customers and respond to competitive market conditions;
|
|
|
|
our ability to respond in a timely manner to the evolving multimedia market and changing consumer preferences and industry standards and to stay abreast of
technological changes;
|
|
|
|
our ability to secure sufficient foundry capacity in a timely manner;
|
|
|
|
our ability to effectively protect our intellectual property and the risk that we may infringe on the intellectual property of others; and
|
|
|
|
cyclicality of the semiconductor industry.
|
We would like to caution you not to place undue reliance on these statements and you should read these statements in conjunction with the risk factors disclosed in the section entitled Item 3. Key Information D. Risk
Factors. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to
reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
H.
|
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
|
In
September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board or FASB, issued SFAS 157 Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value, establishes guidelines for measuring fair value and expands disclosures regarding fair value
measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. However in February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-2 which delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial
liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years.
We will adopt SFAS 157 except for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities as specified in FSP FAS 157-2 beginning January 1, 2008 and do not believe that will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position and results of
operations. We are currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159).
SFAS 159 permits companies to choose to measure certain financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The standard requires that unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected be reported in
earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for us beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2008, although earlier adoption is permitted. The adoption of SFAS 159 will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
58
In June 2007, the FASB ratified the Emerging Issue Task Force Issue No. 07-3 Accounting
for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services to be Used in Future Research and Development Activities (EITF 07-3). EITF 07-3 requires that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or
rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and capitalized, and recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or services are performed. EITF 07-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2007 and shall be applied prospectively. We do not believe that the adoption of EITF 07-3 will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, Statement No. 141 (revised) Business Combinations (SFAS 141R) was issued by FASB. SFAS 141R
applies to all transactions or other events in which an entity obtains control of one or more businesses and changes the accounting for business combination. SFAS 141R requires the recognition of the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and
any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree measured at their respective fair values on the acquisition date, including full amounts of their fair values in a step acquisition, those arising from qualified contingencies and contingent consideration.
A gain from a bargain purchase is recognized as earnings attributable to the acquirer. SFAS 141R is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We expect no material impact on our consolidated results of
operations and financial position upon adoption of SFAS 141R.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160 Noncontrolling
Interests in Consolidated Financial Statementsan amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS 160), which clarifies that noncontrolling interests in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be
reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. The statement revises the accounting for changes in a parents controlling ownership interest. SFAS 160 is effective for us from January 1, 2009. We do not believe that
the application of SFAS 160 will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In
December 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 110 (SAB 110), which states that the staff will continue to accept, under certain circumstances, the use of the simplified method for
estimating the expected term of plain vanilla share options in accordance with SFAS 123(R) beyond December 31, 2007. We expect no material impact on its financial statements upon adoption of SAB 110.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS 161 Disclosure About Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment to
SFAS 133. The new standard requires enhanced disclosures regarding an entitys derivative and hedging activities. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after
November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged. We will adopt SFAS 161 beginning January 1, 2009 and expect no material effect on our financial position, financial performance and cash flows.
59
I
TEM
6.
|
D
IRECTORS
, S
ENIOR
M
ANAGEMENT
AND
E
MPLOYEES
|
A.
|
Directors and Senior Management
|
The following
table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F.
|
|
|
|
|
Directors and Executive Officers
|
|
Age
|
|
Position/Title
|
Zhonghan Deng
|
|
40
|
|
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
|
Xiaodong Yang
|
|
39
|
|
Director, Chief Technology Officer
|
Zhaowei (Kevin) Jin
|
|
39
|
|
Director, President and Chief Operating Officer
|
Yundong (Raymond) Zhang
|
|
40
|
|
Senior Vice President and Head of Mobile Multimedia Product Unit
|
Jun Zhu
|
|
47
|
|
Vice President and Head of IC Group
|
Qing (Mike) Yu
|
|
37
|
|
Vice President and Head of PC and Advanced Multimedia Product Unit
|
Quincy Tang
|
|
45
|
|
Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Accounting
|
Changyong (Robert) Chen(2)(3)
|
|
56
|
|
Independent Director
|
Theodore Van Duzer(1)(2)
|
|
80
|
|
Independent Director
|
Donald L. Lucas(1)(3)
|
|
78
|
|
Independent Director
|
Victor Yang
|
|
61
|
|
Independent Director
|
Dr. Yingyi Qian(3)
|
|
52
|
|
Independent Director
|
(1)
|
Member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.
|
(2)
|
Member of the Compensation Committee.
|
(3)
|
Member of the Audit Committee.
|
Dr. Zhonghan
Deng
is a co-founder of our company. He currently serves as the chairman of our board of directors and chief executive officer of our company. Dr. Deng was elected as a member of the National Peoples Congress of the
Peoples Republic of China for a five-year term from March 2008. He also serves as a board member and audit committee member of Sohu.com Inc. Dr. Deng has received numerous awards for his achievements, including the National
First Class Award for Science and Technology in 2005, which were presented by the President of China, Hu Jintao. Prior to joining us in January 2002, Dr. Deng co-founded Pixim, Inc., or Pixim, in Silicon Valley in 1998. Prior to that,
Dr. Deng was a research scientist for IBM at the T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. Dr. Deng received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, M.S. degree in Economics and M.S.
degree in Physics, all from the University of California at Berkeley.
Dr. Xiaodong Yang
is a co-founder of our company. He
currently is a member of our board of directors and also serves as our chief technology officer. Dr. Yang is responsible for leading all research and development activities and setting product and technology directions for our company. Prior to
joining us in March 2004, Dr. Yang worked at Pixim, which he co-founded in 1998. Dr. Yang began his research on mixed-signal imaging chips in Silicon Valley in 1993. He won research and development awards at both Hewlett-Packard Co. and
Intel Corporation. He has published many technical papers and holds numerous patents. Dr. Yang received his Ph.D., M.S. and B.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University.
Zhaowei (Kevin) Jin
is a co-founder of our company. Mr. Jin joined our company when we commenced operations in 1999. He is a member of our
board of directors and also serves as our president and chief operating officer. From 1996 to 1999, Mr. Jin served as the founder and president of Jin Ye Company where he led the establishment of a complete PC sales and distribution network
throughout China. Mr. Jin was the co-founder of Mitech Corporation in 1992, one of the largest providers of medical electronic image manipulation equipment in China, and served as vice president of sales until 1996. Mr. Jin received his
B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Electronics Science and Technology of China in 1991.
60
Yundong (Raymond) Zhang
joined our company in 2001 and currently serves as our senior vice
president and head of the mobile multimedia product unit. From 1996 to 2001, Mr. Zhang was the co-founder and director of research and development for T Square Design, Inc. in Santa Clara, California, where he gained experience in PC audio IC,
32-bit RISC CPU, game console SoC and DVD SoC. From 1991 to 1996, Mr. Zhang served as a semiconductor design manager for Realtek, where he gained experience in PC graphics IC, MPEG2 decoder, 3D graphics engine, ethernet controller and 16- bit
game processor. Mr. Zhang received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Fudan University.
Jun Zhu
joined
our company in 2000 as an engineering director and currently serves as our vice president and head of IC group. From 2001 to 2007 Mr. Zhu served as president and as a member of the board of directors of Silicon Rain Technology, a business
focused on the development of IC products in the United States. From 1996 to 2000, Mr. Zhu served as a design manager of Intel Corporation in Santa Clara, California. From 1989 to 1996, Mr. Zhu served as a chip design architect, senior
ASIC (Application Specific IC) design engineer and ASIC design engineer at the Application Specific Standard Product group of Toshiba America Electronics Components Inc. in San Jose, California. Mr. Zhu received his M.S. degree in Computer
Engineering from Syracuse University.
Dr. Qing (Mike) Yu
joined our company in 2001 and currently serves as vice president and
head of PC and advanced multimedia product unit. From 1997 to 2001, Mr. Yu served as a senior research scientist at the research lab of Eastman Kodak Company. Dr. Yu received his B.S. degree in Physics from University of Houston and his
Ph.D. and M.S. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from University of Rochester.
Quincy Tang
joined our company as our
chief financial officer and vice president of accounting in June 2007. Mr. Tang has more than 20 years of experience in public accounting firms and business fields. Mr. Tang started his career as an auditor with Deloitte Touche
Tohmatsu in 1985. From 1991 to 2001 Mr. Tang served as the financial controller and company secretary of SNP Leefung Holdings Limited, a Hong Kong listed printing group with operations in Hong Kong and China. He also served as an executive
director of SNP Leefung from 1998 to 2001. From 2002 to 2006, Mr. Tang was a finance director of TOM Group, a Hong Kong listed media group with operations in Greater China. Before joining our company, Mr. Tang served as the chief financial
officer of Monstermob Group PLC, a global mobile phone contents provider listed on AIM in the United Kingdom. Mr. Tang is a fellow member of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Association of Chartered Certified
Accountants in the United Kingdom and an associate member of the Hong Kong Institute of Chartered Secretaries.
Changyong (Robert)
Chen
has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2004. In 1997, Mr. Chen co-founded Monolithic Power System, a fabless semiconductor company focused on power management chips, which was listed on the NASDAQ Global Market in
2004. In 1990, Mr. Chen founded OPTI in Silicon Valley, a fabless semiconductor company focused on PC motherboard chipset design, which was listed on the NASDAQ Global Market in 1993. In 1985, Mr. Chen founded TMC in Taiwan, a PC
motherboard manufacturer which was later acquired by a German public company. Mr. Chen also served as investment advisor of Fortune Investment, a Taiwan-based venture capital company from 1996 to 2000. Mr. Chen received his M.S. degree in
Electrical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley.
Dr. Theodore Van Duzer
has served as a member of our
board of directors since July 2004. He is professor emeritus in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at University of California at Berkeley. Dr. Van Duzer received his Ph.D. degree from the University of California at
Berkeley in 1960 and has served as a member of its faculty since 1961. Dr. Van Duzer is the founding editor-in-chief of IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. He is also the co-author of two textbooks, Principles of
Superconductive Devices and Circuits and Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics and has published over 200 papers in the research literature on superconductor electronics. He was elected to the U.S. National Academy of
Engineering and is an IEEE Life Fellow.
61
Donald L. Lucas
has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2004. Since 1967,
Mr. Lucas has been actively engaged in venture capital activities as a private individual. Mr. Lucas currently serves as a board member of Cadence Design Systems, Inc., DexCom, Inc., Oracle Corporation, Spansion, Inc. and 51job, Inc.
Mr. Lucas also serves as a director for several privately held companies. Mr. Lucas received his B.A. degree from Stanford University and his M.B.A. degree from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Victor Yang
has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2004 and currently also serves as the president of Power Pacific
Corporation Ltd., a Hong Kong subsidiary of Power Corporation of Canada. Prior to joining Power Corporation in 1996, Mr. Yang was head of the resident mission in China for the International Finance Corporation, or IFC, a member of the World
Bank Group. Prior to his reassignment to Beijing in 1992 to develop IFCs PRC business, Mr. Yang held senior investment management positions and acted as the principal investment officer for IFC in Latin America. Mr. Yang also serve
as a director for several privately held companies. Mr. Yang received his M.S. and B.S. degrees in Chemical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a graduate degree in Business Administration from Fundacao Getulio Vargas,
in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Dr. Yingyi Qian
has served as a member of our board of directors since November 2006. He currently
serves as dean of Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management and as a professor of economics at the University of California at Berkeley. As a renowned Chinese economist and expert in management studies, Dr. Qian has advised leading
Chinese companies on restructuring and other important governance issues. He also serves as an independent director and audit committee member of China Netcom Group Corporation and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and chairman of the
supervisory board of Viton Wireless Technology AG. Prior to joining the Berkeley faculty, Dr. Qian taught in the Department of Economics at Stanford University and the University of Maryland. Dr. Qian graduated from Tsinghua University in
1981 with a B.S. in mathematics. He received his Ph.D in economics from Harvard University in 1990, after earning an M.Phil. in management science/operations research from Yale University and an M.A. in statistics from Columbia University.
B.
|
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
|
Cash
Compensation
In 2007, the aggregate cash compensation we paid to our executive officers was approximately US$1.1 million and the
aggregate cash compensation we paid to our non-executive directors was US$60,000. No executive officer is entitled to any severance benefits upon termination of his or her employment with our company.
Share Options
Historical Option
Grants
. During the period from 1999 to February 2004, Vimicro China promised to grant options to certain employees, directors, consultants and other individuals based on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon by Vimicro China and each
such individual. In connection with our reorganization, we issued options pursuant to Vimicro Chinas prior commitments. The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2008, the outstanding historical options granted to our directors and
executive officers named below and to other individuals including our employees, consultants and advisors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
Underlying
Options Granted
|
|
Exercise Price
(US$ per share)
|
|
Date of Grant
|
|
Date of Expiration
|
Xiaodong Yang
|
|
1,200,000
|
|
0.60
|
|
March 17, 2004
|
|
March 17, 2014
|
Jun Zhu
|
|
75,000
|
|
0.60
|
|
March 17, 2004
|
|
March 17, 2014
|
Qing (Mike) Yu
|
|
172,100
|
|
0.12
|
|
March 17, 2004
|
|
March 17, 2014
|
Chang Yong (Robert) Chen
|
|
300,000
|
|
0.12
|
|
March 17, 2004
|
|
March 17, 2014
|
Other individuals as a group
|
|
2,071,500
|
|
From 0.01 to 0.60
|
|
March 17, 2004
|
|
March 17, 2014
|
62
The vesting schedule of the options we granted in March 2004 was determined based on the optionees
length of employment with, or services to us and the date on which Vimicro China initially promised to grant options to such optionee.
2004 Share Option Plan
. Our board of directors adopted a 2004 share option plan, or the 2004 plan, which is intended to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, provide additional
incentive to employees, directors and consultants and promote the success of our business. We have reserved 12,541,080 of our ordinary shares for issuance under the 2004 plan. The 2004 plan was terminated in October 2005, and the remaining options
available for grant were transferred to the 2005 Share Incentive Plan. The following paragraphs describe the principal terms of the 2004 plan.
Termination of Options
. Where the option agreement permits the exercise or purchase of the options granted for a certain period of time following the recipients termination of service with us, or the recipients disability
or death, the options will terminate to the extent not exercised or purchased on the last day of the specified period or the last day of the original term of the options, whichever occurs first.
Administration
. The 2004 plan is administered by our board of directors or a committee designated by our board of directors. In each case, our
board of directors or the committee it designates will determine the provisions, terms and conditions of each option grant, including, but not limited to, the option vesting schedule, repurchase provisions, rights of first refusal, forfeiture
provisions, form of payment upon settlement of the award, payment contingencies and satisfaction of any performance criteria.
Vesting
Schedule
. In general, options granted under the 2004 plan vest over a five-year period following a specified vesting commencement date. 20% of the options granted vest at the end of the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and 10%
of the options vest semi-annually thereafter over the next four years, subject to the optionee continuing to be an employee or a service provider on each vesting date.
Option Agreement
. Options granted under the 2004 plan are evidenced by an option agreement that contains, among other things, provisions concerning exercisability and forfeiture upon termination of employment
or consulting arrangement, as determined by our board. In addition, the option agreement also provides that options granted under the 2004 plan are subject to a 180-day lock-up period following the effective date of a registration statement filed by
us under the Securities Act, if so requested by us or any representative of the underwriters in connection with any registration of the offering of any of our securities.
Option Exercise
. The term of options granted under the 2004 plan may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The consideration to be paid for our shares upon exercise of an option or purchase of shares
underlying the option will be determined by the share option plan administrator and may include cash, check, ordinary shares, a promissory note, consideration received by us under a cashless exercise program implemented by us in connection with the
2004 plan, or any combination of the foregoing methods of payment.
Third-Party Acquisition
. If a third-party acquires us through
the purchase of all or substantially all of our assets, a merger or other business combination, all outstanding options or share purchase rights will be assumed or equivalent options or rights will be substituted by the successor corporation or
parent or subsidiary of successor corporation. In the event that the successor corporation refuses to assume or substitute for the options or share purchase rights, all options or share purchase rights will become fully vested and exercisable
immediately prior to such transaction.
Termination of Plan
. Unless terminated earlier, the 2004 plan will expire in 2009. Our board
of directors has the authority to amend or terminate the 2004 plan subject to shareholder approval to the extent necessary to comply with applicable law and regulations. However, no such action may (i) impair the rights of any optionee unless
agreed by the optionee and the share option plan administrator, or (ii) affect the share option plan administrators ability to exercise the powers granted to it under our share option plan.
63
Option Repricing.
On March 27, 2008, our compensation committee acted to reprice certain
outstanding options that it had previously granted to our senior management. The options, all of which had been previously issued pursuant to the 2004 plan and 2005 plan were repriced based on the closing price on March 27, 2008 which was $0.70
per ordinary share.
The repriced options had originally been issued with $1.60 to $3.00 per ordinary share option exercise prices. As a
result of the recent sharp reduction in our stock price, we believed that such options no longer would properly incentivize our senior management who held such options to work in the best interest of our Company and shareholders. Moreover, we
believed that if these options were reprised, that such options would provide better incentives to senior management.
The following table
summarizes, as of March 31, 2008, the outstanding options and restricted shares granted pursuant to the 2004 plan.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
Underlying
Options Granted
|
|
Exercise Price
(US$ per share)
|
|
Date of Grant
|
|
Date of Expiration
|
Zhaowei (Kevin) Jin
|
|
1,601,600
|
|
0.70
|
|
October 14, 2004
|
|
October 14, 2014
|
Yundong (Raymond) Zhang
|
|
460,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
October 14, 2004
|
|
October 14, 2014
|
Donald L. Lucas
|
|
400,000
|
|
1.60
|
|
October 14, 2004
|
|
October 14, 2014
|
Jun Zhu
|
|
150,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
October 14, 2004
|
|
October 14, 2014
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
October 28, 2005
|
|
October 28, 2015
|
Changyong (Robert) Chen
|
|
100,000
|
|
1.60
|
|
October 14, 2004
|
|
October 14, 2014
|
Theodore Van Duzer
|
|
100,000
|
|
1.60
|
|
October 14, 2004
|
|
October 14, 2014
|
Qing (Mike) Yu
|
|
60,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
October 14, 2004
|
|
October 14, 2014
|
Other individuals as a group
|
|
2,662,415
|
|
From 0.70
to 3.00
|
|
From October 14, 2004
to October 28, 2005
|
|
From October 14, 2014
to October 28, 2015
|
In connection with Dr. Hui (Tom) Zhangs
resignation on July 31, 2006, his unvested options to purchase 1,121,120 ordinary shares were cancelled and 250,000 restricted shares held by Vimicro Shanghai Corporation on such date were repurchased by us. Dr. Zhang is currently serving
as our companys advisor and consultant. Our board of directors has approved the grant of 200,000 restricted shares and options to purchase 800,000 ordinary shares at an exercise price of US$1.60 per share, subject to a three year vesting
period, to Dr. Zhang for his services to our company after July 31, 2006.
In connection with Xiaosong Zhangs resignation on
January 31, 2007, his unvested options to purchase 820,000 ordinary shares were cancelled.
2005 Share Incentive Plan
.
In October 2005, our board of directors and shareholders adopted a 2005 share incentive plan, or the 2005 plan. In December 2006, our board of directors and shareholders amended the 2005 plan to increase the maximum aggregate number of awards to
21,065,505 ordinary shares. We have reserved for issuance 21,065,505 ordinary shares upon exercise of awards granted under our 2005 plan. In March 2008, our board of directors and compensation committee amended the 2005 plan to provide for a
provision permitting our compensation committee to reprice share options.
Types of Awards
. We may grant the following types of
awards under our 2005 plan:
|
|
|
options to purchase our ordinary shares;
|
|
|
|
restricted shares, which are non-transferable ordinary shares, that may be subject to forfeiture;
|
|
|
|
restricted share units, which represent the right to receive our ordinary shares at a specified date in the future, which may be subject to forfeiture;
|
64
|
|
|
share appreciation rights, which provide for payment to the grantee based upon increases in the price of our ordinary shares over a set base price; and
|
|
|
|
dividend equivalent rights, which represent the value of the dividends per share that we pay.
|
Awards may be designated in the form of ADSs instead of ordinary shares. If we designate an award in the form of ADSs, the number of shares issuable
under the 2005 plan will be adjusted to reflect a ratio of one ADS to four ordinary shares.
Eligibility
. We may grant awards to
employees, directors and consultants of our company or any of our related entities, which include our subsidiaries or any entities in which we hold a substantial ownership interest. However, we may grant options that are intended to qualify as
incentive stock options, or ISOs, only to our employees and employees of our majority owned subsidiaries.
Plan Administration
. Our
board of directors, or a committee designated by our board or directors, will administer the 2005 plan. However, with respect to awards made to our non-employee directors and executive officers, the entire board of directors will administer the 2005
plan. The committee or the full board of directors, as appropriate, will determine the individuals who will receive grants, the types of awards to be granted and terms and conditions of each award grant, including any vesting or forfeiture
restrictions.
Award Agreement
. Awards granted under our 2005 plan are evidenced by an award agreement that sets forth the terms,
conditions and limitations for each award. In addition, in the case of options, the award agreement also specifies whether the option constitutes an ISO or a non-qualifying stock option.
Acceleration of Awards upon Corporate Transactions.
The outstanding awards will accelerate upon occurrence of a change of control corporate
transaction where the successor entity does not assume our outstanding awards under the 2005 plan. In such event, each outstanding award will become fully vested and immediately exercisable, and the transfer restrictions on the awards will be
released and any forfeiture provisions will terminate immediately before the date of the change of control transaction. If the successor entity assumes our outstanding awards and later terminates the grantees service without cause within 12
months of the change of control transaction, the outstanding awards automatically become fully vested and exercisable.
Exercise Price
and Term of Awards
. In general, the plan administrator determines the exercise price of an option and sets forth the price in the award agreement. The exercise price may be a fixed or variable price related to the fair market value of our
ordinary shares. However, ISOs may not be granted at an exercise price which is less than the fair market value of our ordinary shares on the date of grant. Also, if we grant an ISO to an employee, who, at the time of that grant, owns shares
representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of our share capital, the exercise price cannot be less than 110% of the fair market value of our ordinary shares on the date of that grant.
The term of each award shall be stated in the award agreement. The term of an award shall not exceed 10 years from the date of the grant, except that
five years is the maximum term of an ISO granted to an employee who holds more than 10% of the voting power of our share capital.
Amendment and Termination
. Our board of directors may at any time amend, suspend or terminate the 2005 plan. Amendments to the 2005 plan are subject to shareholder approval to the extent required by law, or stock exchange rules or
regulations. Additionally, shareholder approval will be specifically required to increase the number of shares available for issuance under the 2005 plan or to extend the term of an option beyond ten years. Unless terminated earlier, the 2005 plan
will expire and no further awards may be granted after the tenth anniversary of the shareholder approval of the 2005 plan. We followed home country practice with respect to an amendment to 2005 plan on repricing the outstanding options. Based on
home country practice, we are not required to seek shareholder approval for repricing our outstanding options.
65
Grant of Restricted Shares.
We granted 1,804,600 restricted shares under the 2005 plan. Key terms
in the award agreements are summarized as follow:
|
|
|
The restricted shares will vest approximately according to the following schedules:
|
40% of the restricted shares will vest two years after the grant date, and 10% of the shares will vest semi-annually thereafter over the
next three years.
or
20% of the restricted shares will vest one year after the grant date, and 10% of the shares will vest semi-annually thereafter over the next four years.
or
100% of
the restricted shares will vest within one year after the grant date.
|
|
|
The unvested portion of the restricted shares are subject to forfeiture upon the termination of the holders employment with or service to us;
|
|
|
|
Until vested, the restricted shares are not transferable and may not be sold, pledged or otherwise transferred.
|
Option Repricing.
On March 27, 2008, our compensation committee acted to reprice 10,072,100 outstanding options that it had previously
granted to our senior management. The options, all of which had been previously issued pursuant to the 2004 plan and 2005 plan were repriced based on the closing price on March 27, 2008 which was $0.70 per ordinary share.
The repriced options had originally been issued with $1.25 to $4.55 per ordinary share option exercise prices reflected the then current market prices of
our stock on the dates of original grant. As a result of the recent sharp reduction in our stock price, we believed that such options no longer would properly incentivize our senior management who held such options to work in the best interest of
our Company and shareholders. Moreover, we believed that if these options were reprised, that such options would provide better incentives to senior management.
The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2008, the outstanding options and restricted shares granted pursuant to the 2005 plan.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
Underlying
Options Granted
|
|
Exercise Price
(US$ per share)
|
|
Date of Grant
|
|
Date of Expiration
|
Zhaowei (Kevin) Jin
|
|
1,200,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
August 9, 2006
|
|
August 9, 2016
|
Jun Zhu
|
|
200,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
August 13, 2007
|
|
August 13, 2017
|
Qing (Mike) Yu
|
|
200,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
August 9, 2006
|
|
August 9, 2016
|
Xiaodong Yang
|
|
1,200,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
August 9, 2006
|
|
August 9, 2016
|
Zhonghan (John) Deng
|
|
3,500,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
August 9, 2006
|
|
August 9, 2016
|
Quincy Tang
|
|
240,000
|
|
0.70
|
|
June 27, 2007
|
|
June 27, 2017
|
Yingyi Qian
|
|
100,000
|
|
2.50
|
|
August 9, 2006
|
|
August 9, 2016
|
Other individuals as a group
|
|
6,459,100
|
|
From 0.70
to 4.55
|
|
From December 26, 2005 to March 17, 2008
|
|
From December 26, 2015 to March 17, 2018
|
66
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
Underlying Restricted
Shares Granted
|
|
Exercise Price
(US$ per share)
|
|
Date of Grant
|
|
Date of Expiration
|
Zhaowei (Kevin) Jin
|
|
400,000
|
|
0.00
|
|
March 28, 2008
|
|
March 28, 2018
|
Yundong (Raymond) Zhang
|
|
50,400
|
|
0.00
|
|
April 28, 2007
|
|
April 28, 2017
|
|
|
120,000
|
|
0.00
|
|
March 28, 2008
|
|
March 28, 2018
|
Jun Zhu
|
|
28,200
|
|
0.00
|
|
April 28, 2007
|
|
April 28, 2017
|
|
|
80,000
|
|
0.00
|
|
March 28, 2008
|
|
March 28, 2018
|
Qing (Mike) Yu
|
|
28,200
|
|
0.00
|
|
April 28, 2007
|
|
April 28, 2017
|
|
|
80,000
|
|
0.00
|
|
March 28, 2008
|
|
March 28, 2018
|
Other individuals as a group
|
|
1,094,536
|
|
0.00
|
|
From March 3, 2006
to March 28, 2008
|
|
From March 3, 2016
to March 28, 2018
|
Our board of directors consists
of eight directors. A director is not required to hold any of our shares by way of qualification. A director may vote with respect to any contract, proposed contract or arrangement in which he is materially interested. The directors may exercise all
the powers of the company to borrow money, mortgage its undertaking, property and uncalled capital and issue debentures or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any obligation of the company or of any third-party.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We have established three committees under the board of directorsthe audit committee, the compensation committee and the corporate governance and nominating committee. We have adopted a charter for each of the committees. Each
committees members and functions are described below.
Audit Committee.
Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Donald
L. Lucas, Robert Chen and Yingyi Qian. Messrs. Lucas, Chen and Qian satisfy the independence requirements of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of
the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:
|
|
|
selecting the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors;
|
|
|
|
reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and managements response;
|
|
|
|
reviewing and approving all proposed related-party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K;
|
|
|
|
discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors;
|
|
|
|
reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies;
|
|
|
|
annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;
|
|
|
|
such other matters that are specifically delegated to our audit committee by our board of directors from time to time;
|
|
|
|
meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and
|
|
|
|
reporting regularly to the full board of directors.
|
In 2007, our audit committee held meetings or passed resolutions by unanimous written consent 15 times.
67
Compensation Committee
.
Our compensation committee consists of Messrs. Robert Chen
and Theodore Van Duzer. Messrs. Chen and Van Duzer satisfy the independence requirements of the NASDAQ corporate governance rules. Our compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our
directors and executive officers, including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The
compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:
|
|
|
reviewing and recommending to the board with respect to the total compensation package for our four most senior executives;
|
|
|
|
approving and overseeing the total compensation package for our executives other than the four most senior executives;
|
|
|
|
reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect to the compensation of our directors; and
|
|
|
|
reviewing periodically and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, employee pension and
welfare benefit plans.
|
In 2007, our compensation committee held meetings or passed resolutions by unanimous written
consent five times.
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
.
Our corporate governance and nominating
committee consist of Messrs. Donald L. Lucas and Theodore Van Duzer. Messrs. Lucas and Van Duzer satisfy the independence requirements of the NASDAQ corporate governance rules. The corporate governance and nominating committee assists
the board of directors in identifying individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The corporate governance and nominating committee is responsible for, among other things:
|
|
|
identifying and recommending to the board nominees for election or re-election to the board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy;
|
|
|
|
reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board in light of the characteristics of independence, age, skills, experience and availability of
service to us;
|
|
|
|
identifying and recommending to the board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as well as the corporate
governance and nominating committee itself;
|
|
|
|
advising the board periodically with respect to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable
laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on any corrective action to be taken; and
|
|
|
|
monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper
compliance.
|
In 2007, our corporate governance and nominating committee held meetings or passed resolutions by unanimous
written consent three times.
Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a duty of loyalty to act honestly in good faith with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skill they actually possess and such care
and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association. Our articles of association
govern the way our company is operated and the powers granted to the directors to manage the daily affairs of our company.
68
Terms of Directors and Officers
All directors hold office until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Our shareholders may remove any director by special resolution before the expiration of his or her term and may by ordinary
resolution appoint another person to fill the vacancy. A valid ordinary resolution requires the votes of a majority of shareholders attending the shareholder meeting that is duly constituted and meets the quorum requirement. Officers are elected by
and serve at the discretion of the board of directors.
Home Country Practice Exemption
Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4350(a)(1) permits foreign private issuers like us to follow home country practice in certain corporate governance
matters. Maples and Calder, our Cayman Islands counsel, has provided letters to the Nasdaq certifying that under Cayman Islands law and under our articles of association, (1) we are not required to hold annual shareholder meetings every year,
and (2) we are not required to seek shareholder approval for any material amendments to our equity compensation plans.
Pursuant to
the home country practice exemptions above that we applied and obtained, we did not hold an annual shareholder meeting in 2007. We may, however, hold annual shareholder meetings in the future if there are significant issues that require
shareholders approvals.
Additionally, in March 2008, our compensation committee repriced 10,072,100 our outstanding share options by
reducing their exercise prices based on the closing price on March 27, 2008 which was $0.70 per ordinary share. The rationale for the repricing is that our share options no longer provided a meaningful incentive to the option holders to
remain in our employment, and that a repricing of the share options with a lower exercise price for our existing options would once again provide an incentive to the option holders to continue to provide services to us and to maximize shareholder
value.
Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4350(i)(1) and IM-4350-5 require each issuer to seek shareholder approval for any material amendments to
the issuers equity compensation plans, including a repricing of outstanding share options. Pursuant to the home country practice exemptions above that we applied and obtained, the amendments to our 2005 share incentive plan to
permit the option repricing in March 2008 were approved and ratified by only our board of directors and such amendments have not been, and will not be sought by us to be, approved or ratified by our shareholders.
We had 369, 588 and 568 employees as of
December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, we had 74 employees in management and administration, 438 employees in research and development and 56 employees in sales and marketing.
As of March 31, 2008,
the most recent practicable date, 140,318,046 of our ordinary shares were outstanding, excluding shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and 1,883,745 restricted shares. On that date, a total of 22,018,054 of our ADSs were outstanding.
Our shareholders are entitled to vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to shareholders vote. Except for holders of 1,883,745 restricted shares, no shareholder has different voting rights from other shareholders. We are not aware
of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.
69
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary
shares, as of March 31, 2008, assuming the exercise of all of our outstanding share options, by:
|
(1)
|
each of our directors and executive officers; and
|
|
(2)
|
each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5.0% of our ordinary shares.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares
Beneficially Owned(1)
|
|
|
Number
|
|
%
|
Directors and Executive Officers:
|
|
|
|
|
Zhonghan Deng(2)
|
|
15,339,490
|
|
10.7
|
Xiaodong Yang(3)
|
|
8,997,110
|
|
6.3
|
Zhaowei (Kevin) Jin(4)
|
|
4,136,600
|
|
2.9
|
Yundong (Raymond) Zhang(5)
|
|
1,773,112
|
|
1.3
|
Jun Zhu(6)
|
|
1,173,200
|
|
0.8
|
Qing (Mike) Yu(7)
|
|
890,300
|
|
0.6
|
Donald L. Lucas(8)
|
|
693,808
|
|
0.5
|
Yingyi Qian(9)
|
|
120,000
|
|
0.1
|
Changyong (Robert) Chen(10)
|
|
420,000
|
|
0.3
|
Theodore Van Duzer(11)
|
|
170,000
|
|
0.1
|
Quincy Tang(12)
|
|
240,000
|
|
0.2
|
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group(13)
|
|
33,953,620
|
|
23.8
|
|
|
|
Principal Shareholders:
|
|
|
|
|
Investment entities affiliated with General Atlantic LLC(14)
|
|
24,535,522
|
|
17.5
|
Janus Capital Management LLC(15)
|
|
11,417,680
|
|
8.1
|
Power Pacific (Mauritius) Limited(16)
|
|
11,250,000
|
|
8.0
|
(1)
|
Beneficial ownership of each listed person in the table is determined assuming the exercise of all share options held by such person. Percentage ownership of each listed person is
based on 140,318,046 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2008 (excluding 1,883,745 restricted shares) and the number of shares underlying options and restricted shares held by such person.
|
(2)
|
Includes 11,839,490 ordinary shares held by Vimicro Beijing Corporation, an entity wholly owned by Golden Hill Assets Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, which is owned by
The Golden Hill International Trust, of which Mr. Deng is the settler, and 3,500,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Deng. The address for Mr. Deng is 15/F, Shining Tower, No. 35, Xueyuan Road,
Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PRC.
|
(3)
|
Includes 6,597,110 ordinary shares held by Vimicro Tianjin Corporation, an entity wholly owned and controlled by Mr. Yang, and 2,400,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise
of options held by Mr. Yang. The address for Mr. Yang is 15/F, Shining Tower, No. 35, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PRC.
|
(4)
|
Includes 935,000 ordinary shares held by Vimicro Shenzhen Corporation, an entity wholly owned by The Jin Family Trust, of which Mr. Jin is the settler, 400,000 restricted
shares held by Vimicro Shenzhen Corporation, which are subject to our right to repurchase and restriction on transfer, and 2,801,600 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Jin. The address for Mr. Jin is 15/F,
Shining Tower, No. 35, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PRC.
|
(5)
|
Includes 1,062,712 ordinary shares, 250,400 restricted shares held by Mr. Zhang, which are subject to our right to repurchase and restriction on transfer and of which 80,000
restricted shares are the result of the early exercise of options, and 460,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Zhang. The address for Mr. Zhang is 15/F, Shining Tower, No.35, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District,
Beijing 100083, PRC.
|
(6)
|
Includes 440,000 ordinary shares and 108,200 restricted shares held by Mr. Jun, which are subject to our right to repurchase and restriction on transfer, and 625,000 ordinary
shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Zhu. The address for Mr. Zhu is 1758 N. Shoreline Blvd., Mountain View, CA 94043.
|
70
(7)
|
Includes 350,000 ordinary shares and 108,200 restricted shares held by Mr. Yu, which are subject to our right to repurchase and restriction on transfer, and 432,100 ordinary
shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Yu. The address for Mr. Yu is 15/F, Shining Tower, No. 35, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PRC.
|
(8)
|
Includes 273,189 ordinary shares held by Donald L. Lucas TTEE, Donald L. Lucas & Lygia S. Lucas Trust DTD 12-3-84, 20,619 ordinary shares held by Donald L. Lucas Profit
Sharing Trust DTD 1-1-84, and 400,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Lucas. The address for Mr. Lucas is 3000 Sand Hill Road #3-210, Menlo Park, CA 94025.
|
(9)
|
Includes 20,000 ordinary shares and 100,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Professor Qian. The address for Professor Qian is Department of Economics,
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3880.
|
(10)
|
Includes 20,000 ordinary shares and 400,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Chen. The address for Mr. Chen is 15/F., Shining Tower,
No. 35, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PRC.
|
(11)
|
Includes 70,000 ordinary shares held by Mr. Van Duzer and 100,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Van Duzer. The address for Mr. Van
Duzer is 1240 Scott Street, El Cerrito, CA 94530.
|
(12)
|
Includes 240,000 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of options held by Mr. Tang. The address for Mr. Tang is 15/F., Shining Tower, No. 35, Xueyuan Road, Haidian
District, Beijing 100083, PRC.
|
(13)
|
Includes 22,495,252 ordinary shares, ordinary shares represented by ADSs and restricted shares beneficially owned by our officers and directors, and 11,218,700 ordinary shares
underlying outstanding options held by our directors and executive officers.
|
(14)
|
Includes a total of 18,531,786 ordinary shares and 1,500,934 ADSs of which General Atlantic Partners (Bermuda), L.P. holds 12,725,792 ordinary shares and 1,060,596 ADSs, GAP-W
International, L.P. holds 4,394,803 ordinary shares and 307,275 ADSs, GAP Coinvestments III, LLC holds 912,790 ordinary shares and 82,925 ADSs, GAP Coinvestments IV, LLC holds 246,877 ordinary shares and 19,650 ADSs, GapStar, LLC holds 231,647
ordinary shares and 28,142 ADSs and GAPCO GmbH & Co. KG holds 19,877 ordinary shares and 2,346 ADSs. GAP (Bermuda) Limited is the general partner of General Atlantic Partners (Bermuda), L.P. and GAP-W International, L.P. General Atlantic
LLC is the sole member of GapStar, LLC. GAPCO Management GmbH is the general partner of GAPCO GmbH & Co. KG. There are 28 Managing Directors of General Atlantic LLC. The managing members of GAP Coinvestments III, LLC and GAP Coinvestments
IV, LLC are Managing Directors of General Atlantic LLC. The Managing Directors of General Atlantic LLC are the executive officers and directors of GAP (Bermuda) Limited. The Managing Directors of General Atlantic LLC make voting and investment
decisions with respect to GAPCO Management GmbH and GAPCO GmbH & Co. KG. As a result, the Managing Directors of General Atlantic LLC make voting and investment decisions with respect to all shares owned by General Atlantic Partners
(Bermuda), L.P, GAP-W International, L.P., GapStar, LLC, GAP Coinvestments III, LLC, GAP Coinvestments IV, LLC and GAPCO GmbH & Co. KG. The address of General Atlantic Partners (Bermuda), L.P., GAP (Bermuda) Limited and GAP-W International,
L.P. is Clarendon House, Church Street, Hamilton, Bermuda. The address of GAPCO GmbH & Co. KG and GAPCO Management GmbH is c/o General Atlantic GmbH, Koenigsallee 62, 40212 Duesseldorf, Germany. The address of the other General Atlantic
entities is c/o General Atlantic Service Company, LLC, 3 Pickwick Plaza, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830, U.S.A.
|
(15)
|
Janus Capital Management LLC (Janus Capital) has an indirect 86.5% ownership stake in Enhanced Investment Technologies LLC (INTECH) and an
indirect 30% ownership stake in Perkins, Wolf, McDonnell and Company, LLC (Perkins Wolf). Due to the above ownership structure, holdings for Janus Capital, Perkins Wolf and INTECH are aggregated for purposes of this filing. Janus
Capital, Perkins Wolf and INTECH are registered investment advisers, each furnishing investment advice to various investment companies registered under Section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and to individual and institutional clients
(collectively referred to herein as Managed Portfolios). As a result of its role as investment adviser or sub-adviser to the Managed Portfolios, Janus Capital may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of 2,854,420 ADSs or 8.1% of the
shares outstanding of Vimicro Sponsored ADR held by such
|
71
|
Managed Portfolios. However, Janus Capital does not have the right to receive any dividends from, or the proceeds from the sale of, the securities held in
the Managed Portfolios and disclaims any ownership associated with such rights. Janus Overseas Fund is an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is one of the Managed Portfolios to which Janus Capital provides
investment advice. Janus Overseas Fund holds 1,883,360 of the ADSs attributable to Janus Capital. The address for both Janus Capital Management LLC and Janus Overseas Fund is 151 Detroit Street, Denver, Colorado 80206.
|
(16)
|
Power Pacific (Mauritius) Limited is 100% owned by Power Pacific Corporation Limited, which is 99.9% owned by Power Corporation International Limited. Power Corporation
International Limited is 100% owned by Power Corporation of Canada, a company listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The address for Power Pacific (Mauritius) Limited is Les Cascades, Edith Cavell Street, Port-Louis, Republic of Mauritius. The
address of Power Corporation of Canada is 751 Victoria Square, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2Y 2J3.
|
Based on
140,318,046 ordinary shares outstanding as of March 31, 2008, approximately 63% of our outstanding ordinary shares are held by 25 record holders in the United States.
I
TEM
7.
|
M
AJOR
S
HAREHOLDERS
AND
R
ELATED
P
ARTY
T
RANSACTIONS
|
Please refer to Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and EmployeesE. Share Ownership.
B.
|
Related Party Transactions
|
Reorganization
In anticipation of our issuance and sale of preferred shares to a group of international investors through a private placement, in March 2004, we entered
into a Shareholding Transfer Agreement with each former owner of Vimicro China and a Reorganization and Subscription Agreement with each such former owner and/or its designated nominee to carry out our reorganization. Pursuant to these agreements,
the following transactions were consummated:
|
|
|
All the former owners of Vimicro China obtained requisite approvals from the local governmental authorities to transfer their equity interests in Vimicro China to
Vimicro International Corporation in May 2004. As a result, Vimicro China became our wholly owned subsidiary in May 2004.
|
|
|
|
In consideration for the share transfer in May 2004 by each former owner of Vimicro China who was not a PRC entity or resident, or non-PRC shareholder, on
October 13, 2004, Vimicro International Corporation issued a total of 14,437,500 ordinary shares to each non-PRC shareholder and/or its designated nominee, based on such non-PRC shareholders pro rata interest in Vimicro China prior to the
reorganization.
|
|
|
|
Under applicable PRC law, Vimicro International Corporation was required to pay cash to each former owner of Vimicro China who was a PRC entity or resident, or PRC
shareholder, in consideration for the transfer of its ownership interest in Vimicro China in May 2004. Shortly after the completion of its issuance and sale of preferred shares on October 12, 2004, Vimicro International Corporation paid a total
cash consideration of US$8.4 million, as determined under applicable PRC law, to these PRC shareholders, using part of the proceeds from its issuance and sale of preferred shares.
|
|
|
|
On November 19, 2004, each PRC shareholder and/or its designated nominee used the same amount of cash previously received from Vimicro International
Corporation to subscribe for a total of 67,709,400 ordinary shares of Vimicro International Corporation. The number of ordinary shares issued and sold to each individual PRC shareholder or designated nominee was based on the PRC shareholders
pro rata interest in Vimicro China prior to the reorganization.
|
72
Private Placement
In October 2004, we issued an aggregate of 15,217,150 preferred shares in a private placement at a price of US$1.5977 per share to a group of investors, including General Atlantic, Fujitsu Microelectronics Asia Pte
Ltd, Capital Group Resources Ltd., Gartner Technology Ltd., Millennium Project Development and Donald L. Lucas, our director. Each preferred share was automatically converted into one ordinary upon completion of our initial public offering.
Registration Rights Agreement
In connection with our private placement in October 2004, we entered into a registration rights agreement with General Atlantic. We have granted General Atlantic customary registration rights, including demand and piggyback registration
rights and Form F-3 registration rights. For a detailed description of these rights, see Description of Share CapitalRegistration Rights.
Share Options
See Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and EmployeesB. Compensation of Directors and Executive
OfficersShare Options.
C.
|
Interests of Experts and Counsel
|
Not applicable.
I
TEM
8.
|
F
INANCIAL
I
NFORMATION
|
A.
|
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
|
We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.
Legal Proceedings
In April 2006, our auditors received two anonymous letters purportedly written by certain shareholders. The letters included allegations relating to
option grants to our founders and activities at our U.S. subsidiary six and seven years ago. In response to the letters, our board of directors asked our audit committee, consisting of independent, non-management directors, to conduct a review of
the issues raised by the letters. After a two and one half month review and assisted by our special outside legal counsel, our audit committee did not find evidence to substantiate the allegations in the anonymous letters, other than with respect to
a single transaction recorded by our U.S. subsidiary in 2001, which was reversed in 2002. Our audit committee concluded that the impact of that transaction on our prior financial statements was not material. No legal claims have been made against
us, but we intend to contest them if such claims are made.
From time to time, we may be involved in litigation or other legal proceedings
incidental to our business. We are not aware of any material legal proceedings currently existing or pending against us that will have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Regardless of the outcome, however, any
litigation or other legal proceedings can result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources and attention.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any dividends, nor do we have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the
foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.
73
Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends. Even if our board
of directors decides to pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if
any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. See
Description of American Depositary Shares from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005). Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be
paid in U.S. dollars.
We have not experienced any
significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
I
TEM
9.
|
T
HE
O
FFER
AND
L
ISTING
|
A.
|
Offering and Listing Details.
|
Our ADSs, each
representing four of our ordinary shares, have been listed on the NASDAQ Global Market since November 15, 2005 under the symbol VIMC.
In 2007 the trading price of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Global Market ranged from US$3.55 to US$11.00 per ADS.
The following table provides the high and low trading prices for our ADSs on the NASDAQ Global Market for (1) the years 2006 and 2007; (2) all quarters in 2006 and 2007; and (3) each of the past six months.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share Price
|
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
Annual High and Low
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
$
|
23.34
|
|
$
|
8.20
|
2007
|
|
$
|
11.00
|
|
$
|
3.55
|
Quarterly High and Low
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter 2006
|
|
$
|
20.99
|
|
$
|
9.41
|
Second Quarter 2006
|
|
$
|
23.34
|
|
$
|
12.50
|
Third Quarter 2006
|
|
$
|
12.85
|
|
$
|
8.20
|
Fourth Quarter 2006
|
|
$
|
13.92
|
|
$
|
9.96
|
First Quarter 2007
|
|
$
|
11.00
|
|
$
|
5.05
|
Second Quarter 2007
|
|
$
|
7.32
|
|
$
|
4.84
|
Third Quarter 2007
|
|
$
|
7.11
|
|
$
|
4.28
|
Fourth Quarter 2007
|
|
$
|
5.95
|
|
$
|
3.55
|
First Quarter 2008
|
|
$
|
3.99
|
|
$
|
2.53
|
Monthly Highs and Lows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 2007
|
|
$
|
4.18
|
|
$
|
3.68
|
January 2008
|
|
$
|
3.99
|
|
$
|
3.40
|
February 2008
|
|
$
|
3.91
|
|
$
|
3.01
|
March 2008
|
|
$
|
3.27
|
|
$
|
2.53
|
April 2008
|
|
$
|
3.50
|
|
$
|
2.50
|
May 2008
|
|
$
|
3.40
|
|
$
|
2.95
|
June 2008 (through June 16, 2008)
|
|
$
|
3.45
|
|
$
|
3.00
|
74
Not applicable.
Our ADSs, each representing four of our
ordinary shares, have been listed on the NASDAQ Global Market since November 15, 2005 under the symbol VIMC.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
I
TEM
10.
|
A
DDITIONAL
I
NFORMATION
|
Not applicable.
B.
|
Memorandum and Articles of Association
|
We
incorporate by reference into this annual report the description of our amended and restated memorandum of association contained in our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on
October 24, 2005. Our shareholders adopted our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association at an extraordinary shareholder meeting on October 29, 2005.
We have not entered into any
material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in Item 4. Information on the Company or elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F.
Foreign exchange regulation in
China is primarily governed by the following rules:
|
|
|
Foreign Currency Administration Rules (1996), as amended, or the Exchange Rules; and
|
|
|
|
Administration Rules of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange (1996), or the Administration Rules.
|
Under the Exchange Rules, the RMB is convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and
service-related foreign exchange transactions. Conversion of RMB for capital account items, such as direct investment, loan, security investment and repatriation of investment, however, is still subject to the approval of the SAFE.
Under the Administration Rules, foreign-invested enterprises may only buy, sell or remit foreign currencies at those banks authorized to conduct foreign
exchange business after providing valid commercial documents and,
75
in the case of capital account item transactions, obtaining approval from the SAFE. Capital investments by foreign-invested enterprises outside of China are
also subject to limitations, which include approvals by the Ministry of Commerce, the SAFE and the State Development and Reform Commission.
Cayman Islands Taxation
According to Maples and Calder, our Cayman Islands counsel, the Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon
profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. No Cayman Islands stamp duty will be payable unless an instrument is executed in, or brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman
Islands, or produced before a court of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
United States Federal Income Taxation
The following
discussion describes the material United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (defined below) under present law of an investment in the ADSs or ordinary shares. This summary applies only to investors that hold the ADSs or ordinary
shares as capital assets and that have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. This discussion is based on the tax laws of the United States as in effect on the date of this Form 20-F and on United States Treasury regulations in effect or, in
some cases, proposed, as of the date of this Form 20-F, as well as judicial and administrative interpretations thereof available on or before such date. All of the foregoing authorities are subject to change, which change could apply retroactively
and could affect the tax consequences described below.
The following discussion does not deal with the tax consequences to any particular
investor or to persons in special tax situations such as:
|
|
|
financial institutions;
|
|
|
|
traders that elect to mark to market;
|
|
|
|
persons liable for alternative minimum tax;
|
|
|
|
persons holding an ADS or ordinary share as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion or integrated transaction;
|
|
|
|
persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting shares; or
|
|
|
|
persons holding ADSs or ordinary shares through partnerships or other pass-through entities; or
|
|
|
|
persons who acquired ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as consideration.
|
U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors about the application of the United States federal tax rules to their particular circumstances as well as the
state and local and foreign tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares.
76
The discussion below of the United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders
will apply if you are the beneficial owner of ADSs or ordinary shares and you are, for United States federal income tax purposes,
|
|
|
a citizen or individual resident of the United States;
|
|
|
|
a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the United States, any State or
the District of Columbia;
|
|
|
|
an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
|
|
|
|
a trust that (1) is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more United States persons or (2) has a valid
election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.
|
The
discussion below assumes that the representations contained in the deposit agreement are true and that the obligations in the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. If you hold ADSs,
you will be treated as the holder of the underlying ordinary shares represented by those ADSs for United States federal income tax purposes.
The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are pre-released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming, by U.S. Holders of ADSs, of foreign tax credits for United States federal income tax
purposes. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, as described below. Accordingly, the availability of the reduced tax rate for
dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders could be affected by future actions that may be taken by the U.S. Treasury or parties to whom ADSs are pre-released.
Passive Foreign Investment Company
Due to the price of our ADSs and ordinary shares during
2007 and the composition of our assets (in particular, the retention of a large amount of cash), we believe that for the taxable year ended December 31, 2007, we were a passive foreign investment company (PFIC) for United
States federal income tax purposes. A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either:
|
|
|
at least 75% of its gross income is passive income (the income test), or
|
|
|
|
at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or
are held for the production of passive income (the asset test).
|
We will be treated as owning our
proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, more than 25% (by value) of the shares. The PFIC determination will be made separately for each
subsequent taxable year.
The total value of our assets for purposes of the asset test generally will be calculated using the market
price of our ADSs and ordinary shares. Because our share value decreased significantly during 2007 and we retained a significant amount of cash, we believe that more than 50% of the value of our assets was passive for purposes of the asset test and,
as a result, we became a PFIC during 2007. We expect that we will continue to be a PFIC for 2008 and future years unless our share value is increased and/or we use up a substantial amount of our cash. In addition, it is likely that some or all of
our subsidiaries were also PFICs for the taxable year ended December 31, 2007. So long as we are a PFIC, to the extent any of our subsidiaries are also PFICs, you will be deemed to own shares in such PFICs and could incur liability for the
deferred tax and interest charge described below if either (1) we receive a distribution from, or dispose of all or part of our interest in, the lower-tier PFICs or (2) you dispose of all or part of your ADSs or ordinary shares. If we are
a PFIC for any year during which you hold ADS or ordinary shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold ADS
77
or ordinary shares, unless you make a deemed sale election when we cease to be a PFIC. If we subsequently cease to be a PFIC, you may make a deemed
sale election. If such election is made, you will be deemed to have sold our ADSs or shares you hold at their fair market value and any gain from such deemed sale would be subject to the consequences described in the following paragraph. After the
deemed sale election, your ADSs or shares with respect to which the deemed sale election was made will not be treated as shares in a PFIC unless we subsequently become a PFIC. You may also be able to make a deemed sale election with respect to our
subsidiaries that are PFICs.
The rules dealing with deemed sale elections are very complex. You are strongly encouraged to consult your tax advisor about the deemed sale election with regard to our company and subsidiaries.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold ADSs or ordinary shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any
excess distribution that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the ADSs or ordinary shares, unless you make a mark-to-market election as discussed below. Distributions
you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares will be treated as an excess
distribution. Under these special tax rules:
|
|
|
the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares,
|
|
|
|
the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we became a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary
income, and
|
|
|
|
the amount allocated to each other taxable year will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for that taxable year and the interest charge generally applicable
to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such taxable year.
|
The tax liability
for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or excess distribution cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the ADSs or ordinary shares cannot be
treated as capital, even if you hold the ADSs or ordinary shares as capital assets.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of marketable
stock (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such stock of a PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed in the two preceding paragraphs. If you make a mark-to-market election for the ADSs or ordinary shares,
you will include in income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the ADSs or ordinary shares as of the close of your taxable year over your adjusted basis in such ADSs or ordinary shares. You are allowed a
deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the ADSs or ordinary shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, deductions are allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the ADSs
or ordinary shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares, are treated as ordinary
income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on the ADSs or ordinary shares, as well as to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares, to the extent that
the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such ADSs or ordinary shares. Your basis in the ADSs or ordinary shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a
mark-to-market election, tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by us (except that the lower applicable capital gains rate would not apply).
The mark-to-market election is available only for marketable stock which is stock that is traded in other than
de minimis
quantities
on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in applicable Treasury regulations. The NASDAQ Global Market, on which the ADSs are listed, is a qualified exchange for these purposes. To the
extent our subsidiaries are PFICs, the mark-to-market
78
election will not be available with respect to the share of such subsidiaries that are treated as owned by you. Consequently, you could be subject to the
PFIC rules with respect to income of the lower-tier PFICs the value of which already had been taken into account indirectly via mark-to-market adjustments.
We will not provide a PFIC annual statement and, accordingly, you will not be able to make a qualified electing fund election. If you hold ADSs or ordinary shares in any year in which we are a PFIC, you
will be required to file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding distributions received on the ADSs or ordinary shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares.
YOU ARE STRONGLY URGED TO CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE IMPACT OF OUR BEING A PFIC FOR 2007 ON YOUR INVESTMENT IN OUR ADSs AND ORDINARY
SHARES AS WELL AS THE APPLICATION OF THE PFIC RULES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THE MARK-TO-MARKET ELECTION.
Taxation of Dividends and Other
Distributions on the ADSs or Ordinary Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed above, the gross
amount of all our distributions to you with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares will be included in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by the depositary, in the case of ADSs, or by you, in the case of ordinary shares, but
only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (computed under United States federal income tax principles). The dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to
corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders (including
individual U.S. Holders) for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at the lower applicable capital gains rate (qualified dividend income) provided that (1) the ADSs or ordinary shares are
readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, (2) we are not a passive foreign investment company (as discussed above) for either our taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and
(3) certain holding period requirements are met. Under published Internal Revenue Service authority, common or ordinary shares, or ADSs representing such shares, are considered for purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an
established securities market in the United States if they are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market. The ADSs are traded on the NASDAQ Global Market. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid
with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares.
Dividends will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
If the dividends are qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the
reduced rate divided by the highest rate of tax normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends distributed by us
with respect to ADSs or ordinary shares generally would constitute passive category income but could, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, constitute general category income.
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated first as a tax-free return
of your tax basis in your ADSs or ordinary shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits for United States federal
income tax purposes. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will be reported as a dividend.
Taxation of Disposition of Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed above, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale,
exchange or other taxable disposition of an ADS or ordinary share equal to the difference
79
between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the ADS or ordinary share and your tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the ADS or ordinary share. The gain or
loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, who has held the ADS or ordinary share for more than one year, you will be eligible for reduced tax rates. The deductibility of capital
losses is subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that you recognize will be treated as United States source income or loss (in the case of losses, subject to certain limitations).
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividend payments with respect to ADSs or
ordinary shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of ADSs or ordinary shares may be subject to information reporting to the Internal Revenue Service and possible United States backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Backup
withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish
their exempt status must provide such certification on Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the United States information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your United States federal income tax
liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information.
F.
|
Dividends and Paying Agents
|
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
We have previously filed
with the Commission our registration statement on Form F-1, as amended and annual report on Form 20-F under the Securities Act, with respect to our ordinary shares.
We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Under the Exchange Act, we are required to file reports and other
information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Specifically, we are required to file annually a Form 20-F no later than six months after the close of each fiscal year, which is December 31. Copies of reports and other
information, when so filed, may be inspected without charge and may be obtained at prescribed rates at the public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission at 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at
the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Commission located at Citicorp Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661. The public may obtain information regarding the Washington, D.C. Public Reference Room by calling
the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a Web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and
short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
Our financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with U.S. GAAP.
80
We will furnish our shareholders with annual reports, which will include a review of operations and
annual audited consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP.
I.
|
Subsidiary Information
|
For a listing of our
subsidiaries, see Item 4. Information on the CompanyC. Organizational Structure.
I
TEM
11.
|
Q
UANTITATIVE
AND
Q
UALITATIVE
D
ISCLOSURES
A
BOUT
M
ARKET
R
ISK
|
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest income generated by excess cash invested in demand and time deposits. We have not historically used and do not expect to use in the future, any derivative financial
instruments to manage our interest risk exposure. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been exposed nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates.
Foreign Exchange Risk
The value of the RMB against
the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in Chinas political and economic conditions. The conversion of RMB into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set
by the Peoples Bank of China. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band
against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar by approximately 6% during 2007 and approximately 12% since the change of the policy to the end of 2007. While
the international reaction to the RMB revaluation has generally been positive, there remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more
significant appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar. A portion of our net revenue and most of our operating expenses are denominated in RMB, while most of our revenue, cost of revenue and non-operating expenses are denominated in U.S.
dollars and Hong Kong dollars, which is pegged to the U.S. dollar. We use the U.S. dollar as the reporting currency for our financial statements. Fluctuations in exchange rates, primarily those involving the U.S. dollar, may affect our costs and
operating margins as well as our net income reported in U.S. dollars. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our initial public offering into RMB for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S.
dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we receive from the conversion. Assuming we had converted the U.S. dollar and HK dollar denominated cash balance equivalent to US$52.6 million as of December 31, 2007 into RMB at the
exchange rate of US$1.00 for RMB7.3046 and HKD1.00 for RMB0.9364, the respective Peoples Bank of China rates as of December 31, 2007, this cash balance would have been RMB384.2 million. Assuming a further 10% appreciation of the RMB
against the U.S. dollar, this cash balance would have decreased to RMB345.7 million as of December 31, 2007. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares
or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. We have not used any forward contracts or currency borrowings to hedge our exposure to
foreign currency exchange risk.
Inflation
Since our inception, inflation in China has not materially impacted on our results of operations. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 1.8%, 1.5% and 4.8% in 2005, 2006
and 2007, respectively.
I
TEM
12.
|
D
ESCRIPTION
OF
S
ECURITIES
O
THER
THAN
E
QUITY
S
ECURITIES
|
Not Applicable.
81
PART II
I
TEM
13.
|
D
EFAULTS
, D
IVIDEND
A
RREARAGES
AND
D
ELINQUENCIES
|
None of these events occurred in any of the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
I
TEM
14.
|
M
ATERIAL
M
ODIFICATIONS
TO
THE
R
IGHTS
OF
S
ECURITY
H
OLDERS
AND
U
SE
OF
P
ROCEEDS
|
See Item 10. Additional
Information for a description of the rights of securities holders, which remain unchanged.
We completed our initial public offering
of 34,788,252 ordinary shares, in the form of ADSs, at US$10 per ADS in November 2005, after our ordinary shares and American Depositary Receipts were registered under the Securities Act. The aggregate price of the offering amount registered and
sold was US$86,970,630, of which we received US$62,775,000. The effective date of our registration statement on Form F-1 (File number: 333-12917) was November 14, 2005. Morgan Stanley was the global coordinator and book runner for the
global offering of our ADSs.
We received net proceeds of US$59.1 million from our initial public offering, which are expected to be used
for general corporate purposes, including funding our working capital needs.
I
TEM
15.
|
C
ONTROLS
AND
P
ROCEDURES
|
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have performed an evaluation of
our disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2007, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file and furnish under the Exchange Act
was recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms.
Managements Annual Report
on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control
over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in the framework in Internal
ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of
December 31, 2007.
Because of its inherent limitations, any system of internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or
detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or
that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
Our independent registered public accounting firm,
Ernst & Young Hua Ming, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, as stated in its attestation report included below.
Changes in Internal Control
In our annual report on
Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2006, our management reported the following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting: (i) an insufficient complement of
82
personnel with a level of accounting knowledge, experience and training in the application of U.S. GAAP, (ii) ineffective controls over the completeness
and accuracy of our income tax balance sheet accounts and its related provision for income taxes, and (iii) ineffective controls over the process for estimating our provision for obsolete and excess inventory. In 2007, we implemented a number
of remedial measures to address the material weaknesses described above, including the following:
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|
|
we hired a new chief financial officer in June 2007, who had also been acting as financial controller until a new controller was hired in February 2008, and we
hired a reporting manager in December 2007 who is responsible for managing the process for year-end and quarterly reporting;
|
|
|
|
our management and accounting staff have kept current on developments and interpretations of U.S. GAAP, including engaging in extensive external and internal
trainings on the application of U.S. GAAP accounting standards and compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
|
|
|
|
we hired a consultant to review income tax and FIN48 related tax exposures. Our management and accounting staff engaged in external trainings on the application of
SFAS 109 and FIN48, as well as trainings on new tax policies by the national tax authority of China; and
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|
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|
we have documented and implemented appropriate policies and methodologies for estimating our provision for obsolete and excess inventory and enhanced our controls
and procedures over inventory counts and record keeping. These control and procedural improvements also included enhancements of approval, review and monitoring in this area.
|
Except for the remedial measures described above, there have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year
ended December 31, 2007 that have materially affected, or a reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. As of December 31, 2007, our management concluded that these control procedures were
effectively designed, implemented and operating effectively so as to enable management to conclude that the above described material weaknesses have been remedied as of such date.
83
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Vimicro International Corporation
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Vimicro International Corporation (the Company) as of
December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). The Companys management is responsible for
maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Managements Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial
Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective
internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating
the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors
of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Vimicro International Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2007, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Vimicro International Corporation as of December 31, 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income,
shareholders equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2007 and our report dated June 17, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young Hua Ming
Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
June 17, 2008
84
I
TEM
16A.
|
A
UDIT
C
OMMITTEE
F
INANCIAL
E
XPERT
|
Our board of directors has determined that Donald Lucas qualifies as an audit committee financial expert as defined in Item 16A of Form
20-F. Each of the members of our audit committee is an independent director as defined in the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.
I
TEM
16B.
|
C
ODE
OF
E
THICS
|
Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers, employees and agents, including certain provisions that specifically apply to our chief executive officer, chief financial
officer, chief operating officer, chief technology officer, vice presidents and any other persons who perform similar functions for us. A copy of the code is posted on our website at www.vimicro.com. We hereby undertake to provide to any person
without charge, a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics within ten working days after we receive such persons written request.
I
TEM
16C.
|
P
RINCIPAL
A
CCOUNTANT
F
EES
AND
S
ERVICES
|
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by our principal
external auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company for the year ended December 31, 2006 and Ernst & Young Hua Ming for the year ended December 31, 2007. We did not pay any tax-related or other fees to our
auditors during the periods indicated below other than as disclosed below.
|
|
|
|
|
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|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in US$ thousands)
|
Audit fees(1)
|
|
1,362
|
|
1,163
|
Audit-related fees(2)
|
|
1,263
|
|
0
|
Tax Fees(3)
|
|
23
|
|
0
|
(1)
|
Audit fees means the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for professional services rendered by our principal auditors for the audit or review of our
financial statements.
|
(2)
|
Audit-related fees means the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for assurance and related services by our principal auditors that are reasonably
related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under Audit fees. Services comprising the fees disclosed, under the category of Audit-related fees involve principally the
issue of comfort letter and rendering of listing advice, internal control advisory services rendered in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, additional procedures during audit committee investigation, and other
audit-related services.
|
(3)
|
Tax fees include fees billed for tax compliance services, including the preparation of tax returns and tax consultations, such as tax advice related to employee
share-based compensation.
|
The policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by
our principal external auditors, including audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services as described above, other than those services which are approved by the Audit Committee prior to the completion of the audit.
I
TEM
16D.
|
E
XEMPTIONS
FROM
THE
L
ISTING
S
TANDARDS
FOR
A
UDIT
C
OMMITTEES
|
Not applicable.
85
I
TEM
16E.
|
P
URCHASES
OF
E
QUITY
S
ECURITIES
BY
THE
I
SSUER
AND
A
FFILIATED
P
URCHASERS
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date of Purchase
|
|
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased(1)
|
|
Average
Price Paid
per Share
|
|
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or Programs
|
|
Maximum Number of Shares
that May Yet be
Purchased
Under the Plans or Programs
|
November 28, 2007
|
|
3,750
|
|
$
|
8.40
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
(1)
|
Comprises of 3,750 ADSs purchased from one of our consultants on November 28, 2007 at a purchase price of US$8.40, the original exercise price the consultant
paid to exercise the options that resulted in the ownership of the 3,750 ADSs.
|
86
PART III
I
TEM
17.
|
F
INANCIAL
S
TATEMENTS
|
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
I
TEM
18.
|
F
INANCIAL
S
TATEMENTS
|
The consolidated financial statements for Vimicro International Corporation and its subsidiaries are included at the end of this annual report.
|
|
|
Exhibit Number
|
|
Description of Document
|
1.1
|
|
Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Vimicro International Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 from our F-1 registration statement (File
No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares of Vimicro International Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as
amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
Specimen American Depositary Receipt of Vimicro International Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended,
initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
Form of Deposit Agreement among Vimicro International Corporation, the depositary and holder of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 from our F-1
registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
Form of Shareholding Transfer Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2004, among Vimicro International Corporation and other parties therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 from our F-1
registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
Reorganization and Subscription Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2004, among Vimicro International Corporation and other parties therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 from our F-1
registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
Shareholders Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2004, among the Registrant and other parties therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 from our F-1 registration statement (File
No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2004, among Vimicro International Corporation and other parties therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 from our F-1 registration
statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
2004 Share Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on
October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
4.6
|
|
2005 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on
October 24, 2005)
|
87
|
|
|
Exhibit Number
|
|
Description of Document
|
4.7
|
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrants directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended,
initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
4.8
|
|
Form of Employment and Confidentiality Agreement between Vimicro International Corporation and senior executive officers of Vimicro International Corporation (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 from our F-1 registration statement (File No. 333-129217), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005)
|
|
|
4.9
|
|
Cooperation Agreement, dated December 22, 2006, between Beijing Haidian Xinhua Agricultural Industrial & Commercial Co. and Vimicro Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 from
our annual report filed on Form 20-F (Commission file number: 000-51606), initially filed with the Commission on July 16, 2007).
|
|
|
4.10
|
|
Supplementary Agreement, dated April 18, 2007, between Beijing Haidian Xinhua Agricultural Industrial & Commercial Co. and Vimicro Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 from
our annual report filed on Form 20-F (Commission file number: 000-51606), initially filed with the Commission on July 16, 2007).
|
|
|
4.11*
|
|
Contract for Transfer of the Use Right of the State-owned Land in Zhangjiang Semiconductor Industry Park, Shanghai, dated November 15, 2007, between Zhangjiang Semiconductor Industry Park Co.,
Ltd. and Vimicro High-Tech Corporation.
|
|
|
4.12*
|
|
Investment & Cooperation Agreement, dated December 26, 2007, between Administrative Committee of Nanjing Xuzhuang Software Industry Base and Nanjing Xuanwu District Management and Investment
of State-Owned Assets Holdings (Group) Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Vimicro Electronics Corporation.
|
|
|
4.13*
|
|
Amended and Restated 2005 Share Incentive Plan, dated March 27, 2008.
|
|
|
8.1*
|
|
List of Subsidiaries
|
|
|
11.1
|
|
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
|
|
|
12.1*
|
|
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
|
12.2*
|
|
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
|
13.1*
|
|
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
|
13.2*
|
|
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
|
15.1*
|
|
Consent of Maples and Calder
|
|
|
15.2*
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company
|
|
|
15.3*
|
|
Consent of Ernst & Young Hua Ming
|
*
|
Filed with this Annual Report on Form 20-F
|
88
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing its annual report on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
|
|
|
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
|
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ Zhonghan Deng
|
Name:
|
|
Zhonghan Deng
|
Title:
|
|
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
|
Date: June 17, 2008
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Vimicro International Corporation:
In our opinion, the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2006 and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, of shareholders equity and of cash
flows for each of two years in the period ended December 31, 2006 present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Vimicro International Corporation (the Company) and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2006, and the
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test
basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 2(r) to the consolidated financial statements,
effective January 1, 2006, the Company changed its method of accounting for share-based compensation in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company
Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
July 16, 2007, except for Note 18, which is as of June 17, 2008
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Vimicro International Corporation
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Vimicro International Corporation (the Company)
as of December 31, 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, shareholders equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the 2007 financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Vimicro International Corporation as of December
31, 2007, and the consolidated results of its operations and comprehensive income and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Vimicro
International Corporations internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
and our report dated June 17, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
|
/s/ Ernst & Young Hua Ming
|
Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
June 17, 2008
F-2
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except number of shares data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
|
Note
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
|
|
114,834
|
|
|
116,958
|
|
Accounts receivable, net of provision for doubtful accounts of $51 and $0 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
6,315
|
|
|
5,842
|
|
Notes receivable
|
|
|
|
|
2,435
|
|
|
297
|
|
Inventories
|
|
3
|
|
|
11,955
|
|
|
13,443
|
|
Prepayments and other current assets
|
|
4
|
|
|
3,353
|
|
|
2,898
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
13
|
(b)
|
|
170
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
|
|
139,062
|
|
|
139,721
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment in an associate
|
|
5
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
157
|
|
Property, equipment and software, net
|
|
6
|
|
|
8,498
|
|
|
8,249
|
|
Land use rights
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,939
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
|
|
644
|
|
|
965
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
|
|
148,350
|
|
|
154,031
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and Shareholders Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
|
|
5,379
|
|
|
7,853
|
|
Taxes payable
|
|
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
1,226
|
|
Advances from customers
|
|
|
|
|
246
|
|
|
154
|
|
Due to an associate
|
|
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
60
|
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
8
|
|
|
6,072
|
|
|
3,510
|
|
Deferred grants
|
|
|
|
|
210
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
13,463
|
|
|
12,803
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
|
13
|
(b)
|
|
30
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
13,493
|
|
|
12,829
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value. 484,352,868 shares authorized, 139,782,585 and 140,301,378 shares issued and outstanding as of
December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively
|
|
9
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
14
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
11
|
|
|
131,449
|
|
|
136,418
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
1,987
|
|
|
5,367
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
|
|
(1,325
|
)
|
|
(3,379
|
)
|
Statutory reserve
|
|
|
|
|
2,732
|
|
|
2,782
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
|
|
134,857
|
|
|
141,202
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders equity
|
|
|
|
|
148,350
|
|
|
154,031
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars,
except number of shares and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31
|
|
|
|
Note
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Net revenue
|
|
15
|
|
|
95,277
|
|
|
126,564
|
|
|
92,753
|
|
Cost of revenue
|
|
|
|
|
(58,943
|
)
|
|
(86,183
|
)
|
|
(64,290
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
|
|
36,334
|
|
|
40,381
|
|
|
28,463
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses*:
|
|
2
|
(r)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development, net
|
|
12
|
|
|
(8,102
|
)
|
|
(17,320
|
)
|
|
(20,039
|
)
|
Selling and marketing
|
|
|
|
|
(5,118
|
)
|
|
(5,365
|
)
|
|
(4,668
|
)
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
|
|
(6,076
|
)
|
|
(10,863
|
)
|
|
(10,431
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
|
|
(19,296
|
)
|
|
(33,548
|
)
|
|
(35,138
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from operations
|
|
|
|
|
17,038
|
|
|
6,833
|
|
|
(6,675
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income/ (expense):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
|
|
912
|
|
|
4,281
|
|
|
4,001
|
|
Tax refund
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others, net
|
|
|
|
|
(368
|
)
|
|
(881
|
)
|
|
570
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) before income taxes and share of (loss)/gain of an associate
|
|
|
|
|
17,586
|
|
|
10,233
|
|
|
(2,104
|
)
|
Income taxes (expense)/benefit
|
|
13
|
(a)
|
|
(1,192
|
)
|
|
(530
|
)
|
|
99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss) before share of (loss)/gain of an associate
|
|
|
|
|
16,394
|
|
|
9,703
|
|
|
(2,005
|
)
|
Share of (loss)/gain of an associate, net of tax
|
|
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
(31
|
)
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
|
|
|
16,390
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount allocated to participating preferred shareholders
|
|
|
|
|
(2,169
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) attributed to ordinary shareholders
|
|
|
|
|
14,221
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
1,391
|
|
|
3,380
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
14,819
|
|
|
11,063
|
|
|
1,376
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
0.16
|
|
|
0.07
|
|
|
(0.01
|
)
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
0.13
|
|
|
0.07
|
|
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
89,638,512
|
|
|
137,592,825
|
|
|
139,709,890
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
105,412,376
|
|
|
146,962,266
|
|
|
139,709,890
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Components of share-based compensation expenses are included in the following expense captions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development, net
|
|
|
|
|
(520
|
)
|
|
(2,266
|
)
|
|
(2,240
|
)
|
Selling and marketing
|
|
|
|
|
(304
|
)
|
|
(436
|
)
|
|
(654
|
)
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
|
|
(887
|
)
|
|
(786
|
)
|
|
(2,053
|
)
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
(Amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except
number of shares data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common shares
|
|
Additional
Paid-in
capital
|
|
|
Deferred
share-based
compensation
|
|
|
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
(loss)/income
|
|
|
Accumulated
Deficit
|
|
|
Statutory
reserve
|
|
Total
shareholders
equity
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of January 1, 2005
|
|
82,147,440
|
|
|
8
|
|
41,154
|
|
|
(2,122
|
)
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
(24,655
|
)
|
|
|
|
14,383
|
|
Issuance of common shares during initial public offering
|
|
27,000,000
|
|
|
3
|
|
59,074
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59,077
|
|
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred shares
|
|
15,217,150
|
|
|
2
|
|
23,921
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,923
|
|
Exercise of share options
(note 9)
|
|
14,241,437
|
|
|
1
|
|
3,082
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,083
|
|
Share-based compensation expensenon-employees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
271
|
|
Amortization of deferred share-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,440
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,440
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,390
|
|
|
|
|
16,390
|
|
Appropriation to statutory reserve (note 2(t))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,437
|
)
|
|
1,437
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2005
|
|
138,606,027
|
|
|
14
|
|
127,502
|
|
|
(682
|
)
|
|
596
|
|
|
(9,702
|
)
|
|
1,437
|
|
119,165
|
|
Exercise of share options
|
|
1,426,558
|
|
|
|
|
1,171
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,171
|
|
Repurchase of early exercised share options
|
|
(250,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
Share-based compensation expensenon-employees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
799
|
|
Reversal of deferred share-based compensation under
SFAS 123(R)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(682
|
)
|
|
682
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share-based compensation expenseemployees
(note 2(r))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,689
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,689
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
Appropriation to statutory reserve (note 2(t))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,295
|
)
|
|
1,295
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,391
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,391
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2006
|
|
139,782,585
|
|
|
14
|
|
131,449
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,987
|
|
|
(1,325
|
)
|
|
2,732
|
|
134,857
|
|
Exercise of share options/vested restricted shares (note 11)
|
|
533,793
|
|
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53
|
|
Repurchase of exercised share options
|
|
(15,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
(31
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(31
|
)
|
Share-based compensation expensenon-employees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
350
|
|
Share-based compensation expenseemployees
(note 2(r))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,597
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,597
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
|
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
Appropriation to statutory reserve (note 2(t))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,380
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,380
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2007
|
|
140,301,378
|
|
|
14
|
|
136,418
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,367
|
|
|
(3,379
|
)
|
|
2,782
|
|
141,202
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended as of December 31
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
16,390
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
1,553
|
|
|
2,789
|
|
|
3,378
|
|
Provision for doubtful accounts
|
|
1
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
Amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
Share-based compensation expenseemployees
|
|
1,440
|
|
|
2,689
|
|
|
4,597
|
|
Research and development consulting fee
|
|
271
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
350
|
|
Loss from disposal of property and equipment
|
|
50
|
|
|
282
|
|
|
380
|
|
Share of loss/ (gain) of an associate
|
|
4
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Changes in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
(2,549
|
)
|
|
(2,176
|
)
|
|
564
|
|
Notes receivable
|
|
(812
|
)
|
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|
2,215
|
|
Inventories
|
|
(12,598
|
)
|
|
9,532
|
|
|
(1,522
|
)
|
Prepayments and other current assets
|
|
383
|
|
|
(1,335
|
)
|
|
1,241
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
(2,333
|
)
|
|
3,042
|
|
|
(97
|
)
|
Other assets
|
|
(323
|
)
|
|
(300
|
)
|
|
(342
|
)
|
Accounts payable
|
|
1,226
|
|
|
1,292
|
|
|
2,495
|
|
Taxes payable
|
|
1,256
|
|
|
(2,011
|
)
|
|
(364
|
)
|
Advances from customers
|
|
137
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
(166
|
)
|
Due to an associate
|
|
16
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
4
|
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
3,749
|
|
|
(2,849
|
)
|
|
(2,135
|
)
|
Deferred grants
|
|
180
|
|
|
(679
|
)
|
|
(216
|
)
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
|
(452
|
)
|
|
(199
|
)
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
7,589
|
|
|
19,314
|
|
|
8,403
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decrease in restricted cash
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of property, equipment and software
|
|
(3,800
|
)
|
|
(6,644
|
)
|
|
(4,511
|
)
|
Land use rights payments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,910
|
)
|
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment
|
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
(3,764
|
)
|
|
(6,617
|
)
|
|
(9,415
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment for repurchasing of exercised share options
|
|
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
|
(31
|
)
|
Net proceeds from initial public offering
|
|
59,077
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from exercise of share options
|
|
3,083
|
|
|
1,171
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
62,160
|
|
|
1,141
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
|
|
33
|
|
|
386
|
|
|
3,114
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
66,018
|
|
|
14,224
|
|
|
2,124
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
|
34,592
|
|
|
100,610
|
|
|
114,834
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
|
100,610
|
|
|
114,834
|
|
|
116,958
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid during the year for:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
1,356
|
|
|
1,888
|
|
|
119
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
1.
|
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
|
Vimicro International Corporation (the Company) was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on February 24, 2004 as an exempted company with limited liability. It holds 100% of the equity
interest of Vimicro Corporation (Vimicro China) which was established on October 14, 1999 in the Peoples Republic of China (the PRC) as a limited liability company with an approved operating period of thirty years.
The Company also holds 100% of the equity interest of Vimicro Technology Corporation (Vimicro Technology) and Vimicro High-Tech Corporation (Vimicro Shanghai). Vimicro Technology was incorporated in Shenzhen, PRC in November
2006 to facilitate domestic sales and perform research and development with an approved operating period of twenty years. Vimicro Shanghai was established in Shanghai, PRC in September 2007 with an approved operating period of thirty years. There
were no significant operational activities in Vimicro Technology and Vimicro Shanghai since their incorporation.
Vimicro
China has three wholly-owned subsidiaries, Viewtel Corporation (Viewtel), Vimicro Electronics International Limited (Vimicro Hong Kong) and Vimicro Electronic Technology Corporation (Vimicro Electronic
Technology). Viewtel was incorporated in California, United States of America in June 1999 to perform in-house research and development. Vimicro Hong Kong was established in Hong Kong in May 2002 to facilitate international sales. Vimicro
Electronic Technology was incorporated in Beijing, PRC in April 2007. There were no significant operational activities in Vimicro Electronic Technology in 2007.
Vimicro Electronic Technology has one wholly-owned subsidiary, Jiangsu Vimicro Electronics Limited (Vimicro Jiangsu), which was established in Nanjing, PRC in December 2007.
The newly established subsidiaries in 2007, Vimicro Shanghai, Vimicro Electronic Technology and Vimicro Jiangsu, were
incorporated to engage in research and development.
The Company and its subsidiaries are hereinafter collectively referred
to as the Group.
The Group designs, develops and markets semiconductor products with multimedia applications,
including personal computer (PC) camera multimedia processors and mobile phone multimedia processors. It is also involved in the packaging, testing and reselling of third party image sensors according to the Companys
specifications. Product manufacturing, certain product packaging and testing are outsourced to third party vendors.
Reorganization
The Company was established on February 24, 2004 with an authorized share capital consisting of 500,000,000
ordinary shares of $0.0001 each. The authorized share capital of 500,000,000 ordinary shares at par value of $0.0001 each were subdivided into 484,352,868 ordinary shares and 15,647,132 preferred shares at par value of $0.0001 each. Each former
owner of Vimicro China, or their nominees, subscribed for the shares of the Company in accordance with a shareholding transfer agreement between Vimicro China and the Company dated March 17, 2004 (the Reorganization). The form of
shareholding transfer, either through an exchange of their equity interests in Vimicro China for proportional number of shares in the Company or by paying cash as consideration, depends on the nationality or places of incorporation of the former
owners of Vimicro China.
All the former owners of Vimicro China obtained requisite approvals from the local governmental
authorities and transferred their equity interests in Vimicro China to the Company on May 17, 2004.
F-7
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
1.
|
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (CONTD)
|
Reorganization (contd)
In consideration for the shares transferred by each former owner of Vimicro China who was not a PRC entity or resident (each, a
non-PRC shareholder), on October 13, 2004, the Company issued a total of 14,437,500 fully paid ordinary shares, representing 17.58% of its total outstanding share capital after the Reorganization, to these non-PRC shareholders or
their designated nominees, based on these non-PRC shareholders pro rata interests (in total of 17.58%) in Vimicro China prior to the Reorganization.
In order to complete the Reorganization, the Company was required by the relevant PRC laws and regulations to pay cash to acquire the equity interest of Vimicro China from each former owner of Vimicro China who was a
PRC entity or resident (each, a PRC shareholder). Shortly after the completion of its issuance and sale of preferred shares on October 12, 2004, the Company had applied part of its preferred shares issuance proceeds as payment to
the PRC shareholders, amounting to $8.4 million, for their 82.42% equity interest in Vimicro China. On November 19, 2004, these PRC shareholders and/or their respective nominees used the same amount of cash to subscribe for a total of
67,709,940 fully paid ordinary shares, which represents 82.42% of total outstanding share capital, of the Company after the Reorganization.
In summary, the Company issued 82,147,440 ordinary shares to the owners and/or their nominees of Vimicro China in exchange for their respective ownership interests in Vimicro China (collectively referred to as the
recapitalization transactions). Since the recapitalization transactions were carried out to satisfy all the legal requirements on the Reorganization, the Company considers the Reorganization had been effectively completed for accounting
purpose when it obtained all the requisite governmental authorities approvals on May 17, 2004.
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
|
(a) Basis of presentation
The Reorganization described in Note 1 was treated as capital stock
reorganization and Vimicro China is considered as the predecessor of the Company. The consolidated financial statements are presented as if the Company was in existence for all periods presented.
The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States of America (US GAAP).
(b) Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of the Group include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries for all years
presented.
Subsidiaries are those entities in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of
the voting power; has the power to govern the financial and operating policies; to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors; or to cast majority of votes at the meeting of directors.
All significant inter-company transactions and balances, and any unrealized gains arising from inter-company transactions, are eliminated
in consolidation. Unrecognized gains arising from transactions with an associated company are eliminated to the extent of the Groups interest in the associated company, against the investment in the associated company. Unrecognized losses are
eliminated similarly but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment of the assets transferred.
F-8
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(c) Associate
An associate is an entity in which the Group holds between 20% and 50% of the equity interest, or over which the Group has significant influence but does not control. Investment in an associate is accounted for using the equity method.
Equity accounting involves recognizing in the consolidated statement of operations the Groups share of the profit or loss for the year of the associate.
(d) Use of estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with
US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Significant
accounting estimates reflected in the Groups consolidated financial statements mainly include useful lives of property, equipment and software and other long-term assets, realization of deferred tax assets, provision for doubtful accounts,
write-down of inventories and share-based compensation expenses.
(e) Risks and uncertainties and concentration of credit risk
The Groups operating results are significantly dependent on its ability to develop and market products. The Group faces rapid
technology development which requires the Group to continually improve the performance, feature and reliability of its products. Inability of the Group to successfully develop and market its products as a result of competition or other factors would
have a material adverse affect on the Groups business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Group
depends on a few key customers for the majority of its sales, and the loss of or a significant reduction in orders from any of these customers would have a material adverse impact on its operating results. For the years ended December 31, 2005,
2006 and 2007, the top ten customers accounted for approximately 76%, 76% and 69% of total product revenue respectively. The Group cannot assure that these customers will continue to purchase products from them.
The following table summarizes the customers who accounted for more than 10% of the total revenue for the years ended December 31,
2005, 2006 and 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Customer A
|
|
22
|
%
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
2
|
%
|
Customer B
|
|
25
|
%
|
|
28
|
%
|
|
22
|
%
|
Customer J
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
11
|
%
|
|
9
|
%
|
F-9
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(e) Risks and uncertainties and concentration of credit risk (contd)
The following table summarizes the customers who accounted for more than 10% of the total accounts
receivables as of December 31, 2006 and 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
December 31
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
Customer I
|
|
4%
|
|
10%
|
Customer K
|
|
18%
|
|
|
Customer O
|
|
21%
|
|
13%
|
Customer P
|
|
14%
|
|
29%
|
Customer Q
|
|
16%
|
|
12%
|
Customer R
|
|
|
|
17%
|
The Group relies on a few foundries for wafers and several companies for assembly
and testing services for the existing products. The ability of each foundry to provide wafers is limited by the foundrys available capacity. Moreover, the price of wafers may fluctuate based on the available industry capacity. The Group does
not have long-term supply contracts with any of these foundries or assembly and testing houses. Therefore, the Group cannot be certain that these foundries and assembly and testing houses will allocate sufficient capacity to satisfy its
requirements. If the Group is not able to obtain the necessary foundry capacity and assembly and testing capacity to produce the required volume for its customers in a timely manner, both its relationships with the customers and operating results
would be adversely affected.
Financial instruments that are potentially subject to credit risk consist of cash and cash
equivalents and accounts receivable. Deposits held with financial institutions were not protected by statutory or commercial insurance. The Group performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers financial conditions and, generally,
requires no collateral or third party guarantee.
The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The PRC State
Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the Peoples Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international
economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the PRC foreign exchange trading system market.
(f) Fair value of financial
instruments
The carrying amount of the Groups cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair value due to
the short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amounts of the Groups receivables, payables and accrued liabilities approximated their fair values as of the balance sheet dates due to their short maturities and the interest rates
currently available.
(g) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents represents cash on hand and deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions, which are repayable on demand and have original maturities of three months or
less.
F-10
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(h) Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. The cost is computed on a weighted-average basis. Adjustments are made to write down excess or obsolete inventories to their estimated realizable values.
(i) Property, equipment and software
Property, equipment and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss.
Property,
equipment and software are depreciated at rates sufficient to write off their costs less estimated residual values and impairment loss, if any, over their estimated useful lives on a straight line basis. The estimated useful lives and residual
values are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated useful lives
|
|
Residual
value
|
|
Equipment and office furniture
|
|
5 years
|
|
10%
|
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
Shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives
|
|
|
|
Mask and tooling
|
|
2 years
|
|
|
|
Motor vehicles
|
|
5 years
|
|
10%
|
|
Software
|
|
3 to 5 years
|
|
0 to10
|
%
|
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
The gain or loss on the disposal of property, equipment and software is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying
amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
(j) Provision for doubtful
accounts
Provisions are made against accounts receivable to the extent collection is considered to be doubtful.
Accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets are stated net of such provision, if any. The Group has recorded $51,000 and $0 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively of provision for doubtful accounts.
(k) Impairment of long-lived assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may no longer be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on the Groups ability
to recover the carrying value of the asset or asset group from the expected future pre-tax cash flows, undiscounted and without interest charges, of the related operations. When these events occur, the Group measures and recognizes the impairment
loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset or asset group.
(l) Revenue recognition
The Group recognizes revenue from the sales of products on a gross basis when the earnings process has been completed, as evidenced by
agreement with the customer, delivery of products and transfer of title have occurred, as well as fixed or determinable pricing and probable collectibility have been assured.
F-11
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(l) Revenue recognition (contd)
Volume-based sales rebates on selected products are given to certain customers when the customers have completed a specified cumulative
level of sales transactions. The cost of such rebates are accrued in accordance with EITF Issue No. 01-9 Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendors Products) by reducing
the underlying sales transactions that are instrumental to earning the rebates based on the estimated number of customers that will ultimately earn and claim the rebates.
Payments received from customers in advance of shipment are recorded as advances from customers.
(m) Research and development costs
Research and development costs are charged to expense as
incurred.
(n) Research and development grants
Research and development grants received from PRC government agencies or private enterprises are recognized as deferred grants and offset against the corresponding research and development expenses as and when they
are incurred for the research and development projects for which these grants are received.
(o) Advertising costs
Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising costs were approximately $652,000, $678,000 and $172,000 for the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
(p) Income taxes
Current income taxes are provided on the basis of income for financial reporting purposes, adjusted for income and expense items which are
not assessable or deductible for tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions.
Deferred income taxes are provided for using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and for the expected future tax benefits from loss carry-forwards, if any. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected in the years of
recovery or reversal and the effect from a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income in the period of enactment. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax
assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion of, or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
The Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, or FIN 48,
on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 contains a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions accounted for in accordance with FASB No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. The first step is to evaluate the tax position
for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or
F-12
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(p) Income taxes (contd)
litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon
settlement. The cumulative effects of applying FIN 48 is recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company has elected to classify interest and penalties related to an uncertain tax position,
if and when required, as part of income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
(q) Foreign currency
translation
The functional currencies of the Company and its subsidiaries are their respective local currencies.
The reporting currency of the Group is the United States Dollar (USD). Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transactions. Monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured into the functional currency using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates. These exchange differences are included in the consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive income.
Those entities that use a different functional currency other than USD are translated into USD using
the applicable exchange rates at balance sheet dates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates are used for the statements of operations. Translation adjustments resulting from translation of these consolidated financial statements are
reflected as foreign currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income/ (losses) in the shareholders equity.
(r)
Share-based compensation
The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (Revised)
Share-based Payment (SFAS 123R) using the modified prospective transition approach from January 1, 2006, prior to which the Company accounted for share-based compensation arrangements with employees in accordance with
the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, (APB 25) and related interpretations thereof. Pursuant to SFAS 123R, the Company recognized share-based compensation
over the requisite service periods for any share option and restricted share granted after December 31, 2005 based on the fair values of share option and restricted share on the dates of grant. The Company continues to account for share options
that were granted prior to the initial public filing of the Companys F-1 registration statement with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on October 24, 2005 that remained unvested at December 31,
2005 under APB 25. For share-based awards granted after the initial public filing but prior to January 1, 2006, the unvested compensation cost at the effective date of adoption of SFAS 123R is computed based on the grant date fair values of
those awards. The Company does not receive any tax benefits or deductions from awards exercised.
The Company recognizes
share-based compensation using the accelerated method for all share-based awards issued prior to January 1, 2006. The Company has elected to recognize share-based compensation after the date of adoption of SFAS 123R using the straight-line
method for all share-based awards issued after January 1, 2006, which results in the recognition of less share-based compensation in the first several years during the vesting period compared to that which would have been recognized had the
Company used the accelerated method. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience and are periodically reviewed.
F-13
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(r) Share-based compensation (contd)
The Company accounts for share-based awards issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R and EITF Issue
No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services (EITF 96-18). Under SFAS 123R and EITF 96-18, the Company uses the
Black-Scholes option pricing model method to measure the value of options granted to non-employees at each reporting date to determine the appropriate charge to share-based compensation.
Prior to the Companys initial public filing, the Company accounted for employee share-based compensation using the intrinsic value
method prescribed by APB 25 and applied the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123, as amended by SFAS 148 Accounting for Stock-Based CompensationTransition and Disclosure (SFAS 148) as if the minimum value method had been
applied.
For share-based awards granted from the period between the initial public filing to December 31, 2005, the
Company accounted for employee share-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed by APB 25 and applied the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123, as amended by SFAS 148 as if the fair value method had been applied. If the fair
value method had been used, the Companys net income and net income per share for the year ended December 31, 2005 would have been adjusted to the pro forma amounts below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31
2005
|
|
|
|
(in thousands of U.S. dollars
except per share data)
|
|
Net income, as reported
|
|
16,390
|
|
Add: Share-based employee compensation expense recognized in net income
|
|
|
|
Deduct: Share-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair value method for all employee awards
*
|
|
(322
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net income
|
|
16,068
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net income attributable to preferred shareholders
|
|
(2,146
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net income attributable to ordinary shareholders
|
|
13,922
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share, as reported
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
0.16
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
0.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share, pro forma
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
0.16
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
0.13
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
Employee awards granted from the period between the initial public filing to December 31, 2005.
|
Employee share-based compensation expense
Total employee share-based compensation was approximately $1,440,000, $2,689,000 and $4,597,000 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
F-14
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(r) Share-based compensation (contd)
The Company recorded $1,440,000, $2,527,000 and $3,223,000 in expense for share options for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006
and 2007, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company recognized share-based compensation expenses of approximately $162,000 and $1,374,000 for restricted shares, respectively.
(s) Employee social security and welfare benefit plans
All Chinese employees of the Companys PRC subsidiaries participate in employee social security plans, including pension, medical, housing and other welfare benefits, organized and administered by relevant
government authorities. The premiums and welfare benefit contributions that are borne by these entities are calculated based on percentages of the total salary of employees, subject to certain ceilings and are paid to the respective labor and social
welfare authorities. The PRC government is responsible for the welfare benefit for the retired employees. The Group has no obligation for post retirement or other welfare benefits beyond the annual contributions.
The welfare benefits expenses were approximately $969,000, $1,856,000 and $2,792,000 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and
2007, respectively.
(t) Profit appropriation
The PRC subsidiaries of the Group are required to make appropriations to statutory reserve funds based on after-tax net income, after recouping prior years losses, determined in accordance with PRC GAAP.
Vimicro China is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise established in the PRC. In accordance with the The Law of the
Peoples Republic of China on Enterprises Operated Exclusively with Foreign Capital, Vimicro China should set aside at least 10% of its net profit, after recouping prior years losses, determined under PRC GAAP to a statutory reserve
fund before distributions to investors. The appropriation of the net profit to the statutory reserve fund must be made annually until the accumulated reserve fund exceeds 50% of Vimicro Chinas registered capital.
During the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 the PRC subsidiary appropriated approximately $1,437,000, $1,295,000 and
$50,000 respectively to this statutory reserve fund, which is not available for distribution except in liquidation.
(u) Segment reporting
The Group follows SFAS No. 131 Disclosures about Segment of an Enterprise and Related Information. The
Group operates and manages its business as a single segment.
(v) Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income is defined as the changes in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events or
circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive income includes foreign currency translation adjustments arising from the consolidation of the Companys foreign subsidiaries.
F-15
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(w) Income/ (loss) per share
The Group has computed net income /(loss) per share under two methods, basic and diluted. Basic net income /(loss) per share is computed by dividing net income /(loss) by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares
outstanding for the period. Diluted net income /(loss) per share is computed by dividing net income /(loss) by the sum of the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding and potential ordinary shares when dilutive.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income /(loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended December 31
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share data)
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
16,390
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
Amount allocated to participating preferred shareholders
|
|
(2,169
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerator for basic income/ (loss) per share
|
|
14,221
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
Numerator for diluted income/ (loss) per share
|
|
14,221
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
Denominator (in thousands of shares):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding
|
|
89,639
|
|
|
137,593
|
|
139,710
|
|
Effect of dilutive share options (including restricted shares)
|
|
15,774
|
|
|
9,369
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator for diluted income per share
|
|
105,413
|
|
|
146,962
|
|
139,710
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic income/ (loss) per share
|
|
0.16
|
|
|
0.07
|
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted income/ (loss) per share
|
|
0.13
|
|
|
0.07
|
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In accordance with SFAS No. 128, Computation of Earnings Per
Share (SFAS No. 128) and EITF Issue 03-06, Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method under FASB Statement No. 128, basic income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary
shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between ordinary shares and participating securities based on their
participating rights. The Companys Series A Preferred Shares are participating securities and were included in the computation of basic income per share for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Diluted income per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders as adjusted for the effect of
dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted-average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of the ordinary shares issuable upon the conversion of
the convertible preferred shares (using the if-converted method) and ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share options (using the treasury stock method).
Potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the calculation of diluted income per share because of their anti-dilutive effects include the Companys share options of 1,857,700
and 12,850,200 as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2007, stock options outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share because the Group incurred losses for the year
ended December 31, 2007 making such options anti- dilutive.
F-16
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(x) Operating leases
Rental payments under operating leases are charged to expense based on a straight- line method over the period of the leases.
(y) Land use
rights
Land use rights include prepayments towards acquisition and land use rights acquired. Land use rights
acquired are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment loss. Land use rights are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives.
(z) Recent accounting pronouncements
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) issued SFAS 157 Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value, establishes guidelines for measuring fair value and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years
beginning after November 15, 2007. However in February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-2 which delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at
fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt SFAS 157 except for nonfinancial assets
and nonfinancial liabilities as specified in FSP FAS 157-2 beginning January 1, 2008 and does not believe that will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position and results of operations. The Company is currently evaluating the
impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159). SFAS 159 permits companies to choose to measure certain financial instruments and
certain other items at fair value. The standard requires that unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected be reported in earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of
fiscal year 2008, although earlier adoption is permitted. The adoption of SFAS 159 will not have a material impact on the Companys consolidated financial statements.
In June 2007, the FASB ratified the Emerging Issue Task Force Issue No. 07-3 Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services to Be Used in Future Research and
Development Activities (EITF 07-3). EITF 07-3 requires that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and capitalized, and
recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or services are performed. EITF 07-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007 and shall be applied prospectively. The Company does not believe that the adoption
of EITF 07-3 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December
2007, Statement No. 141 (revised) Business Combinations (SFAS 141R) was issued by the FASB. SFAS 141R applies to all transactions or other events in which an entity obtains control of one or more business and changes the
accounting for business combinations. SFAS 141R requires recognition of the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree measured at their fair value at acquisition date, including full amounts of their
fair value in step acquisition, those arising from qualified
F-17
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
2.
|
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD)
|
(z) Recent accounting pronouncements (contd)
contingencies and contingent consideration. A gain from a bargain purchase is recognized as earnings attributable to the acquirer. SFAS 141R is effective for
fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company expects no material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial position upon adoption of SFAS 141R.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160 Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statementsan amendment of ARB
No. 51 (SFAS 160), which clarifies that a noncontrolling interests in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. The statement
revises the accounting for changes in a parents controlling ownership interest. SFAS 160 is effective for the Company from January 1, 2009. The Company does not believe that the application of SFAS 160 will have a significant impact on
its consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission
issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 110 (SAB 110), which states that the staff will continue to accept, under certain circumstances, the use of the simplified method for estimating the expected term of plain vanilla share
options in accordance wit SFAS 123(R) beyond December 31, 2007. The Company expects no material impact on its financial statements upon adoption of SAB 110.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161 Disclosure About Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. The new standard requires
enhanced disclosures about an entitys derivative and hedging activities. Statement 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged.
The Company will adopt SFAS No. 161 beginning January 1, 2009 and expects no material effect on its financial position, financial performance and cash flows.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Finished goods
|
|
7,429
|
|
9,243
|
Work in process
|
|
4,526
|
|
4,200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,955
|
|
13,443
|
|
|
|
|
|
Work in process was written down to net realizable values by approximately
$1,525,000 and $1,893,000 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Finished goods were written down to net realizable values by approximately $1,056,000 and $1,923,000 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
F-18
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
4.
|
PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Receivable from employees
|
|
103
|
|
60
|
Hong Kong withholding tax refundable (Note 13(a))
|
|
982
|
|
978
|
Prepayments to suppliers and other third parties
|
|
2,001
|
|
1,221
|
Other receivables
|
|
267
|
|
639
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,353
|
|
2,898
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.
|
INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Cost
|
|
256
|
|
|
266
|
|
Share of loss of an associate
|
|
(110
|
)
|
|
(109
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
157
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2007, the details of an investment in an associate were as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Place and date of
incorporation
|
|
Percentage of equity
interest held
|
|
|
Fully paid and
registered capital*
|
|
Principal activities
|
Shenzhen Haoxing Information Technology Corporation (HIT)
|
|
The PRC, June 10, 2002
|
|
50.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
483,000
|
|
Design and sales of consumer electronic products
|
*
|
This amount was translated from Renminbi at the then historical rate.
|
6.
|
PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE, NET
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Cost:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equipment and office furniture
|
|
5,043
|
|
|
7,151
|
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
945
|
|
|
1,551
|
|
Mask and tooling
|
|
2,815
|
|
|
3,402
|
|
Motor vehicles
|
|
820
|
|
|
1,015
|
|
Software
|
|
2,956
|
|
|
1,318
|
|
Construction in progress
|
|
18
|
|
|
220
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,597
|
|
|
14,657
|
|
Less: accumulated depreciation
|
|
(4,099
|
)
|
|
(6,408
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,498
|
|
|
8,249
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
were approximately $ 1,553,000, $ 2,789,000 and $3,378,000 respectively.
F-19
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
4,948
|
|
Less: accumulated amortization
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
were nil, nil and $9,000, respectively.
8.
|
ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Accrued salary and welfare expenses
|
|
944
|
|
1,570
|
Accrued professional fees
|
|
1,990
|
|
892
|
Accrued sales rebates
|
|
157
|
|
|
Other payables
|
|
2,624
|
|
900
|
Other accrued expenses
|
|
357
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,072
|
|
3,510
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary
Shares
Following the Reorganization (note 1) on May 17, 2004, the Company has an authorized share capital of
500,000,000 Ordinary Shares of par value at $0.0001 each, which was subsequently subdivided into 484,352,868 Ordinary Shares and 15,647,132 Preferred Shares at par value of $0.0001 each. On the same day, the Company issued 82,147,440 Ordinary Shares
to the former owners of Vimicro China in exchange for their interests in Vimicro China as described in Note 1. The share capital of the Company has been retroactively restated as if the Companys Ordinary Shares were issued from the beginning
of the earliest period presented. The additional paid-in capital on Ordinary Shares represents the difference between the share capital of the Company and the capital of Vimicro China.
In October 2005, certain share option holders exercised their options totaling 14,241,437 shares, among which 2,715,000 options were not
vested. These early exercised shares had the following features:
The Companys right to purchase
These shares were subject to the Companys right to repurchase during the remaining vesting periods if the optionees employment
with the Company is terminated for any reason during the vesting periods. If the Company exercises its right of repurchase, the price to be paid shall be the lower of the exercise price per share paid by the optionees to the Company pursuant to the
option agreement or the fair value of the shares at the date of repurchase.
F-20
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
9.
|
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTD)
|
Restriction on transfer
The optionee
shall not transfer the shares acquired through early exercise of the unvested options during the vesting period.
Early
exercised Ordinary Shares are excluded from basic EPS until the shares are vested and the Companys right to repurchase these shares has lapsed. From the date of exercise to December 31, 2005, 745,000 shares out of 2,715,000 restricted
Ordinary Shares became vested and treated as Ordinary Shares. During the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, 1,320,000 and 280,000 shares became vested and treated as Ordinary Shares, respectively. 120,000 early exercised Ordinary Shares
are non-vested as of December 31, 2007.
On November 15, 2005, the Company completed its initial public offering of
8,697,063 American Depositary Shares (ADS), representing 34,788,252 ordinary shares, at $10.00 per ADS (or $2.50 per ordinary share). Of these, 6,750,000 ADSs, representing 27,000,000 ordinary shares, were sold to the public by the
Company, and 1,947,063 ADSs, representing 7,788,252 ordinary shares, were sold to the public by the Companys selling shareholders. After deducting commissions and other offering expenses, the Company received net proceeds of $59.1 million.
15,217,150 Preferred Shares were converted into an equal number of ordinary shares effective upon the completion of the
Companys initial public offering.
10.
|
REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SHARES
|
In October 2004, the Group issued an aggregate of 15,217,150 shares of redeemable convertible preferred shares (Preferred Shares) in a private placement at a price of $1.5977 per share to a group of
institutional and private investors (collectively, the Preferred Shareholders). The preferred shareholders were entitled to certain preferences, such as liquidation, redemption and dividend preferences over Ordinary Shareholders. All
preferred shares were converted automatically into equal number of ordinary shares in November 2005 upon the initial public offering of the ADS of the Company.
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, there were no preferred shares issued and outstanding.
11.
|
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
|
The Company has three share option plans to honor the contributions of employees and non-employee consultants. The first plan is a discretionary share option plan adopted in March 2004 concurrent with the
Reorganization of the Company. The second share option plan was adopted in March 2004 (the 2004 Plan). The third plan was later adopted in November 2005 (the 2005 Plan) to replace the 2004 Plan. Details of each plan and the
respective share-based compensation are as follows:
No income tax benefit was recognized in the statements of operations
and comprehensive income for share-based compensation arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 as no tax deduction was claimed.
The Company expects to issue new ordinary shares to satisfy share option exercises.
F-21
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
11.
|
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTD)
|
Discretionary share options
:
Employee
options:
Concurrent with the Reorganization of the Company, the Companys shareholders approved the grant of share
options to certain employees to honor the Companys promises to issue share options upon the formalization of the share capital and option structures of the Company.
The Company did not record any employee share-based compensation prior to 2004 because the shareholders had not approved the grant of share options and Companys legal capital structure as
well as the legal environment in which the Company operated did not allow the employees to exercise the promised options.
In March 2004, the shareholders of the Company passed a resolution to grant a total of 17,574,448 discretionary share options to employees of Vimicro China at an exercise price ranging from $0.01 to $0.60 each, and a vesting period ranging
from 0 to 5 years and an exercise period of 10 years from the date of grant. 6,690,898 of these discretionary share options were immediately vested to honor the previous promised provisionally issuable share options, with the remaining 10,883,550
options to be vested over a period of 1 to 5 years for future services. The fair value of the Companys ordinary shares as of March 2004 of $1.14 per share and the intrinsic value ranging from $0.54 to $1.13 per share have been used to measure
the compensation expenses. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company recognized compensation expenses under APB 25 of approximately $1,440,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005. After the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company recognized
compensation expenses of approximately $199,000 and $70,000 respectively for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007.
Non-employee options:
In March 2004, the shareholders of the Company passed a resolution to grant a total
of 2,323,500 discretionary share options to non-employee consultants at an exercise price ranging from $0.01 to $0.60 each and a vesting period ranging from 0 to 5 years and an exercise period of 10 years from the date of grant. 2,050,500 of these
discretionary share options were immediately vested to honor the previous provisionally issued share options due to non-employee consultants for services previously rendered, with the remaining 273,000 options to be vested over a period ranging from
1 to 4 years for future services. The Company recorded consultancy fees with respect to research and development activities of approximately $145,000, $155,000 and $7,000 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively.
2004 Share Option Plan:
In March 2004, the shareholders of the Company passed a resolution to adopt a 2004 Share Option Plan (the 2004 Plan) that provides for the granting of share options to employees and non-employee consultants of the Company. The
Company has reserved 12,541,080 Ordinary Shares for grant under the 2004 Plan.
Options granted under the 2004 Plan have a
vesting period of 5 years. The vesting schedule is as follows:
|
|
|
20% of the share options will vest 1 year after the grant date, and subsequently,
|
|
|
|
10% of the share options shall vest semi-annually over the next 4 years, or 1/60 of the shares options shall vest monthly over the next 4 years.
|
F-22
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
11.
|
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTD)
|
Each option has a term of 10 years from the date of grant. The Board of Directors may terminate the Plan at any time at its discretion.
The 2004 Plan was terminated in November 2005, and the remaining options available for grant were transferred to the 2005
Share Option Plan.
Employee options:
Under the 2004 Plan, the Company granted share options to employees as summarized below:
|
|
|
|
|
Grant year
|
|
Number of shares
|
|
Exercise price range
|
2004
|
|
7,305,400
|
|
1.60
|
2005
|
|
2,701,200
|
|
1.80~3.00
|
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company did not recognize compensation
expenses in connection with these options granted because the exercise price of these options was greater than the estimated fair value of the underlying Ordinary Shares as of each grant date. After the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company recognized
compensation expenses of approximately $449,000 and $77,000 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, related to the 980,400 options granted on October 28, 2005 which were valued using the fair-value method. For the other options
measured using the minimum value method, following the transition provision of SFAS 123R, the Company continued to account for the portion of awards outstanding using APB25, which was the accounting principle originally applied.
Non-employee options:
Under the 2004 Plan, for the service of non-employee consultants, the Company granted share options to non-employees as summarized below:
|
|
|
|
|
Grant year
|
|
Number of shares
|
|
Exercise price range
|
2004
|
|
286,800
|
|
1.60
|
2005
|
|
378,000
|
|
1.80~2.50
|
The Company estimated that the fair values of the consultancy services provided
approximate the estimated fair values of the share options granted to the consultants. The Company recorded consultancy fee expense with respect to research and development activities of approximately $126,000, $294,000 and $62,000 for the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively.
2005 Share Option Plan:
Employee options:
In
November 2005, the shareholders of the Company passed a resolution to adopt a 2005 Share Option Plan (the 2005 Plan) to replace the 2004 Plan that provides for the granting of share options to employees and non-employee consultants of
the Company. All 3,065,505 share options, which were not issued under the 2004 option Plan were transferred to the 2005 plan. Subsequently, another 10,000,000 shares were authorized for future grant. Option grants thereafter shall be made under
the new 2005 plan and no new options shall be granted
F-23
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
11.
|
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTD)
|
under the 2004 plan. The Company has reserved 13,065,505 Ordinary Shares for grant under the 2005 Plan. On December 14, 2006, another 8,000,000 share
options were authorized for grants in year of 2007.
Options granted under the 2005 Plan have vesting periods of 5 years or
3 years.
|
|
|
For options with 5 years vesting period, the vesting schedule is as follows:
|
|
|
|
20% of the share options will vest 1 year after the grant date, and subsequently,
|
|
|
|
10% of the share options shall vest semi-annually over the next 4 years.
|
|
|
|
For options with 3 years vesting period, 1/3 of the share options will vest 1 year after the grant date and 1/6 shall vest semi-annually over the next 2 years.
|
Each granted option has a term of 10 years from the date of grant. The Board of Directors may terminate
the 2005 Plan at any time at its discretion.
Under the 2005 Plan, the Company granted share options to employees as
summarized below:
|
|
|
|
|
Grant year
|
|
Number of shares
|
|
Exercise price range
|
2005
|
|
313,200
|
|
2.27
|
2006
|
|
11,794,200
|
|
2.48~4.55
|
2007
|
|
3,577,800
|
|
0.97~2.54
|
The Company recognized $1,879,000 and $3,076,000 in share-based compensation
expense, representing the grant date fair value of these options for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 respectively.
There were no capitalized share-based compensation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
Restricted
sharesemployees:
Under the 2005 Plan, the Company granted a total of 1,584,600 restricted shares as of
December 31, 2007 to employees with a vesting period of within 1 year or 5 years.
The Company recognized $162,000 and
$1,374,000 in share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 respectively.
Non-employee options:
Under the 2005 Plan, as of December 31, 2007, for services provided by non-employee consultants, the Company
granted share options to non-employees as summarized below:
|
|
|
|
|
Grant year
|
|
Number of shares
|
|
Exercise price range
|
2006
|
|
1,111,500
|
|
1,60~4.55
|
2007
|
|
23,000
|
|
1.11~2.54
|
F-24
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
11.
|
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTD)
|
The Company estimated that the fair values of the consultancy services provided approximate the estimated fair values of the share options
granted to the consultants. The Company recorded consultancy fee expense with respect to research and development activities of approximately $277,000 and $191,000 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Restricted sharesNon-employees:
Under the 2005 Plan, the Company granted 200,000 restricted shares with a vesting period of 3 years and 20,000 restricted shares with a vesting period of 1 year to non-employees. The vesting schedule is that 1/36 of the restricted shares
will vest each month and 100% vested in one year after the grant date, respectively.
The Company recognized $73,000 and
$90,000 in expense for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
A summary of all share options
granted (including to both employees and non-employees) as of December 31, 2007 is presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
options
|
|
|
Weighted-
average
exercise price
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2006
|
|
24,107,532
|
|
|
1.98
|
Options granted
|
|
3,600,800
|
|
|
1.50
|
Options exercised
|
|
(89,005
|
)
|
|
0.57
|
Options forfeited/cancelled
|
|
(4,364,423
|
)
|
|
2.32
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
|
|
23,254,904
|
|
|
1.85
|
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2007
|
|
19,908,728
|
|
|
1.77
|
Total intrinsic value of options exercised for the three years ended
December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 was nil, $2,601,000 and $103,000, respectively.
The weighted-average grant date fair
value of options granted for each of the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 was $0.65, $1.96 and $0.96, respectively.
As of December 31, 2007, there was $10,611,000 of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to share options. The unrecognized share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a
weighted-average vesting period of 3.57 years. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from the original estimate, actual share based compensation related to these awards may be different from the expectation.
A summary of restricted shares granted (including to both employees and non-employees) as of December 31, 2007 is presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
restricted
shares
|
|
|
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
|
Restricted Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-vested at December 31, 2006
|
|
495,378
|
|
|
3.35
|
Granted
|
|
1,002,000
|
|
|
1.59
|
Vested
|
|
(422,568
|
)
|
|
2.11
|
Forfeited/cancelled
|
|
(92,000
|
)
|
|
2.01
|
Non-vested at December 31, 2007
|
|
982,810
|
|
|
2.21
|
F-25
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
11.
|
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTD)
|
As of December 31, 2007, there was $888,000 of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to restricted shares. The
unrecognized share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 2.21 years. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from the original estimate, actual share-based compensation
related to these awards may be different from the expectation.
The total fair value of shares vested was $559,000 in 2007.
The effects of application of SFAS 123R on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the year
ended December 31, 2006 are summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
December 31, 2006
|
Decrease in net income from continuing operations
|
|
2,108
|
Decrease in income before income tax expense
|
|
2,108
|
Decrease in net income
|
|
2,108
|
Decrease in basic net income per share
|
|
0.02
|
Decrease in diluted net income per share
|
|
0.01
|
The following table summarizes information with respect to options outstanding as
of December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options outstanding
|
|
Options exercisable
|
Range of
exercise
price
|
|
Number of
options
outstanding
|
|
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
|
|
Weighted
average
exercise
price
|
|
Intrinsic
value as of
Dec.31,
2007
|
|
Number of
options
exercisable
|
|
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
|
|
Weighted
average
exercise
price
|
|
Intrinsic
value as of
Dec.31,
2007
|
0.01-0.03
|
|
587,500
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.02
|
|
543,296
|
|
536,667
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.01
|
|
496,656
|
0.12-0.20
|
|
1,287,100
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.12
|
|
1,053,157
|
|
1,227,100
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.12
|
|
1,003,986
|
0.24-0.32
|
|
795,000
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.24
|
|
556,428
|
|
795,000
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.24
|
|
556,428
|
0.42-0.48
|
|
90,700
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.43
|
|
46,065
|
|
90,200
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.43
|
|
45,806
|
0.60
|
|
1,331,000
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.60
|
|
449,333
|
|
917,000
|
|
6.21
|
|
0.60
|
|
309,570
|
0.97
|
|
124,500
|
|
9.96
|
|
0.97
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.11-1.18
|
|
354,000
|
|
9.76
|
|
1.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.25-1.29
|
|
935,000
|
|
9.52
|
|
1.27
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3-1.38
|
|
488,600
|
|
9.31
|
|
1.33
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.47
|
|
240,000
|
|
9.49
|
|
1.47
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.56-1.57
|
|
387,200
|
|
9.33
|
|
1.57
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.60
|
|
4,892,356
|
|
7.08
|
|
1.60
|
|
|
|
2,892,735
|
|
7.02
|
|
1.60
|
|
|
1.73
|
|
299,000
|
|
9.14
|
|
1.73
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.80
|
|
129,748
|
|
7.08
|
|
1.80
|
|
|
|
74,270
|
|
7.08
|
|
1.80
|
|
|
2.10
|
|
375,800
|
|
7.33
|
|
2.10
|
|
|
|
220,950
|
|
7.33
|
|
2.10
|
|
|
2.27
|
|
208,700
|
|
7.99
|
|
2.27
|
|
|
|
80,800
|
|
7.99
|
|
2.27
|
|
|
2.48-2.58
|
|
8,250,000
|
|
8.55
|
|
2.51
|
|
|
|
1,849,800
|
|
8.47
|
|
2.50
|
|
|
2.75-2.82
|
|
1,114,900
|
|
8.21
|
|
2.79
|
|
|
|
329,330
|
|
8.19
|
|
2.79
|
|
|
3.00-3.37
|
|
873,500
|
|
7.99
|
|
3.08
|
|
|
|
322,350
|
|
7.85
|
|
3.06
|
|
|
4.23-4.55
|
|
490,300
|
|
8.29
|
|
4.45
|
|
|
|
148,350
|
|
8.29
|
|
4.45
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,254,904
|
|
7.86
|
|
1.85
|
|
2,648,279
|
|
9,484,552
|
|
7.10
|
|
1.43
|
|
2,412,446
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-26
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
11.
|
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTD)
|
The estimated grant date fair values of each option outstanding for employee and non-employee range from $nil to $3.36 and $0.64 to $4.41,
respectively, based on the market price of the underlying Ordinary Shares, the exercise prices of the options, and the following assumptions input into the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
Employee:
The assumptions below are
for options with 5 years vesting period after grant date.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
Risk-free interest rates (%)
(1)
|
|
2.66-4.46
|
|
4.55-5.05
|
|
3.83-5.10
|
Expected life
(2)
|
|
5 years
|
|
6.4 years
|
|
6.4 years
|
Expected dividend yield (%)
(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected volatility (%)
(4)
|
|
0 and 65
|
|
65
|
|
65
|
The assumptions below are for options with 3 years vesting period after grant
date.
|
|
|
|
|
2007
|
Risk-free interest rates (%)
(1)
|
|
4.97
|
Expected life
(2)
|
|
3.9 years
|
Expected dividend yield (%)
(3)
|
|
|
Expected volatility (%)
(4)
|
|
65
|
(1)
|
The risk-free interest rate is based on the United States Treasury Bill for a term of 5 or 7 years which is approximately consistent with the expected life of
the awards.
|
(2)
|
The Company uses the simplified method specified in SAB 107 to calculate the expected life of stock options for employees.
|
(3)
|
The Company currently has no history or expectation of paying dividends on its ordinary shares.
|
(4)
|
Prior to the Companys initial public filing, the Company applied the minimum value method. Subsequent to the Companys initial public filing, the
Company estimated volatility based on the average volatilities of comparable public companies prior to 2007. In 2007, the Company estimated volatility based on the historical volatilities of the Company and comparable public companies.
|
Non-employee:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
Risk-free interest rates (%)
(1)
|
|
2.66-4.46
|
|
4.60-5.10
|
|
4.19-4.78
|
Expected life
(2)
|
|
5 years
|
|
5 years
|
|
5 years
|
Expected dividend yield (%)
(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected volatility (%)
(4)
|
|
39.66 and 65
|
|
65
|
|
65
|
(1)
|
The risk-free interest rate is based on the United States Treasury Bill for a term of 5 years consistent with the expected life of the awards.
|
(2)
|
The Company uses the vesting term 5 years as the expected life of stock options for non-employees.
|
(3)
|
The Company currently has no history or expectation of paying dividends on its common stock.
|
(4)
|
The Company estimated volatility based on the average volatilities of comparable public companies prior to 2007. In 2007, the Company estimated volatility based
on the historical volatilities of the Company and comparable public companies.
|
F-27
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
12.
|
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Research and development
|
|
10,023
|
|
|
20,584
|
|
|
23,888
|
|
Less: Grants
|
|
(1,921
|
)
|
|
(3,264
|
)
|
|
(3,849
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development, net
|
|
8,102
|
|
|
17,320
|
|
|
20,039
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There is no assurance that the Company will continue to receive such grants.
(a) Income taxes
Income taxes of the Group are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Current income tax (expense)/ benefit
|
|
(3,378
|
)
|
|
2,046
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Deferred income tax benefit/ (expense)
|
|
2,186
|
|
|
(2,576
|
)
|
|
104
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax (expense)/ benefit
|
|
(1,192
|
)
|
|
(530
|
)
|
|
99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The components of income/(loss) before income taxes are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Income arising from China operations
|
|
18,709
|
|
|
13,132
|
|
|
895
|
|
(Loss)/income arising from non-China operations
|
|
(1,123
|
)
|
|
(2,899
|
)
|
|
(2,999
|
)
|
U.S.
|
|
78
|
|
|
347
|
|
|
52
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
(124
|
)
|
|
(1,858
|
)
|
|
(251
|
)
|
Cayman
|
|
(1,077
|
)
|
|
(1,388
|
)
|
|
(2,800
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/ (loss) before taxes and loss of an associate
|
|
17,586
|
|
|
10,233
|
|
|
(2,104
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax (expense)/ benefit relating to
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
China operations
|
|
(983
|
)
|
|
(598
|
)
|
|
101
|
|
Income tax (expense)/ benefit relating to non-China operations
|
|
(209
|
)
|
|
68
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
U.S.
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
(133
|
)
|
|
(2
|
)
|
Hong Kong
|
|
(201
|
)
|
|
201
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,192
|
)
|
|
(530
|
)
|
|
99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As a result of the adoption of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007, the Company did not
have any cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2007. The Company will classify interests and penalties in accordance with FIN 48, if and when required. As of and for the twelve-month period
ended December 31, 2007, no unrecognized tax benefits or interests and penalties have been recognized.
F-28
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
(a) Income taxes (contd)
The Company's tax years from 2002 through 2007, are still open for examination in various tax jurisdictions. The Company does not
anticipate any significant change within 12 months of this report date of its uncertain tax positions.
As at
December 31, 2007, the Group has tax losses from its subsidiaries in China totaling approximately $270,000 which will expire in 2012. The full amount of the corresponding deferred tax benefit of $67,000 was not recognized.
The Peoples Republic of China:
Prior to the Reorganization, Vimicro China was governed by the Enterprise Income Tax Law. Vimicro China qualified as an advanced technology enterprise, and was subject to the applicable enterprise income tax (EIT)
rate of 15%. In addition, Vimicro China was entitled to an income tax exemption for 3 years from 2000 to 2002, and a preferential tax rate of 7.5% for 3 years from 2003 to 2005.
On March 8, 2004, Vimicro China was approved as a Foreign Investment Advanced Technology Enterprise by the Ministry of
Commerce of the Peoples Republic of China, and is entitled to a preferential tax rate at 10% for 3 years from 2006 to 2008.
Pursuant to the Reorganization, Vimicro China became a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in 2004, and is governed by the Income Tax Law of the Peoples Republic of China concerning Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreign
Enterprises from 2004 to 2007. Notwithstanding the change in its legal status, Vimicro China is still entitled to the above-mentioned tax incentives applicable to advanced technology enterprises.
In March 2007, the National Peoples Congress adopted the New Enterprise Income Tax Law (New EIT Law), which became
effective as of January 1, 2008. Under the New EIT Law, the enterprise income tax rate for domestic and foreign enterprises is unified at 25% and enterprises established prior to March 16, 2007 that were eligible for preferential tax
treatment according to the effective PRC EIT Law for Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises tax laws and administrative regulations shall be subject to transitional rules to gradually change their rates to 25%. Certain qualified
high and new technology companies may be entitled to a 15% preferential tax rate if they meet the definition of qualified high and new technology enterprise strongly supported by the state set out in the Implementation Rules
of the New EIT Law. The Implementation Rules of the New EIT Law as well as a series of clarification rules were promulgated by the State Council and its competent authorities in December 2007 and early 2008. In accordance with the implementation
rules of the New EIT Law, the existing preferential tax treatments granted to PRC entities that previously qualified for high and new technology enterprise will not automatically be applicable to these entities unless they qualify as a
high and new technology enterprise under the New EIT Law. Although based on the New EIT Law, implementation rules, as well as the administrative measures, Vimicro China believes that it will qualify as high and new technology
enterprise strongly supported by the State, Vimicro China will be subject to statutory tax rate of 25% until it receives official approval for the new status.
Under the New EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with effective management located in the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will normally be subject to the enterprise
income tax at the rate of 25% on its global income. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that any of the entities in the group registered outside PRC should be deemed a resident enterprise, they will be subject to PRC income tax at a
rate of 25%.
Furthermore, under the New EIT Law, dividends, interest, rent or royalties payable by a foreign investment
enterprise to any of its foreign non-resident enterprise investors shall be subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless
F-29
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
(a) Income taxes (contd)
such foreign enterprise investors jurisdiction of incorporation has signed a tax treaty or arrangement for the avoidance of double taxation and the
prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income with China that provides for a reduced rate of withholding tax. The subsequent circular issued in January 2008 stipulates that no income tax will be withheld on the distribution of
earnings of foreign invested enterprises where the relevant earnings were generated before January 1, 2008, but distributed in 2008 and beyond. However, the income tax withholding rate will be 10% or the lower treaty rate on earnings generated
after December 31, 2007.
Vimicro China, as an advanced technology enterprise, is entitled to an extra 50% R&D
expense deduction.
The composition of income tax expense relating to China operations is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Current income tax (expense)/ benefit
|
|
(3,032
|
)
|
|
2,178
|
|
|
|
Deferred income tax benefit /(expense)
|
|
2,049
|
|
|
(2,776
|
)
|
|
101
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax (expense)/ benefit
|
|
(983
|
)
|
|
(598
|
)
|
|
101
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table sets forth the reconciliation between the statutory EIT rate
and the effective tax rate for the Companys China operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
Statutory tax rate
|
|
33%
|
|
33%
|
|
33%
|
Effect of preferential tax treatment
|
|
(26)%
|
|
(23)%
|
|
(25)%
|
Additional R&D deduction
|
|
(1)%
|
|
(5)%
|
|
(3)%
|
Other permanent differences
|
|
|
|
|
|
3%
|
Change in tax rate
|
|
(1)%
|
|
|
|
(29)%
|
Change in valuation allowance
|
|
|
|
|
|
10%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effective income tax rate
|
|
5%
|
|
5%
|
|
(11)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table sets forth the effects of the tax holidays granted to the
entities of the Company for the periods presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in thousands, except per share
amount)
|
Tax holiday effect
|
|
4,771
|
|
3,020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic net income per share effect
|
|
0.05
|
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cayman Islands
Under the current tax laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gains. In addition, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed on payments of
dividends by the Company to its shareholders.
F-30
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
(a) Income taxes (contd)
United States of America
Viewtel, the
subsidiary incorporated in the United States of America, is subject to state income tax and federal income tax at different tax rates, depending upon taxable income levels. Viewtel had income tax expenses of approximately $8,000, $132,650 and $2,000
in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Hong Kong
Vimicro Hong Kong, the Hong Kong subsidiary, is subject to an applicable Hong Kong profit tax rate of 17.5% in 2005. Vimicro Hong Kong had income tax expenses of approximately $201,000 in 2005.
Under the current tax laws of Hong Kong, an entity established outside of Hong Kong is subject to a 5.25% withholding tax on royalty
income received from an entity established in Hong Kong, regardless of whether the two entities are under common control by the same holding company. Vimicro Hong Kong makes royalty payments to Vimicro China for certain technologies licensed from
Vimicro China. Accordingly, Vimicro China is subject to a 5.25% withholding tax on royalties received from Vimicro Hong Kong, which Vimicro Hong Kong withheld and paid over to the tax authorities in Hong Kong on behalf of Vimicro China. Upon
approval by the relevant PRC tax authorities, the amount of withholding tax paid on royalty income to the Hong Kong tax authority can be treated as a foreign tax credit by Vimicro China. Thus, it can be used to offset the tax payable on the same
source of income for PRC tax purpose.
Vimicro Hong Kong filed for offshore status with the HK tax authorities in 2006. The
Company assessed and concluded it is more likely than not that Vimicro Hong Kong would satisfy the requirements of obtaining offshore status and would not be subject to Hong Kong profit tax and withholding tax on royalty income. Accordingly, Vimicro
Hong Kong recorded a withholding tax refundable of approximately $982,000 as of December 31, 2006. In addition, Vimicro Hong Kong reversed all tax account balances related to the onshore filing positions and recognized a tax benefit of $201,000
for the year ended December 31, 2006, as a result of changing its filing position. The offshore position claim of Vimicro Hong Kong is subject to Hong Kong tax authorities approval as of December 31, 2007.
(b) Deferred tax
The Groups significant
components of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of year end are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for doubtful accounts and slow-moving inventories
|
|
19
|
|
|
6
|
|
Operating loss carry forwards
|
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
Other accruals
|
|
151
|
|
|
277
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets
|
|
170
|
|
|
350
|
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
|
|
(67
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax assets
|
|
170
|
|
|
283
|
|
Less: Current portion of deferred tax assets
|
|
(170
|
)
|
|
(283
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets, non-current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Differences in tax basis for property equipment and software
|
|
30
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax liabilities, non-current
|
|
30
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-31
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
(b) Deferred tax (contd)
PRC
Subject to the approval of the
relevant tax authorities, Vimicro China had deferred tax assets consisting of deductible temporary differences totaling approximately $168,000 and $281,000 as at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, Vimicro Hong Kong filed its offshore position. Accordingly, Vimicro China reversed its
previously recognized deferred tax asset of approximately $2,605,000 in connection with the withholding tax on royalty income from Vimicro Hong Kong, and at the same time, Vimicro China also recorded a payable to the PRC tax authorities for the
amount of approximately $1,015,000 for the foreign tax credit previously claimed on the withholding tax.
As of
December 31, 2006, no valuation allowance was provided against the deferred tax asset as it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized. Subject to the approval of the relevant tax authorities, the Companys PRC subsidiaries
had losses carried forward of approximately $270,000 with related deferred tax benefit of $67,000 as of December 31, 2007, which will expire in 2012. As of December 31, 2007, full valuation allowance of $67,000 was provided on the losses
carried forward as it is more likely than not that the Group will not be able to utilize the loss carry-forwards before expiration.
USA
Viewtel had no material deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2006 and 2007.
Hong Kong
As Vimicro Hong Kong filed
for offshore status for Hong Kong profit tax purpose in 2006, all deferred tax assets and liabilities previously recognized under the onshore position have been reversed as of December 31, 2006.
(a) PRC Value Added
Tax (VAT)
According to the value-added tax policy from the relevant tax authorities, the sales of
integrated circuits (IC, including mono crystalline silicon chips) by Vimicro China is subject to an output VAT of 17%, while the purchase of products by Vimicro China is subject to an input VAT tax rate of 17%. VAT payable or receivable is the
net difference between periodic output VAT and deductible input VAT.
(b) PRC Business Tax (BT)
According to PRC business tax policy, service income generally is subject to BT at 5%. Vimicro Corporation is entitled to BT exemption on
income arising from or related to technology transfers provided these technology transfer agreements are registered with the relevant government agencies. Vimicro Corporation also has incidental customer technology service income which is subject to
BT at 5%.
F-32
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
The Group operates in a single business segment. The following table summarizes information regarding the distribution of revenue and long-lived assets by geographic region:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Revenue distribution
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mainland China
|
|
5,567
|
|
5,528
|
|
2,423
|
Hong Kong
|
|
89,710
|
|
121,036
|
|
90,330
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
95,277
|
|
126,564
|
|
92,753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Long-lived Assets
|
|
|
|
|
Mainland China
|
|
5,929
|
|
11,150
|
Hong Kong
|
|
2,976
|
|
2,829
|
U.S.A
|
|
383
|
|
331
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,288
|
|
14,310
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table summarizes the Groups revenues for each product class
for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
PC camera multimedia products
|
|
36,345
|
|
46,917
|
|
38,869
|
Image sensors
|
|
35,430
|
|
41,019
|
|
19,422
|
Mobile phone multimedia processors
|
|
20,774
|
|
30,277
|
|
24,003
|
Other products
|
|
2,728
|
|
8,351
|
|
10,459
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
95,277
|
|
126,564
|
|
92,753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) Operating lease
commitments
The Group entered into various operating lease arrangements with various expiration dates relating to
office facilities, corporate apartments and software for research and development. Future minimum lease payments for non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2007 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Payable in:
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2,468
|
2009
|
|
739
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,207
|
|
|
|
F-33
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
(a) Operating lease commitments (contd)
Total rental expense amounted to approximately $881,000, $1,221,000 and $1,967,000 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and
2007, respectively.
(b) Purchase commitments
As of December 31, 2007, the Group had commitments to purchase products from suppliers and fixed assets that had not been recognized in the financial statements amounting to approximately $17,638,000 and
$287,000, respectively.
(c) Capital commitments
In December 2006, Vimicro China entered into an agreement with Beijing Haidian Xinhua Agricultural Industrial & Commercial Co. to acquire the land-use rights for approximately 25,000
square meters of land (including a construction site area of approximately 5,000 square meters) in Haidian District, Beijing. The land will be the site of a new building, which will become Vimicro Chinas new headquarters and accommodate a
research and development center. The aggregate consideration for the acquisition of the land-use rights and the construction of the new building is estimated to be approximately $38.3 million. The proposed project, including the gross land area and
construction site area, is subject to governmental approval. Should the governmental authorities request us to modify the project, the land and construction site areas, as well as the total cost for the project, may change.
In November 2007, Vimicro Shanghai entered into an agreement with Zhangjiang Semiconductor Industry Park Co., Ltd., pursuant to which, in
consideration of approximately $5.7 million, Vimicro Shanghai would acquire land use rights for approximately 20,900 square meters of land in Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai. Vimicro Shanghai has paid a land premium of $4.0 million in 2007 and the
remaining $1.7 million is payable in 2008. The land will be the site of a new building, which will become Vimicro Shanghais office building and accommodate a research and development center.
In December 2007, Vimicro Jiangsu entered into an agreement with the Administrative Committee of Nanjing Xuzhuang Software Industry Base
and Nanjing Xuanwu District Management and Investment of State-Owned Assets Holdings (Group) Co., Ltd. Under the agreement, Vimicro Jiangsu would acquire land use rights for approximately 80,000 square meters of land in Nanjing Xuzhuang Software
Industrial Park in consideration of $5.4 million. A land premium of $2.0 million was paid in January 2008 and the remaining $3.4 million is payable from 2008 to 2017. The land will be the site of a new building, which will become Vimicro
Jiangsus office building and accommodate a research and development center.
(a) Options
granted
During the five months ended May 31, 2008, the Company has granted 393,400 options to purchase ordinary
shares to certain employees at exercise prices ranging from $0.68 to $0.94 per share. The Company also granted 1,040,000 restricted shares to certain employees.
F-34
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
17.
|
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (CONTD)
|
(b) Option repricing
On
March 27, 2008, the Company repriced 10,072,100 outstanding options that it had previously granted to its senior management with original exercise prices ranging from $1.25 to $4.55 per share. The repriced exercise price, based on the closing
price on March 27, 2008, was $0.70 per share. The Company believed that the repriced options would provide better incentives to senior management.
18.
|
RESTRICTED NET ASSETS
|
As of December 31, 2007, the restricted net assets held by the Groups consolidated PRC subsidiaries exceeded 25% of the Groups consolidated net assets. As of December 31, 2006, the restricted net
assets of the consolidated PRC subsidiaries did not exceed 25% of the Groups consolidated net assets.
The separate
condensed financial statements of the Company as presented below have been prepared in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Rule 5-04 and Rule 12-04 and present the Companys investments in its subsidiaries under
the equity method of accounting as prescribed in APB Opinion No. 18, The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock. Such investment is presented as Investment in subsidiaries on the separate condensed
balance sheets of the Company and share of its subsidiaries profits or losses as Share of net profits of subsidiaries on the separate condensed statements of operations and comprehensive income of the Company.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP have been
condensed and omitted. The footnote disclosures contain supplemental information relating to the operations of the Company, as such, these statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the
Company.
The Company did not have significant capital and other commitments, long-term obligations, or guarantees as of
December 31, 2007.
Regulation in the PRC permit payments of dividends by the Companys PRC subsidiaries only out
of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Subject to certain cumulative limit, a statutory reserve fund requires annual appropriations of at least 10% of after-tax profit, if any,
of the relevant PRC subsidiary. The statutory reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends. As a result of these PRC laws and regulations, the Companys PRC subsidiaries are restricted in their abilities to transfer a portion of their
net assets to the Company. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the balance of the Companys PRC subsidiaries statutory reserves amounted to approximately $2,732,000 and $2,782,000, respectively.
Foreign exchange and other regulation in PRC may further restrict the Companys PRC subsidiaries from transferring funds to the
Company in the form of dividend, loans and advances. As of December 31, 2007, the Companys PRC subsidiaries have approximately $68,814,000 of cash and bank deposits in the PRC, of which approximately $64,327,000 are denominated in RMB.
In addition, the registered capital of the Companys PRC subsidiaries are also restricted.
As of December 31, 2007, the amount of restricted net assets was approximately $41,623,000.
F-35
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
18.
|
RESTRICTED NET ASSETS (CONTD)
|
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except number of shares data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
80,406
|
|
|
30,268
|
|
Amounts due from subsidiaries
|
|
9,887
|
|
|
53,311
|
|
Prepayments and other current assets
|
|
269
|
|
|
245
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
90,562
|
|
|
83,824
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment in subsidiaries
|
|
44,486
|
|
|
57,664
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
135,048
|
|
|
141,488
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and Shareholders Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
191
|
|
|
286
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
191
|
|
|
286
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value. 484,352,868 shares authorized, 139,782,585 and 140,301,378 shares issued and outstanding as of
December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively
|
|
14
|
|
|
14
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
131,449
|
|
|
136,418
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
1,987
|
|
|
5,367
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
(1,325
|
)
|
|
(3,379
|
)
|
Statutory reserve
|
|
2,732
|
|
|
2,782
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
134,857
|
|
|
141,202
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
|
|
135,048
|
|
|
141,488
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-36
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
18.
|
RESTRICTED NET ASSETS (CONTD)
|
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT(CONTD)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended December 31
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Operating expenses :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development, net
|
|
(520
|
)
|
|
(2,267
|
)
|
|
(2,240
|
)
|
Selling and marketing
|
|
(303
|
)
|
|
(436
|
)
|
|
(654
|
)
|
General and administrative
|
|
(1,019
|
)
|
|
(2,558
|
)
|
|
(2,829
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from operations
|
|
(1,842
|
)
|
|
(5,261
|
)
|
|
(5,723
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Other income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
764
|
|
|
3,873
|
|
|
2,623
|
|
Others, net
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
300
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before share of net profits of subsidiaries
|
|
(1,076
|
)
|
|
(1,388
|
)
|
|
(2,800
|
)
|
Share of net profits of subsidiaries, net of tax
|
|
17,466
|
|
|
11,060
|
|
|
796
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
16,390
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
Amount allocated to participating preferred shareholders
|
|
(2,169
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) attributed to ordinary shareholders
|
|
14,221
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
598
|
|
|
1,391
|
|
|
3,380
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
14,819
|
|
|
11,063
|
|
|
1,376
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-37
VIMICRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated)
18.
|
RESTRICTED NET ASSETS (CONTD)
|
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT(CONTD)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years ended as of December 31
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
16,390
|
|
|
9,672
|
|
|
(2,004
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share of net profits of subsidiaries
|
|
(17,466
|
)
|
|
(11,060
|
)
|
|
(796
|
)
|
Share-based compensation expenseemployees
|
|
1,440
|
|
|
2,689
|
|
|
4,597
|
|
Research and development consulting fee
|
|
271
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
350
|
|
Changes in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts due from subsidiaries
|
|
1,708
|
|
|
(12,211
|
)
|
|
(43,424
|
)
|
Prepayments and other current assets
|
|
375
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
22
|
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
36
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities
|
|
2,754
|
|
|
(9,963
|
)
|
|
(41,160
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital contribution in subsidiaries
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment for repurchasing of exercised shares
|
|
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
|
(31
|
)
|
Net proceeds from initial public offering
|
|
59,077
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from exercise of share options
|
|
3,083
|
|
|
1,171
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
62,160
|
|
|
1,141
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
64,914
|
|
|
(8,822
|
)
|
|
(50,138
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
|
24,314
|
|
|
89,228
|
|
|
80,406
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
|
89,228
|
|
|
80,406
|
|
|
30,268
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-38
(MM) (NASDAQ:VIMC)
과거 데이터 주식 차트
부터 6월(6) 2024 으로 7월(7) 2024
(MM) (NASDAQ:VIMC)
과거 데이터 주식 차트
부터 7월(7) 2023 으로 7월(7) 2024