Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
			For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission file number 001-36583

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						94-3021850
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

32000 Aurora Road, Suite B Solon, OH
(Address of principal executive offices)

44139
(Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (440) 715-1300

None
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	EFOI	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☑	Smaller reporting company	☑
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value, as of November 7, 2023 was 4,348,690.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
			Page
ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	a.	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2022	4
	b.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	6

	c.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	7
	d.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	9
	e.	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	11
ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		31
ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK		40
ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		40

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS		42
	SIGNATURES		43

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Forward-looking statements

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Energy Focus,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” or “the Company” refer to Energy Focus, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiary for the applicable periods, considered as a single enterprise.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) includes statements that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “feels,” “seeks,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could” or “would” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this Quarterly Report and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies, capital expenditures, and the industry in which we operate.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Although we base these forward-looking statements on assumptions that we believe are reasonable when made in light of information currently available to us, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments may differ materially from statements made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.

We believe that important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties outlined under “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and other matters described in this Quarterly Report and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission generally. Some of these factors include:

•our need for and ability to obtain additional financing in the near term, on acceptable terms or at all, to continue our operations;

•our ability to maintain compliance with the continued listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”);

•our ability to refinance or extend maturing debt on acceptable terms or at all;

•our ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time;

•our ability to realize synergies with our strategic investor;

•instability in the U.S. and global economies and business interruptions experienced by us, our customers and our suppliers, particularly in light of supply chain constraints and other long-term impacts of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic;

•the competitiveness and market acceptance of our light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting and control technologies and products;

•our ability to compete effectively against companies with lower prices or cost structures, greater resources, or more rapid development capabilities, and new competitors in our target markets;

•our ability to extend our product portfolio into new applications and end markets;

•our ability to increase demand in our targeted markets and to manage sales cycles that are difficult to predict and may span several quarters;

•the timing of large customer orders, significant expenses and fluctuations between demand and capacity as we manage inventory and invest in growth opportunities;

•our ability to successfully scale our network of sales representatives, agents, distributors and other channel partners to compete with the sales reach of larger, established competitors;

•our ability to implement plans to increase sales and control expenses;

•our reliance on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue, and our ability to maintain or grow such sales levels;

•our ability to add new customers to reduce customer concentration;

•our ability to attract and retain a new chief financial officer;

•our ability to manage the size of our workforce while continuing to attract, develop and retain qualified personnel, and to do so in a timely manner;

•our ability to diversify our reliance on a limited number of third-party suppliers and development partners, our ability to manage third-party product development and obtain critical components and finished products on acceptable terms and of acceptable quality despite ongoing global supply chain challenges, and the impact of our fluctuating demand on the stability of such suppliers;

•our ability to timely, efficiently and cost-effectively transport products from our third-party suppliers by ocean marine and other logistics channels despite global supply chain and logistics disruptions;

•the impact of any type of legal inquiry, claim or dispute;

•the macro-economic conditions, including rising interest rates and recessionary trends, in the United States and in other markets in which we operate or secure products, which could affect our ability to obtain raw materials, component parts, freight, energy, labor, and sourced finished goods in a timely and cost-effective manner;

•our dependence on military maritime customers and on the levels and timing of government funding available to such customers, as well as the funding resources of our other customers in the public sector and commercial markets;

•business interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions such as war and terrorism, natural disasters, including earthquakes, typhoons, floods and fires, or from health epidemics or pandemics or other contagious outbreaks;

•our ability to respond to new lighting and control technologies and market trends;

•our ability to fulfill our warranty obligations with safe and reliable products;

•any delays we may encounter in making new products available or fulfilling customer specifications;

•any flaws or defects in our products or in the manner in which they are used or installed;

•our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and other confidential information, and manage infringement claims by others;

•our compliance with government contracting laws and regulations, through both direct and indirect sale channels, as well as other laws, such as those relating to the environment and health and safety;

•risks inherent in international markets, such as economic and political uncertainty, changing regulatory and tax requirements and currency fluctuations, including tariffs and other potential barriers to international trade; and

•our ability to maintain effective internal controls and otherwise comply with our obligations as a public company.

In light of the foregoing, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement that we make in this Quarterly Report speaks only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or to publicly announce the results of any revision to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments, except as required by law. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data. Furthermore, new risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us.

Energy Focus®, Intellitube®, RedCap®, and EnFocus™ are our registered trademarks. We may also refer to trademarks of other corporations and organizations in this document.

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	1,691	$	52
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $76 and $26, respectively	844		445
Inventories, net	4,901		5,476
Short-term deposits	732		592
Prepaid and other current assets	189		232
Receivable for claimed Employee Retention Tax Credit	—		445
Total current assets	8,357		7,242

Property and equipment, net	79		76

Operating lease, right-of-use asset	967		1,180




Total assets	$	9,403	$	8,498

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,330	$	2,204
Accounts payable -related party	272		—
Accrued liabilities	116		145
Accrued legal and professional fees	89		—
Accrued payroll and related benefits	172		261
Accrued sales commissions	46		76


Accrued warranty reserve	147		183

Operating lease liabilities	216		198


Promissory notes payable, net of discounts and loan origination fees	1,266		2,618
Related party promissory notes payable	—		814



Credit line borrowings, net of loan origination fees	—		1,447


Total current liabilities	4,654		7,946

(continued on the next page)

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)


Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	857		1,029




Total liabilities	5,511		8,975

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share:
Authorized: 5,000,000 shares (3,300,000 designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock) at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Issued and outstanding: 876,447 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share:
Authorized: 50,000,000 shares at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Issued and outstanding: 4,348,690 at September 30, 2023 and 1,406,920* at December 31, 2022	—		1
Additional paid-in capital	156,361		148,545
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3)		(3)
Accumulated deficit	(152,466)		(149,020)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	3,892		(477)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	9,403	$	8,498
* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022		2023		2022
Net sales	$	1,339		$	1,764	$	3,324	$	5,305
Cost of sales	1,387			1,927		3,176		5,385
Gross (loss) profit	(48)			(163)		148		(80)

Operating expenses:
Product development	142			366		443		1,222
Selling, general, and administrative	713			1,802		2,911		5,893
Loss on write-off of fixed assets	—			76		—		76

Total operating expenses	855			2,244		3,354		7,191
Loss from operations	(903)			(2,407)		(3,206)		(7,271)

Other expenses (income):
Interest expense, net	34			235		226		679


Other income	—		—	—		(16)		(30)

Other expenses	7			20		28		49



Net loss	$	(944)		$	(2,662)	$	(3,444)	$	(7,969)

Net loss per common share - basic and diluted
Net loss	$	(0.27)		$	(2.03)	$	(1.20)	$	(7.33)

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic and diluted *	3,514			1,313		2,868		1,087
* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Preferred Stock			Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
	Shares	Amount		Shares*		Amount

Balance at December 31, 2022	876	$	—	1,407		$	1		$	148,545	$	(3)	$	(149,020)	$	(477)

Issuance of common stock	—	—		285		1			3,024		—		—		3,025
Stock issued in exchange transactions	—	—		1,057		—			1,716		—		—		1,716




Stock-based compensation	—	—		—		—			26		—		—		26
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 - CECL	—	—		—		—			—		—		(2)		(2)
Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023	—	—		—		—			—		—		(1,333)		(1,333)
Balance at March 31, 2023	876	$	—	2,749		$	2		$	153,311	$	(3)	$	(150,355)	$	2,955
Issuance of common stock	—	—		747		—			1,304		—		—		1,304

Par value adjustment due to reverse stock split	—	—		—		(2)			2		—		—		—
Reduction in equity due to costs from reverse stock split	—	—		—		—			(16)		—		—		(16)


Stock-based compensation	—	—		—		—			23		—		—		23
Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023	—	—		—		—			—		—		(1,167)		(1,167)
Balance at June 30, 2023	876	$	—	$	3,496	$	—		$	154,624	$	(3)	$	(151,522)	$	3,099
Issuance of common stock	—	—		853		—			1,750		—		—		1,750



Stock-based compensation	—	—		—		—			(13)		—		—		(13)

Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2023	—	—		—		—			—		—		(944)		(944)
Balance at September 30, 2023	876	$	—	4,349		$	—		$	156,361	$	(3)	$	(152,466)	$	3,892

*Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

(continued on next page)

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
	Shares	Amount		Shares*	Amount

Balance at December 31, 2021	876	$	—	910	$	—		$	144,953	$	(3)	$	(138,741)	$	6,209




Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants	—	—		12	—			—		—		—		—



Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—			44		—		—		44


Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022	—	—		—	—			—		—		(2,821)		(2,821)
Balance at March 31, 2022	876	$	—	922	$	—		$	144,997	$	(3)	$	(141,562)	$	3,432
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans	—	—		6	—			5		—		—		5
Issuance of common stock and warrants	—	—		188	1			3,499		—		—		3,500
Offering costs on issuance of common stock and warrants	—	—		—	—			(334)		—		—		(334)



Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—			54		—		—		54

Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2022	—	—		—	—			—		—		(2,486)		(2,486)
Balance at June 30, 2022	876	$	—	1,116	$	1		$	148,221	$	(3)	$	(144,048)	$	4,171

Issuance of common stock and warrants	—	—		197	—			—		—		—		—

Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—			17		—		—		17
Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022	—	—		—	—			—		—		(2,662)		(2,662)
Balance at September 30, 2022	876	$	—	1,313	$	1		$	148,238	$	(3)	$	(146,710)	$	1,526

*Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(944)	$	(2,662)	$	(3,444)	$	(7,969)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Other income	(40)		—		(40)		(30)

Depreciation	8		42		24		129
Stock-based compensation	(13)		17		36		115

Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	—		1		50		(3)
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories	62		220		(68)		164
Provision for warranties	—		(74)		(37)		(53)

Amortization of loan discounts and origination fees	59		87		168		247
Loss on write-off of property and equipment	—		76		—		76
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (sources / (uses) of cash):
Accounts receivable	(46)		139		(449)		240
Inventories	340		792		643		1,546
Short-term deposits	(117)		(110)		(140)		(51)
Prepaid and other assets	28		46		488		162
Accounts payable	(459)		629		398		(92)
Accrued and other liabilities	87		(101)		1		(461)
Deferred revenue	—		7		—		(261)
Total adjustments	(91)		1,771		1,074		1,728
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,035)		(891)		(2,370)		(6,241)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of property and equipment	(27)		(9)		(27)		(41)

Net cash used in investing activities	(27)		(9)		(27)		(41)

(continued on next page)

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash flows from financing activities (sources / (uses) of cash):
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants	1,750		—		6,079		3,500


Offering costs paid on the issuance of common stock and warrants	—		—		—		(334)
Costs related to reverse stock-split	—		—		(16)		—

Principal payments under finance lease obligations	—		—		—		(1)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases	—		—		—		5



Payments on the 2021 Streeterville Note	—		(410)		—		(1,435)
Proceeds from the 2022 Streeterville Note	—		—		—		2,000
Payments on the 2022 Streeterville Note	(125)		—		(625)		—
Proceeds from the related party promissory note payable	—		450		—		450




Deferred financing costs	—		(95)		—		(329)


Net payments on proceeds from the credit line borrowings - Credit Facilities	(188)		58		(1,402)		(215)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,437		3		4,036		3,641



Net increase (decrease) in cash	375		(897)		1,639		(2,641)
Cash, beginning of period	1,316		938		52		2,682
Cash, end of period	$	1,691	$	41	$	1,691	$	41

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Energy Focus, Inc. engages primarily in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems and controls. We develop, market, and sell high-quality light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting and control products in the commercial market and military maritime market (“MMM”). Our mission is to enable our customers to run their facilities with greater energy efficiency and productivity and increased human health and wellness through advanced LED retrofit solutions. Our goal is to be the human wellness lighting and LED technology and market leader for the most demanding applications where performance, quality, value, environmental impact, and health are considered paramount. We specialize in LED lighting retrofit by replacing fluorescent, high-intensity discharge lighting and other types of lamps in institutional buildings for primarily indoor lighting applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military-grade tubular LED (“TLED”) products, as well as other LED and lighting control products for commercial applications. We are also evaluating adjacent technologies, including Gallium Nitride (“GaN”) based power supplies and additional market opportunities for energy solution products that support sustainability in our existing channels.

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The significant accounting policies of our Company, which are summarized below, are consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect practices appropriate to the business in which we operate. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements relates to our operations.

We have prepared the accompanying financial data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying financial data and information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Annual Report”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

Going Concern and Nasdaq Continued Listing Requirements Compliance

Due to our financial performance as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, including net losses of $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $10.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, and total cash used in operating activities of $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $6.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we determined that substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continues to exist at September 30, 2023. As a result of restructuring actions and initiatives, we have tailored our operating expenses to be more in line with our expected sales volumes; however, we continue to incur losses and have a substantial accumulated deficit.

Additionally, global supply chain and logistics constraints are impacting our inventory purchasing strategy, as we seek to manage both shortages of available components and longer lead times in obtaining components while balancing the development and implementation of an inventory reduction plan. Disruptions in global logistics networks are also impacting our lead times and ability to efficiently and cost-effectively transport products from our third-party suppliers to our facility. As a result, we will continue to review and pursue selected external funding sources to ensure adequate financial resources to execute across the timelines required to achieve these objectives including, but not limited to, the following:

•obtaining financing from traditional or non-traditional investment capital organizations or individuals;

•obtaining funding from the sale of our common stock or other equity or debt instruments; and

•obtaining debt financing with lending terms that more closely match our business model and capital needs.

There can be no assurance that we will obtain funding on acceptable terms, in a timely fashion, or at all. Obtaining additional funding contains risks, including:

•additional equity financing may not be available to us on satisfactory terms, particularly in light of the current price of our common stock, and any equity we are able to issue could lead to dilution for current stockholders and have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our common stock;

•loans or other debt instruments may have terms or conditions, such as interest rate, restrictive covenants, conversion features, refinancing demands, and control or revocation provisions, which are not acceptable to management or the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”); and

•the current environment in the capital markets and volatile interest rates, combined with our capital constraints, may prevent us from being able to obtain adequate debt financing.

Considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our plans to ensure adequate external funding, timely re-organizational actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, development and implementation of an excess inventory reduction plan, plans and initiatives in our research and development, product development and sales and marketing, and development of potential channel partnerships, if adequately executed, could provide us with an ability to finance our operations through the next twelve months and may mitigate the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Nasdaq Capital Market Compliance

Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, which has as one of its continued listing requirements a minimum bid price of at least $1.00 per share. On August 23, 2022, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market notifying us that we were no longer in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Rule”), because the closing bid price for our common stock was below the minimum $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were provided an initial period of 180 calendar days, or until February 20, 2023, to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule. During the initial compliance period, our Common Stock continued to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market, but did not satisfy the Bid Price Rule.

On November 16, 2022, we received a letter from the Staff notifying us that we were no longer in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), which requires listed companies to maintain stockholders’ equity of at least $2.5 million if they do not meet the alternative compliance standards relating to the market value of listed securities or net income from continuing operations (the “Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Rule”). Our Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2022 filed on November 10, 2022 reflected that our stockholders’ equity as of September 30, 2022 was $1.5 million. Based on our timely submission of our plan to regain compliance (the “Plan”), Nasdaq granted us an extension through May 15, 2023 to regain compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Rule.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

On February 21, 2023, we received written notification (the “Bid Price Notification”) from the Staff stating that we had not regained compliance with the Bid Price Rule and our common stock is subject to delisting from Nasdaq. On February 24, 2023, we submitted a request for a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) to appeal the delisting (the “Appeal”). Under Nasdaq rules, the delisting of the Company’s common stock was stayed during the pendency of the Appeal and, during such time, the Company’s common stock continued to be listed on Nasdaq.

On March 28, 2023, the Company received written notification (the “Additional Staff Determination”) from the Staff stating that (i) following the Bid Price Notification, and in accordance with Listing Rule 5810(c)(2)(A), Nasdaq is no longer permitted to consider the stockholders’ equity compliance plan, (ii) the Additional Staff Determination serves as an additional basis for delisting the Company’s common stock from Nasdaq and (iii) the Panel will consider the Additional Staff Determination in rendering a determination regarding the continued listing of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq.

On April 6, 2023, the Company participated in the Appeal before the Panel. The Company provided an update to the Panel on the Company’s substantial progress made towards the previously submitted Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and requested the Panel grant the Company an exception to (1) re-allow the previously granted exception until May 15, 2023 for the Company to regain compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Rule and (2) grant an exception allowing the Company up to 180 days following the Bid Price Notification to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule by effecting a reverse stock split following stockholder approval at the Company’s 2023 annual meeting of stockholders. On May 1, 2023, the Panel granted the Company’s request (the “Panel Decision”) to continue the Company’s listing on Nasdaq, subject to the following conditions: (1) on or before May 15, 2023, the Company shall file with the SEC its quarterly report for the three months ended March 31, 2023 demonstrating compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Rule and (2) on or before July 7, 2023, the Company shall demonstrate compliance with the Bid Price Rule.

On July 27, 2023, the Company received written notification from the Staff stating that the Company has regained compliance with the Bid Price Rule and the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Rule, as required by the Panel Decision. Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5815(d)(4)(B), the Company will be subject to a mandatory panel monitor for a period of one year from July 27, 2023 (the “Monitoring Period”). If, within the Monitoring Period, the Staff finds the Company again out of compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Rule, notwithstanding Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(2), the Company will not be permitted to provide the Staff with a plan of compliance with respect to that deficiency and the Staff will not be permitted to grant additional time for the Company to regain compliance with respect to that deficiency, nor will the Company be afforded an applicable cure or compliance period pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3). Instead, the Staff will issue a delist determination letter and the Company will have an opportunity to request a new hearing with the initial Panel or a newly convened hearings panel if the initial Panel is unavailable. The Company will have the opportunity to respond and present to the Panel as provided by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5815(d)(4)(C). The Company’s common stock may be at that time delisted from Nasdaq.

As of the date of this Quarterly Report, the Company believes it has maintained compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Rule for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. To become compliant with the Bid Price Rule, the Company effected a 1-for-7 reverse stock split to increase the per share trading price of the common stock effective on June 16, 2023 (See Note 9, “Stockholders’ Equity”).

However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain compliance with the Minimum Stockholders’ Equity Rule, Bid Price Rule, or other Nasdaq listing requirements. If the Company fails to maintain compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing standards in accordance with the Panel’s decision, the Company’s common stock will be subject to delisting from Nasdaq.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results may vary from the estimates. Estimates include, but are not limited to, the establishment of reserves for accounts receivable, sales returns, inventory obsolescence and warranty claims; the useful lives of property and equipment; valuation allowance for net deferred taxes; and stock-based compensation. The Company began using estimates for its calculation of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326, Measurement of Credit Losses on

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

Financial Instruments (“CECL”) commencing in 2023. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment require considerable judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.

Revenue

Net sales include revenues from sales of products and shipping and handling charges, net of estimates for product returns. Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the transferred products. We recognize revenue at the point in time when we transfer the promised products to the customer and the customer obtains control over the products. Distributors’ obligations to us are not contingent upon the resale of our products. We recognize revenue for shipping and handling charges at the time the goods are shipped to the customer, and the costs of outbound freight are included in cost of sales. We provide product returns based on historical return rates. While we incur costs for sales commissions to our sales employees and outside agents, we recognize commission costs concurrent with the related revenue, as the amortization period is less than one year. We do not incur any other incremental costs to obtain contracts with our customers. Our product warranties are assurance-type warranties, which promise the customer that the products are as specified in the contract. Therefore, the product warranties are not a separate performance obligation and are accounted for as described below. Sales taxes assessed by governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are excluded from net sales.

The following table provides a disaggregation of product net sales for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net sales:
Commercial	$	498	$	1,288	$	1,261	$	3,397
MMM products	841		476		2,063		1,908
Total net sales	$	1,339	$	1,764	$	3,324	$	5,305

Accounts Receivable

Our trade accounts receivable consists of amounts billed to and currently due from customers. Substantially all of our customers are concentrated in the United States. In the normal course of business, we extend unsecured credit to our customers related to the sale of our products. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and the amounts due are stated at their estimated net realizable value. We maintain allowances for sales returns and doubtful accounts receivable to provide for the estimated number of account receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based on an assessment of forward-looking customer credit-worthiness and historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables, and performance guarantees to the extent applicable. Past due amounts are written off when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts. We do not generally require collateral from our customers.

Our standard payment terms with customers are net 30 days from the date of shipment, and we do not generally offer extended payment terms to our customers, but exceptions are made in some cases for major customers or with particular orders. Accordingly, we do not adjust trade accounts receivable for the effects of financing, as we expect the period between the transfer of product to the customer and the receipt of payment from the customer to be in line with our standard payment terms.

Through November 2022, we utilized a third-party account receivable insurance program with a very high credit worthy insurance company where we had the large majority of the accounts receivable arising during the policy term insured with a portion of self-retention. This third party also provided credit-worthiness ratings and metrics that significantly assisted us in evaluating the credit-worthiness of both existing and new customers. Although the insurance policy is no longer in place, all invoices issued under the previous coverage period are still covered under the policy.

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. The standard adds to U.S. GAAP an impairment model known as the CECL model, which is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. This standard only impacts the Company’s trade receivables. The Company decided to use the roll rate method of valuing its reserve for trade receivables. The reserve

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

is based on a careful review of past delinquencies and forward-looking considerations, such as customer responsiveness. This resulted in a $2 thousand adjustment to Retained Earnings as of January 1, 2023 and charges to bad debt expense of $12 thousand in the first quarter of 2023, $3 thousand in the second quarter of 2023, and $(14) thousand in the third quarter of 2023.

Pursuant to ASC 606, Revenue Recognition, contract assets and contract liabilities as of the beginning and ending of the reporting periods must be disclosed. Below is the breakout of the Company’s contract assets for such periods:



	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		January 01, 2022
Gross Accounts Receivable	$	920	$	471	$	1,254
Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	(76)		(26)		(14)
Net Accounts Receivable	$	844	$	445	$	1,240

Geographic information

All of our long-lived fixed assets are located in the United States. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, approximately 99% of sales were attributable to customers in the United States. The geographic location of our net sales is derived from the destination to which we ship the product.

Net loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential shares of common stock consist of incremental shares upon the exercise of stock options, warrants and convertible securities, unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted loss per share computations (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(944)	$	(2,662)	$	(3,444)	$	(7,969)

Denominator:
Basic and diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding *	3,514		1,313		2,868		1,087


* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2023, convertible securities representing approximately 25 thousand shares of common stock were excluded from the basic loss per share calculation as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2022, warrants and convertible securities representing approximately 31 thousand and 25 thousand shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the basic loss per share calculation as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

As a result of the net loss we incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, convertible securities representing approximately 25 thousand shares of common stock were excluded from the basic loss per share calculation because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As a result of the net loss we incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, warrants and convertible securities representing approximately 29 thousand and 25 thousand shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the basic loss per share calculation because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

Product warranties

We warrant our commercial and MMM LED products and controls for periods generally ranging from five to ten years. Warranty settlement costs consist of actual amounts expensed for warranty, which are largely a result of the cost of replacement products or rework services provided to our customers. A liability for the estimated future costs under product warranties is maintained for products under warranty based on the actual claims incurred to date and the estimated nature, frequency, and costs of future claims. As warranty coverage from prior period sales expires, previous accruals are released. These estimates are inherently uncertain and changes to our historical or projected experience may cause material changes to our warranty reserves in the future. We continuously review the assumptions related to the adequacy of our warranty reserve, including product failure rates, and make adjustments to the existing warranty liability when there are changes to these estimates or the underlying replacement product costs, or the warranty period expires.

The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	146	$	315	$	183	$	295
Warranty accruals for current period sales	1		(23)		3		(17)
Adjustments to existing warranty reserves	—		(57)		(39)		(29)
In kind settlements made during the period	—		7		—		(7)
Accrued warranty reserve at end of period	$	147	$	242	$	147	$	242

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, giving the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below. We classify the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:


Level 1			Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2			Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Level 3			Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments including cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Based on borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms, the carrying value of borrowings under our revolving credit facilities also approximates fair value.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. In determining the appropriate levels, we perform a detailed analysis of the assets and liabilities whose fair value is measured on a recurring basis. We review and reassess the fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes from one quarter to the next related to the observability of inputs in a fair value measurement may result in a reclassification between fair value hierarchy levels. There were no reclassifications for all periods presented.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

Certain risks and concentrations

We have certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10% or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10% or more of our total net trade accounts receivable; we have certain suppliers, which individually represent 10% or more of our total purchases, or whose trade accounts payable balance individually represented 10% or more of our total trade accounts payable balance, as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, sales to one U.S. Navy shipbuilders and a distributor to the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 16% and 26% of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributors for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to shipbuilders for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 42% of net sales for the same period. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, sales to a regional commercial lighting retrofit company accounted for approximately 32% of net sales. When sales to our primary distributors for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to shipbuilders for the U.S. Navy, net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised less than 10% of net sales for the same period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, sales to a U.S. Navy shipbuilder and a distributor to the Department of Defense accounted for approximately 15% and 14% of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to shipbuilders for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 29% of net sales for the same period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, a regional commercial lighting retrofit company, and a commercial building system provider, accounted for approximately 13%, 15%, and 10% of net sales, respectively. When sales to our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy are combined with sales to shipbuilders for the U.S. Navy, total net sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 17% of net sales for the same period.

Two distributors for the Department of Defense and a U.S. Navy shipbuilder accounted for approximately 10%, 21% and 10% of net trade accounts receivable, respectively, at September 30, 2023. At December 31, 2022, a distributor for the Department of Defense accounted for 25% of our net trade accounts receivable and a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy accounted for 30% of our net trade accounts receivable.

One supplier accounted for more than 10% of our total expenditures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. One offshore supplier, which is related party, accounted for approximately 13% and 7%, respectively, of our total expenditures for the three and nine ended September 30, 2023. One offshore supplier accounted for approximately 17% and 18%, respectively, of our total expenditures for the three and nine ended September 30, 2022.

At September 30, 2023, two offshore suppliers accounted for approximately 48% and 22% of our trade accounts payable balance, respectively. At December 31, 2022, one offshore supplier accounted for approximately 36% of our trade accounts payable balance, respectively.

Recently adopted accounting standard

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables, and requires an entity to recognize an allowance based on its estimate of expected credit losses rather than incurred losses. For smaller reporting companies, this standard became effective for interim and annual periods starting after December 15, 2022, and has been adopted by the Company. We adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2023, and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3. INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost determined using the first-in, first-out cost method) or net realizable value, and consist of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	3,066	$	3,347
Finished goods	4,295		4,656
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories	(2,460)		(2,527)
Inventories, net	$	4,901	$	5,476

The following is a roll-forward of the reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	(2,400)	$	(2,792)	$	(2,527)	$	(3,050)
Accrual	(169)		(241)		(155)		(442)
Reduction due to sold inventory	109		21		222		278
Write-off for disposed inventory	—		353		—		555
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories	$	(2,460)	$	(2,659)	$	(2,460)	$	(2,659)

NOTE 4. OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Employee Retention Tax Credit

The CARES Act, which was enacted on March 27, 2020, provides an Employee Retention Tax Credit (“ERTC”) that is a refundable tax credit against certain employer taxes. The ERTC was subsequently amended by the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, the Consolidated Appropriation Act of 2021, and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, all of which amended and extended the ERTC availability and guidelines under the CARES Act. Following these amendments, we and other businesses became retroactively eligible for the ERTC, and as a result of the foregoing legislation, are eligible to claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of Social Security taxes equal to 70% of the qualified wages paid to employees between January 1, 2021 and September 30, 2021. Qualified wages are limited to $10,000 per employee per calendar quarter in 2021 for a maximum allowable ERTC per employee of $7,000 per calendar quarter in 2021.

For purposes of the amended ERTC, an eligible employer is defined as having experienced a significant (20% or more) decline in gross receipts during each of the first three 2021 calendar quarters when compared with the same quarter in 2019 or the immediately preceding quarter to the corresponding calendar quarter in 2019. The credit is taken against the Company’s share of Social Security Tax when the Company’s payroll provider files, or subsequently amends the applicable quarterly employer tax filings.

Under the amended guidelines, we were eligible to receive the ERTC for the second and third quarters of 2021. As part of the filing of our employer tax filings for the third quarter of 2021, we applied for and received a refund of $431 thousand, and we amended our filing for the second quarter of 2021, for which we received an additional refund of approximately $445 thousand during the second quarter of 2023. This amount was recorded as a receivable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

NOTE 5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years)	$	1,061	$	1,061
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years)	190		190



Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)	141		141
Projects in progress	27		—



Property and equipment at cost	1,419		1,392
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,340)		(1,316)
Property and equipment, net	$	79	$	76

Depreciation expense was $8 thousand and $42 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense was $24 thousand and $129 thousand, respectively.

NOTE 6. LEASES

The Company leases certain equipment, manufacturing, warehouse and office space under non-cancellable operating leases with expirations through 2027 under which it is responsible for related maintenance, taxes and insurance. The Company had one finance lease on a forklift containing a bargain purchase option, which was exercised in July 2022. As of March 25, 2022, the terms of our real estate operating lease have been modified beginning July 1, 2022 and extended through 2027. In accordance with ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), the related lease liability was remeasured and the right-of-use asset was adjusted for each lease at the time of modification. The present value of the lease obligations for the lease was calculated using an incremental borrowing rate of 16.96%, which was the Company’s blended borrowing rates (including interest, annual facility fees, collateral management fees, bank fees and other miscellaneous lender fees) on its revolving lines of credit with Crossroads Financial Group, LLC (as described below in Note 7, “Debt”) and Factors Southwest L.L.C. (as described below in Note 7, “Debt”). The present value of the other remaining lease obligations continues to be calculated using an incremental borrowing rate of 7.25% (which excludes the annual facility fee and other lender fees), which was the Company’s borrowing rate on its former revolving line of credit with Austin Financial Services, Inc. The weighted average remaining lease term for the operating leases is 4.0 years.

Components of the operating lease costs recognized in net loss were as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost (income)
Sub-lease income	$	—	$	(9)	$	—	$	(90)
Lease cost	122		83		354		298











Total lease cost, net	$	122	$	74	$	354	$	208

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	967	$	1,180



Operating lease liabilities	$	1,073	$	1,227



Finance Leases
Property and equipment	13		13
Allowances for depreciation	(13)		(13)
Finance lease assets, net	$	—	$	—

Future minimum lease payments required under operating leases for each of the 12-month rolling periods below in effect at September 30, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
October 2023 to September 2024	$	378
October 2024 to September 2025	380
October 2025 to September 2026	388
October 2026 to September 2027	294


Total future undiscounted lease payments	1,440
Less imputed interest	367
Total lease obligations	$	1,073

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid, net, for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	97	$	86	$	286	$	326

Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

NOTE 7. DEBT

Credit facilities

On August 11, 2020, we entered into two debt financing arrangements (together, the “Credit Facilities”) that allowed for expanded borrowing capacity at a lower blended borrowing cost.

Inventory Facility with Crossroads

The first arrangement is an inventory financing facility (the “Inventory Facility”) pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement (the “Inventory Loan Agreement”) between the Company and Crossroads Financial Group, LLC, a North Carolina limited liability company (“Crossroads”). Borrowings under the original Inventory Facility were permitted up to the lower of (i) $3.0 million, which amount was subsequently increased to $3.5 million in April 2021, and (ii) a borrowing base determined from time to time based on the value of the Company’s eligible inventory, valued at 75% of inventory costs or 85% of the inventory net orderly liquidation value, less the availability reserves.

On January 18, 2023, the Company and Crossroads entered into an amendment to the Inventory Loan Agreement (the “Crossroads Amendment”) to restructure and pay down the Inventory Facility. The Crossroads Amendment provides that the Company make payments to reduce the outstanding obligations under the Inventory Facility of $750 thousand by January 20, 2023 and $250 thousand by February 15, 2023 (which amounts the Company has paid). The Company also agreed to make monthly payments of approximately $40 thousand towards the remaining outstanding obligations under the Inventory Facility, and to reduce the maximum amount that may be available to the Company under the Inventory Facility from $3.5 million to $500 thousand, subject to the borrowing base as set forth in the Inventory Loan Agreement.

Pursuant to the Crossroads Amendment, Crossroads and the Company also agreed to extend the Inventory Facility’s current term through December 31, 2023, while eliminating the minimum borrowing amount and unused line fees and reducing the monthly service fee to a lower, fixed amount. The Company also agreed to a slightly increased interest rate, which was more than offset by the reduction in the monthly service fees. Pursuant to the Crossroads Amendment, the interest rate on borrowings under the Inventory Facility is now a per annum rate equal to (i) the Three-Month LIBOR rate plus 5.5% or (ii) at Crossroads’ discretion, an alternative reference rate, SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate), plus 6.00%. The Inventory Facility was paid in full on September 24, 2023 and the Company wrote off the difference of $40 thousand between the final invoice amount and the carrying value of the debt, which was recorded as interest income.

Receivables Facility with FSW Funding

The second Credit Facility was a receivables financing facility (the “Receivables Facility”) pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement (the “Receivables Loan Agreement”) between the Company and Factors Southwest L.L.C. (d/b/a FSW Funding), an Arizona limited liability company (the “RF Lender”). Borrowings under the Receivables Facility were permitted up to the lower of (i) $2.5 million and (ii) a borrowing base determined from time to time based on the value of the Company’s eligible accounts receivable, valued at 90% of the face value of such accounts receivable, less availability reserves, if any.

On February 7, 2023, the Company and the RF Lender agreed to terminate the Receivables Facility. All outstanding amounts under the Receivables Facility were repaid prior to termination, and there were no prepayment fees in connection with termination. The Receivables Facility was secured by substantially all of the present and future assets of the Company and was subject to an intercreditor agreement with Crossroads, which intercreditor agreement was also terminated.

Borrowings under the Inventory Facility were $1.4 million at December 31, 2022. Borrowings under the Receivables Facility were $0.1 million at December 31, 2022. These facilities are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 as a current liability under the caption “Credit line borrowings.” Outstanding balances include $47 thousand for the Inventory Facility and $15 thousand for the Receivables Facility as of December 31, 2022.

Promissory Notes

During the third and fourth quarters of the year ended December 31, 2022, we entered into short-term unsecured promissory notes (the “2022 Promissory Notes”) with Mei Yun (Gina) Huang, Jay Huang, and Tingyu Lin. Ms. Huang is a member of the Board of Directors and Mr. Jay Huang is our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and a former member of the Board of Directors in connection with the Sander Private Placement, as described below in Note 9, “Stockholders’ Equity.” The total

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

liability for the 2022 Promissory Notes was $1.5 million at December 31, 2022. All of the 2022 Promissory Notes were exchanged for common stock on January 17, 2023. See Note 9, “Stockholders’ Equity.”

The following summarizes the 2022 Promissory Notes at December 31, 2022:


At December 31, 2022
	G. Huang		J. Huang		J. Huang		G. Huang		J. Huang		J. Huang		T. Lin		Total
Date entered	September 16, 2022		October 25, 2022		November 4, 2022		November 9, 2022		December 6, 2022		December 21, 2022		December 31, 2022
Term	9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months
Principal amount	$450,000		$50,000		$250,000		$350,000		$200,000		$100,000		$50,000		$1,450,000
Maturity date	June 16, 2023		July 25, 2023		August 4, 2023		August 9, 2023		September 6, 2023		September 21, 2023		September 30, 2023
Interest rate	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%
Default interest rate	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%
Outstanding Amount	$460,455		$50,734		$253,123		$353,989		$201,096		$100,219		$50,011		$1,469,627

Streeterville Notes

2022 Streeterville Note

On April 21, 2022, we entered into a note purchase agreement (the “2022 Streeterville Note Purchase Agreement”) with Streeterville Capital, LLC (“Streeterville”) pursuant to which we sold and issued to Streeterville a promissory note in the principal amount of approximately $2.0 million (as amended, the “2022 Streeterville Note”). The 2022 Streeterville Note was issued with an original issue discount of $215 thousand and Streeterville paid a purchase price of approximately $1.8 million for the 2022 Streeterville Note, from which the Company paid $15 thousand to Streeterville for Streeterville’s transaction expenses.

The 2022 Streeterville Note had an original maturity date of April 21, 2024, and accrues interest at 8% per annum, compounded daily, on the outstanding balance. On January 17, 2023, we agreed with Streeterville to restructure and pay down the 2022 Streeterville Note and extend its maturity date to December 1, 2024 (the “2022 Streeterville Note Amendment”). We agreed to make payments to reduce the outstanding amounts of the 2022 Streeterville Note by $500 thousand by January 20, 2023 (which amount has been paid) and by $250 thousand by July 14, 2023 ($125 thousand of which has already been satisfied pursuant to the March 2023 Exchange Agreement (as defined below) and $125 thousand has been paid on July 12, 2023). Streeterville agreed to extend the term of the 2022 Streeterville Note through December 1, 2024, and beginning January 1, 2024, we would make twelve monthly repayments of approximately $117 thousand each. We would have the right to prepay any of the scheduled repayments at any time or from time to time without additional penalty or fees. Provided we make all payments as scheduled or earlier, the 2022 Streeterville Note will be deemed paid in full and shall automatically be deemed canceled.

On March 31, 2023, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “March 2023 Exchange Agreement”) with Streeterville, pursuant to which we agreed to (i) partition from the 2022 Streeterville Note a new Promissory Note (the “March 2023 Partitioned Note”) in the original principal amount of $250 thousand (the “March 2023 Exchange Amount”), (ii) cause the outstanding balance of the 2022 Streeterville Note to be reduced by an amount equal to the March 2023 Exchange Amount, and (iii) exchange (the “March 2023 Exchange”) the March 2023 Partitioned Note for 71,715 shares of the Company’s common stock.

The March 2023 Exchange was priced at-the-market under the Nasdaq rules and was effected pursuant to one or more exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). There are no gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the March 2023 Exchange, provided that $125 thousand of the March 2023 Exchange Amount will be applied toward the $250 thousand payment due on or before July 14, 2023 pursuant to the 2022 Streeterville Note Amendment, $125 thousand will be credited to satisfy the December 1, 2024 required payment and a portion of the November 1, 2024 required payment, in each case pursuant to the 2022 Streeterville Note Amendment.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

The total liability for the 2022 Streeterville Note, net of discount and financing fees, was $1.3 million and $2.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

In the event our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, the amount outstanding under the 2022 Streeterville Note will automatically increase by 15% as of the date of such delisting.

2021 Streeterville Note

On April 27, 2021, we entered into a note purchase agreement with Streeterville pursuant to which we sold and issued to Streeterville a promissory note in the principal amount of approximately $1.7 million (the “2021 Streeterville Note”). The 2021 Streeterville Note was issued with an original issue discount of $194 thousand and Streeterville paid a purchase price of $1.5 million for the 2021 Streeterville Note, after deduction of $15 thousand of Streeterville’s transaction expenses. The 2021 Streeterville Note had a maturity date of April 27, 2023, and accrued interest at 8% per annum, compounded daily, on the outstanding balance.

Beginning on November 1, 2021, Streeterville could require the Company to redeem up to $205 thousand of the 2021 Streeterville Note in any calendar month. The Company had the right on three occasions to defer all redemptions that Streeterville could otherwise require the Company to make during any calendar month. Each exercise of this deferral right by the Company increased the amount outstanding under the 2021 Streeterville Note by 1.5%. The Company exercised this right twice during the fourth quarter of 2021, once during the second quarter of 2022 and once during the third quarter of 2022. The Company and Streeterville agreed to exchange common stock, priced at-the-market, for the required redemptions in October 2022 and December 2022, totaling $305 thousand converted to equity. These exchanges satisfied the redemption notices provided by Streeterville, and following the December 2022 exchange, the 2021 Streeterville Note was paid in full. We wrote off $100 thousand in remaining original issue discount costs at that time.

NOTE 8. INCOME TAXES

As a result of the operating loss incurred during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and after the application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had a full valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets.

The valuation allowance was recorded due to uncertainties related to our ability to realize the deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating loss carry-forwards. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction and the periods over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable.

At December 31, 2022, we had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $132.4 million for federal income tax purposes ($77.6 million for state and local income tax purposes). However, due to changes in our capital structure, approximately $71.0 million of the $132.4 million is available to offset future taxable income after the application of the limitations found under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”), net operating loss carry-forwards generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 can only offset 80% of taxable income and can be carried forward indefinitely. The $9.2 million and $9.6 million in federal net operating losses generated in 2022 and 2021, respectively, will be subject to the new limitations under the Tax Act. If not utilized, the carry-forwards generated prior to December 31, 2017 of $37.5 million will begin to expire in 2023 for federal purposes and have begun to expire for state and local purposes. For a full discussion of the estimated restrictions on our utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards, please refer to Note 11, “Income Taxes,” included under Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of our 2022 Annual Report.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

NOTE 9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

September 2023 Private Placement

On September 29, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 853,658 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $2.05 (the “September 2023 Private Placement”).

Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the September 2023 Private Placement were approximately $1.75 million. The September 2023 Private Placement closed on September 29, 2023.

June 2023 Private Placement

On June 29, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement an aggregate of 746,875 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price per share of $1.76 (the “June 2023 Private Placement”). One of the purchasers was Mr. Huang, the Company’s CEO.

Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the June 2023 Private Placement were approximately $1.3 million. The June 2023 Private Placement closed on June 29, 2023.

1-for-7 Reverse Stock Split

At the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders held on June 15, 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved a form of the certificate of amendment (“Certificate of Amendment”) to the Certificate of Incorporation and authorized our board of directors to amend the Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock at a ratio ranging from any whole number of at least 1-for-2 and up to 1-for-10, with the exact ratio within the foregoing range to be determined by the board of directors in its sole discretion.

On June 15, 2023, our board of directors determined to set the reverse stock split at 1-for-7 (the “Split Ratio”). The Certificate of Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 15, 2023, with the reverse stock split becoming effective on June 16, 2023 (the “Effective Time”). At the Effective Time, every seven shares of common stock issued and outstanding automatically combined into one validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable share of common stock. No fractional shares were issued as a result of the reverse stock split. The fractional shares were settled in cash in an amount not material to the Company. The $0.0001 par value per share of common stock and other terms of the common stock were not affected by the reverse stock split. The number of authorized shares of common stock under the Certificate of Incorporation remained unchanged at 50,000,000 shares.

The current financial statements, as well as the prior-period financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.

Our outstanding shares of restricted stock and shares underlying our options and warrants entitling the holders to purchase shares of common stock have been adjusted as a result of the reverse stock split, as required by the terms of these securities. Also, the number of shares reserved for issuance under our existing 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, and our 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan were reduced proportionately based on the Split Ratio. Preferred shares outstanding were not affected by the reverse stock split and as such, those shares have not been adjusted.

The reverse stock split was effected solely to increase the per share trading price of the common stock to satisfy the Bid Price Rule for continued listing on Nasdaq. The common stock began trading on Nasdaq on a split-adjusted basis at the opening of trading on June 19, 2023.

March 2023 Private Placements

On March 28, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mr. Jay Huang pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement (the “March 28, 2023 Private Placement”), 15,500 shares of the Company’s common stock for a purchase price of $3.55 per share.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

On March 30, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mei Yun (Gina) Huang, a member of the Board of Directors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement (collectively with the March 28, 2023 Private Placement, the “March 2023 Private Placements”), 71,428 shares of the Company’s common stock for a purchase price of $3.50 per share.

Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the March 2023 Private Placements were $305 thousand. Each of the March 2023 Private Placements was priced at-the-market under the Nasdaq rules.

February 2023 Private Placement

On February 24, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mei Yun (Gina) Huang, a member of the Board of Directors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement (the “February 2023 Private Placement”), 114,744 shares of the Company’s common stock, for a purchase price of $3.49 per share.

Gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the February 2023 Private Placement were $400 thousand. The February 2023 Private Placement was priced at fair market value under the Nasdaq rules.

January 2023 Sander Electronics Private Placement

On January 17, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Sander Purchase Agreement”) with certain purchasers associated with Sander Electronics, Inc., pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell in a private placement (the “Sander Private Placement”) an aggregate of 778,017 shares of common stock for a purchase price per share of $3.51. Consideration for the transaction included exchange of approximately $657 thousand in the aggregate of outstanding amounts on previous short-term bridge financings, including the 2022 Promissory Notes issued to Mr. Huang, as described above in Note 7, “Debt”.

Aggregate gross proceeds from the Sander Private Placement were approximately $2.1 million. The Sander Private Placement was priced at-the-market under the Nasdaq rules.

January 2023 Transactions with Mei Yun (Gina) Huang

On January 5, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mei Yun (Gina) Huang, a member of the Board of Directors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement, 36,828 shares of the Company’s common stock, for a purchase price of $2.72 per share. On January 10, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Ms. Huang, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement, 46,543 shares of the Company’s common stock for a purchase price of $3.22 per share.

Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of these private placements to Ms. Huang were $250 thousand. Each of the private placements to Ms. Huang was priced at fair market value under the Nasdaq rules.

On January 17, 2023, the Company and Ms. Huang entered into exchange agreements pursuant to which the Company and Ms. Huang agreed to exchange the approximately $817 thousand aggregate outstanding amounts on previous short-term bridge financings, including the 2022 Promissory Notes issued to Ms. Huang, as described above in Note 7, “Debt”, for an aggregate of 207,371 shares of common stock at a price per share of $3.94. The exchanges were priced at fair market value under the Nasdaq rules.

June 2022 Private Placement

In June 2022, we completed a private placement (the “June 2022 Private Placement”) with certain institutional investors for the sale of 187,637 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $9.10 per share. We also sold to the same institutional investors (i) pre-funded warrants (the “June 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase 196,978 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0007 per share and (ii) warrants (collectively with the June 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants, the “June 2022 Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 384,615 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $9.10 per share. In connection with the June 2022 Private Placement, we paid the placement agent commissions of $252 thousand, plus $35 thousand in expenses, and we also paid legal, accounting and other fees of $47 thousand. Total offering costs of $334 thousand have been presented as a reduction of additional paid-in capital and have been netted within equity in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022. Net proceeds to us from the June 2022 Private Placement were approximately $3.2 million. We determined the exercise price of the June 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants to be nominal

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

and, as such, have considered the 196,978 shares underlying them to be outstanding effective June 7, 2022, for purposes of calculating net loss per share.

In July 2022, all of the June 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised. As of September 30, 2023, June 2022 Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 384,615 shares remained outstanding, with a weighted average exercise price of $9.10 per share. The exercise of the remaining June 2022 Warrants outstanding could provide us with cash proceeds of up to $3.5 million in the aggregate.

December 2021 Private Placement

In December 2021, we completed a private placement (the “December 2021 Private Placement”) with certain institutional investors for the sale of 170,455 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $24.64 per share. We also sold to the same institutional investors (i) pre-funded warrants (the “December 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase 12,175 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0007 per share and (ii) warrants (collectively with the December 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants, the “December 2021 Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 182,630 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $24.64 per share. In connection with the December 2021 Private Placement, we paid the placement agent commissions of $360 thousand plus $42 thousand in expenses and we also paid legal, accounting and other fees of $97 thousand. Net proceeds from the December 2021 Private Placement were approximately $4.0 million.

In January 2022, all of the December 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised. As of September 30, 2023, December 2021 Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 182,630 shares remained outstanding, with an exercise price of $24.64 per share. The December 2021 Warrants expire on December 16, 2026. The exercise of the remaining December 2021 Warrants outstanding could provide us with cash proceeds of up to $4.5 million in the aggregate.

Preferred Stock

The Series A Preferred Stock was created by the filing of a Certificate of Designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 29, 2019, which designated 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, as Series A Preferred Stock (the “Original Series A Certificate of Designation”). On January 15, 2020 with prior stockholder approval, the Company amended the Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of preferred stock to 5,000,000. The Original Series A Certificate of Designation was also amended on January 15, 2020, to increase the number of shares of preferred stock designated as Series A Preferred Stock to 3,300,000 (the Original Series A Certificate of Designation, as so amended, the “Series A Certificate of Designation”).

Pursuant to the Series A Certificate of Designation, each holder of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to vote with holders of outstanding shares of common stock, voting together as a single class, with respect to any and all matters presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action or consideration, except as provided by law. In any such vote, each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall entitle its holder to a number of votes equal to 1.582% of the number of shares of common stock into which such share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible.

The Series A Preferred Stock (a) has a preference upon liquidation equal to $0.67 per share and then participates on an as-converted basis with the common stock with respect to any additional distributions, (b) shall receive any dividends declared

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

and payable on our common stock on an as-converted basis, and (c) is convertible at the option of the holder into shares of our common stock on a 1-for-35 basis.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 876,447 Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding which can be convertible into 25 thousand shares of common stock at the option of the holder.

Warrants

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, no warrants were exercised.

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, we had the following outstanding warrants:


	As of September 30, 2023	As of September 30, 2022
	Number of Underlying Shares		Exercise Price	Expiration
June 2022 Warrants	384,615	384,615	$9.10	December 16, 2026
December 2021 Warrants	182,630	182,630	$24.64	June 7, 2027
January 2020 Investor Warrants	26,819	26,819	$23.59	January 13, 2025
January 2020 Placement Agent Warrants	5,954	5,954	$34.96	January 13, 2025
	600,018	600,018

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of sales	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	2
Product development	(7)		4		—		16
Selling, general, and administrative	(6)		13		35		97
Total stock-based compensation	$	(13)	$	17	$	36	$	115

Total unearned stock-based compensation was $0.1 million at September 30, 2023, compared to $0.2 million at September 30, 2022. These costs will be charged to expense and amortized on a straight-line basis in future periods. The weighted average period over which the unearned compensation at September 30, 2023 is expected to be recognized is approximately 2.9 years.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

Stock options

The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further detailed below:


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Fair value of options issued	$	2.49		$	5.39
Exercise price	$	3.04		$	6.65
Expected life of options (in years)	6.1			6.1
Risk-free interest rate	3.5		%	3.0		%
Expected volatility	101.8		%	104.0		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%

A summary of option activity under all outstanding stock incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented as follows:


	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2022	47,103	$	13.78
Granted	11,427	3.04

Canceled/forfeited	(21,106)	16.80
Expired	(3,827)	17.06
Balance at September 30, 2023	33,597	$	7.85	8.8

Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2023	27,864	$	8.50	8.7

Exercisable at September 30, 2023	9,574	$	14.94	8.7
*Options have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Restricted stock units

A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all outstanding stock incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented as follows:


	Restricted Stock Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2022	1,657	$	11.13
Expired	(1,428)	4.90
Canceled/forfeited	(229)	49.99


Balance at September 30, 2023	—	$	—	—
*Restricted stock units have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

NOTE 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Purchase Commitments

As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately $1.5 million in outstanding purchase commitments for inventory, which is expected to ship in the fourth quarter of 2023. We have 89% of the outstanding purchase commitments with a related party.

NOTE 11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has an agreement with Sander Electronics, Inc., a shareholder of the Company, which provides for purchases by the Company of TLED products and spare parts. Purchases from Sander Electronics, Inc for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $196 thousand and $272 thousand, respectively. Accounts payable to Sander Electronics, Inc. amounted to $272 thousand and $0 as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Please refer to Note 7 for further details on Promissory Notes from shareholders.

Please refer to Note 9 for further details on Private Placements in 2023 and 2022

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report, as well as Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Annual Report”).

Overview

Energy Focus, Inc. engages primarily in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems and controls. We develop, market and sell high-quality light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting and control products in the commercial market and military maritime market (“MMM”). Our mission is to enable our customers to run their facilities with greater energy efficiency, productivity, and human health and wellness through advanced LED retrofit solutions. Our goal is to be a market leader for the most demanding applications where performance, quality, value, environmental impact, and health are considered paramount. We specialize in energy efficient LED lighting retrofit products, replacing fluorescent, high-intensity discharge lighting and other types of lamps in institutional buildings for primarily indoor lighting applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military-grade tubular LED (“TLED”) products, as well as other LED and lighting control products for commercial and consumer applications. We are also evaluating adjacent technologies, including Gallium Nitride (“GaN”) based power supplies and additional market opportunities for energy solution products that support sustainability in our existing channels.

The LED lighting industry has changed dramatically over the past several years due to increasing competition and price erosion. We have been experiencing these industry forces in both our military and commercial business since 2016, when we once commanded significant price premiums for our flicker-free TLEDs with industry leading warranties. In more recent years, we have focused on redesigning our products for lower costs and consolidated our supply chain for stronger purchasing power in an effort to price our products more competitively while not impacting the performance and quality. Despite these efforts, our legacy products continue to face extreme price competition and a convergence of product functionality in the marketplace, and we have shifted to diversifying our supply chain in an effort to increase value and remain competitive. These trends are not unique to Energy Focus as evidenced by the increasing number of industry peers facing challenges, exiting LED lighting, selling assets and even going out of business.

In addition to continuously pursuing cost reductions, our strategy to combat these trends is to innovate both our technology and product offerings with differentiated products and solutions that offer greater, distinct value. Specific examples of these products we have developed include the RedCap®, our patented emergency backup battery integrated TLED, EnFocus™, our unique dimmable/color-tunable lighting and powerline control platform that we launched in 2020, and the second generation of EnFocus™ powerline control switches and circadian lighting system. We are looking forward to the continued support and growth of our existing EnFocus™ product line which is particularly attractive for its ease of install and ease of use in spaces with transient occupation. The Company have enhanced the performance of our RedCap® product by providing a more user friendly experience in 2023. We continue to evaluate our sales strategy and believe our go-to-market strategy that focuses more on direct-sales marketing, selectively expanding our channel partner network to cover territories across the country, and listening to the voice of the customer will lead to better and more impactful product development efforts that we believe will eventually translate into larger addressable markets and greater sales growth for us.

Throughout 2023, the Company continued to make significant cost cutting efforts to address operational expenses while maintaining customer satisfaction and delivering goods on-time. Investments into Energy Focus have contributed to the ability of the Company to continue to not only provide quality products and services, but to both expand and rationalize product offerings.

It is our belief that the continued dramatic rightsizing efforts undertaken in 2022 and 2023, along with reorganization of the sales team and ongoing development of innovative, high-value products and an expanded distribution network, will over time result in improved sales and bottom-line performance for the Company.

During 2021 and into 2022, our MMM business continued to face challenges resulting from the delayed availability of government funding and the timing of U.S. Navy awards, with several anticipated projects facing repeated and ongoing delays. This sector also maintains very long sales cycles. The timeline between bid to order can often take at least six months, and many MMM products are built-to-order with resultant lead times before orders become revenue. We continue to pursue opportunities from the U.S. Navy and the government sector to minimize such volatility. Previously in our MMM business, significant efforts undertaken to reduce costs in our product offerings have positioned us to be more competitive along with improved production efficiencies. Such efforts allowed us to continue to win bids and proposals that helped grow

our MMM sales pipeline in the second half of 2022. In May 2022, we reinvested in our MMM sales channel with a strategic hire to lead our MMM sales effort. While we continue to aggressively seek to increase sales of our commercial products, the MMM business offers us continued sales opportunities, in addition to validating our product quality and strengthening our brand trust in the marketplace. However, due to product mix impacts resulting from the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial sales, our current financial results are in part driven by, and reflect volatility in, our MMM sales. Notwithstanding the aforementioned challenges and results, we are pleased to see a growth during the three months ended September 30, 2023 in quotation opportunities in both MMM and commercial product lines

Meanwhile, we continue to seek additional external funding alternatives and sources to support our growth strategies, plans and initiatives. The recent strategic investments in 2023 by Sander Electronics, Inc. (“Sander”) contributed meaningful external capital, as well as presents synergistic opportunities to improve and diversify our supply chain and product offerings. We plan in part to achieve profitability through increasing sales in our innovative products such as EnFocus powerline control technology and further leveraging our unique and proprietary technology such as RedCap®, as well as executing on our multi-channel sales strategy that targets key verticals, such as government, healthcare, education and commercial and industrial, complemented by our marketing outreach campaigns and expanding channel partnerships. We also plan to continue to develop advanced lighting and lighting control applications built upon the EnFocus platform that aim to serve the commercial market. We are also evaluating adjacent technologies including ruggedized industrial retrofit lighting applications and GaN-based power supplies and other market opportunities in energy solutions products that support sustainability in our existing channels. In addition, we intend to continue to apply rigorous financial discipline to our organizational structure, business processes and policies, strategic sourcing activities and supply chain practices to help accelerate our path towards profitability.

The EnFocus™ platform offers two immediately available product lines: EnFocus™ DM, which provides a dimmable lighting solution, and EnFocus™ DCT, which provides both a dimmable and color tunable lighting solution. EnFocus™ enables buildings to have dimmable, color tunable and circadian-ready lighting using existing wiring, without requiring laying additional data cables or any wireless communication systems, through a relatively simple upgrade with EnFocus™ switches and LED lamps, a far more secure, affordable and environmentally sustainable solution compared with replacing an entire luminaire and incorporating additional wired or wireless communication.

Despite continuing progress on cost reduction throughout 2022 and 2023, the Company’s results reflect the challenges due to long and unpredictable sales cycles, unexpected delays in MMM and commercial customer retrofit budgets and project starts, and supply chain issues. There has also been continuing aggressive price competition in the lighting industry. We continued to incur losses and we have a substantial accumulated deficit, which continues to raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern at September 30, 2023.

On June 28, 2023, the Company received notices of resignation from the following four members of the Board of Directors: Jennifer Cheng, Brian Lagarto, Jeffery Parker, and Stephen Socolof. Their terms as directors would have otherwise expired at the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders of the Company. The resignations did not involve any disagreement with the Company.

On July 2, 2023, the remaining members of the Board of Directors unanimously appointed the following four new members to the Board of Directors: Kin-Fu Chen, Shou-Jang Lee, Jason Tien-Chia Tsai, and Chao-Jen Huang (“Jay Huang”). The Board of Directors affirmatively determined that, at the time of his appointment, each of the new members of the Board of Directors is an independent director under the corporate governance standards of the Nasdaq.

On August 24, 2023, the Board of Directors approved the termination of the Company’s chief executive officer and appointed Jay Huang to serve as the Company’s new chief executive officer. In line with this decision, Mr. Huang will discontinue his role as Chairman of the Board. As part of this transition, the Board has appointed Kin Fu Chen as the Chairman of the Board.

Our Business Strategy

Demand-oriented Approach

In order to deepen our relationships with customers, we are in the process of re-establishing our service model, aiming to provide richer and more targeted customer service. We believe that by increasing opportunities for interaction with our customers, we can better understand their needs, thereby enhancing their loyalty to our brand.

To ensure that EFOI’s products, pricing, and customer service lifecycle are better aligned, we are building a comprehensive value model to ensure consistency in the products and services we provide throughout the customer journey. We have begun an in-depth analysis of our current and past top 10 customers over the last five years to identify the core factors that make

them loyal customers. By analyzing this data, we hope to reveal the key elements that enhance customer stickiness, providing them with more reasons and value to stay with us. In particular, we are actively focusing on customers with high loyalty to better meet their needs. This is not only an acknowledgment of our products but also a validation of the quality of our service.

Supply-oriented Approach

EFOI is committed to adopting three main sustainable economy strategies: 'Green Supply Chain', 'Green Product', and 'Green Manufacturing', aiming to promote sustainability throughout the entire value chain. The Company is working closely with its supply chain partners to 'optimize recycling mechanisms' and 'strengthen packaging design', integrating sustainable economy principles into the core of supply chain management.

Guided by the vision of 'transcending traditional corporate social responsibility and creating shared value', EFOI’s team is focusing on stakeholders, aiming to achieve a 'dual profit engine' effect by combining 'financial performance' and 'Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)' practices. This strategy not only aligns with the Company’s responsibility and sustainability goals but is also expected to enhance overall performance and market competitiveness. EFOI's operational team's new strategy focuses on integrating environmental and economic benefits, aiming to create a win-win situation that benefits the company, society, and the environment.

Under the premise of a similar industrial environment and familiar relationships, our professional skills complement those of our supply chain partners. This foundation of cooperation enables us to more easily achieve common goals of cost reduction, profit sharing, and exploring new business opportunities. This not only strengthens our cooperative relationship but also lays a solid foundation for our joint efforts towards a better future.

Financial-oriented Approach

The Company applies strategic financial management in the below perspective.

Control and Monitoring of Assets and Liabilities

•Assets: Regularly evaluate all assets, especially inventory, to ensure they remain in optimal condition in terms of value and performance. Minimize or mitigate the impact of inefficient and aging assets, focusing on assets with high efficiency and return.

•Liabilities: Ensure a robust liability structure, optimize the cost of liabilities, and seek lower interest rates and more favorable repayment terms. Regularly review the liability situation to ensure the company’s level of liabilities remains within a safe range.

Structured Profitability

•Revenue Growth: Develop diversified revenue streams, reduce dependency on single business or market, continuously optimize products and services, and enhance market competitiveness.

•Cost Control: Strictly control operating costs, seek opportunities to reduce costs, and ensure the efficient use of resources to optimize operations.

•Cash Flow Management: Establish a sound accounts receivable and payable management system to ensure timely collection of receivables and reasonable arrangement of payments. Maintain sufficient cash reserves to cope with potential funding shortages.

Results of operations

The following table sets forth items in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net sales	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of sales	103.6		109.2		95.5		101.5
Gross (loss) profit	(3.6)		(9.2)		4.5		(1.5)

Operating expenses:
Product development	—		20.7		13.3		23.0
Selling, general, and administrative	53.2		102.2		87.6		111.1
Loss on write-off of property and equipment	—		4.3		—		1.4

Total operating expenses	53.2		127.2		100.9		135.5
Loss from operations	(56.8)		(136.4)		(96.4)		(137.0)

Other expenses (income):
Interest expense, net	2.5		13.3		6.8		12.8


Other income	—		—		(0.5)		(0.6)

Other expenses	0.5		1.1		0.8		0.9



Net loss	(59.8)	%	(150.8)	%	(103.5)	%	(150.1)	%

Net sales

A further breakdown of our net sales is presented in the following table (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Commercial	$	498	$	1,288	$	1,261	$	3,397
MMM products	841		476		2,063		1,908

Total net sales	$	1,339	$	1,764	$	3,324	$	5,305

Net sales of $1.3 million for the third quarter of 2023 decreased $0.4 million, or 24%, compared to third quarter of 2022 net sales of $1.8 million, primarily driven by a decrease in commercial sales of $0.8 million, or 61%, that was partially offset by an increase in MMM sales of $0.4 million, or 77%. MMM sales increased due to larger sales orders obtained for MMM products as well as efficiency increased by the replacement of the head of MMM sales mid-year 2022. Net commercial product sales decreased in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the lack of availability in high margin, high demand commercial products as a result of supply chain interruptions as well as the new CEO’s focus on internal processes such as cost management.

Net sales of $3.3 million for the first nine months of 2023 decreased $2.0 million, or 37%, compared to the same period in 2022, primarily driven by a 63% decrease in commercial product sales, that was partially offset by an increase in MMM product sales of 8% for the first nine months of 2023, as compared to the same period of 2022. Net commercial product sales for the first nine months of 2023 decreased as compared to the same period of 2022 due to the unavailability of high margin, high demand commercial items because of supply chain interruptions. Net sales of our MMM products increased mainly due to larger sales orders obtained for MMM products and efficiency increased by the replacement of the head of MMM sales mid-year 2022.

Gross Profit

Gross loss was $0.0 million, or (4)% of net sales, for the third quarter of 2023. This compares with gross loss of $(0.2) million, or (9)% of net sales, in the third quarter of 2022. The period-over-period increase in gross profit was driven mainly by the $0.6 million favorable impact from variable costs which included a one-time adjustment taken during the period of 2022 for a scrap write-off which was slightly offset by the $0.1 million unfavorable impact of higher fixed costs.

Gross profit was $0.1 million, or 10% of net sales, for the first nine months of 2023 compared to gross loss of $(0.1) million, or (2)% of net sales, for the first nine months of 2022. The year-over-year increase was driven by (i) a favorable $0.1 million decrease in fixed costs, or 2% of net sales, and (ii) a favorable impact of $2.1 million, or 39% of net sales, from variable cost such as change in inventory reserves which included a one-time adjustment taken during the period of 2022 for a scrap write-off.

Operating expenses

Product development

Product development expenses include salaries and related expenses, contractor and consulting fees, product development related legal fees, supplies and materials, as well as overhead, such as depreciation and facility costs. Product development costs are expensed as they are incurred.

Product development expenses were $0.1 million for the third quarter of 2023, down 61% from the third quarter of 2022. Product development expenses in the third quarter of 2023 primarily relate to salaries and related employee benefits and taxes.

Product development expenses were $0.4 million for the first nine months of 2023, a $0.8 million decrease compared to $1.2 million for the first nine months of 2022. The decrease is primarily related to payroll expense, decreased headcount, and customization of product offerings for key customers.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $0.7 million for the third quarter of 2023, down 60% as compared to $1.8 million in the third quarter of 2022. The decrease in expenses from the third quarter of 2022 primarily relates to (i) a reduction of $0.6 million in payroll and payroll related expenses due to reduced headcount; (ii) a reduction of $0.1 million in trade show and other marketing expense; (iii) a reduction of $0.3 million in professional fees such as legal, recruiting, and directors; and (iv) a reduction of $0.1 million in office related expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $2.9 million for the first nine months of 2023, compared to $5.9 million for the first nine months of 2022. The decrease is primarily due to (i) decreases in payroll and payroll related expenses of $1.8 million due to reduced headcount; (ii) a reduction of $0.4 million in trade show and other marketing expense; (iii) a reduction of $0.4 million in professional fees such as legal, consulting, recruiting, and directors; and (iv) a reduction in depreciation and software expenses of $0.4 million.

Other Expense (Income)

Interest expense

Interest expense was $34 thousand for the third quarter of 2023, compared to interest expense of $235 thousand for the third quarter of 2022. The decrease in interest expense is primarily related to interest attributable to an overall reduction in principal on the Inventory Facility (as defined below) and the 2022 Streeterville Note (as defined below), lower facility fees on the Inventory Facility and elimination of the Receivables Facility (as defined below), as well as the amortization of debt costs related to the Inventory Facility. The actual cash interest paid in the third quarter of 2023 was $7 thousand compared to $84 thousand in the third quarter of 2022.

Interest expense was $226 thousand for the first nine months of 2023, compared to interest expense of $679 thousand for the first nine months of 2022. The decrease in interest expense is primarily related to interest attributable to a promissory note we sold and issued to Streeterville Capital, LLC (“Streeterville”) in the principal amount of approximately $1.7 million (the “2021 Streeterville Note”), as well as the amortization of debt costs related to the Credit Facilities (as defined below). The actual cash interest paid for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $77 thousand and $267 thousand, respectively.

Other income and expenses

Other expenses were $7 thousand for the third quarter of 2023, compared to other expenses of $20 thousand for the third quarter of 2022. Other expenses were $28 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to other expenses of $49 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Other expenses are mainly comprised of bank and collateral management fees.

Other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $16 thousand, relates to the reversal of credit balances recorded from online retail sales which was taken to income during the second quarter of 2023. Other income of $30 thousand for the third quarter of 2022 relates to an aged customer credit balance the Company had been carrying for which the customer had not responded to various inquiries. This credit was taken to income during the first quarter of 2022.

Provision for income taxes

Due to the operating losses incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and after application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax or various state income taxes as income tax benefits are fully offset by a valuation allowance recorded.

Net loss

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, our net loss of $0.9 million decreased 65% from $2.7 million net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in operating expenses in the third quarter of 2023 from the third quarter of 2022 as gross profit remained relatively flat.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our net loss of $3.4 million decreased 57% from $8.0 million net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in operating expenses in the first nine months of 2023 from the first nine months of 2022 as gross profit remained relatively flat.

Financial condition

At September 30, 2023, we had $1.7 million in cash and a total of $1.3 million of debt, net of discounts and unamortized debt costs, related to the 2022 Streeterville Note outstanding. We have historically incurred substantial losses, and as of September 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $152.5 million. Additionally, our sales have been concentrated among a few major customers and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, two customers accounted for approximately 29% of net sales.

In 2022 and 2023, we recommitted to building upon the transformation activities started during 2019 and 2020 that sought to stabilize and regrow our business. These efforts include the following key developments that occurred during 2022 and 2023:

•We continued development of the second generation of EnFocus™ powerline control switches and circadian lighting system for commercial markets, which as a result of supply chain challenges we now plan to launch in 2023. EnFocus™ powerline control enables buildings to have dimmable, color tunable and circadian-ready lighting using existing wiring, without requiring laying additional cables or any wireless communication systems, through a relatively simple upgrade with EnFocus™ switches and EnFocus™ LED lamps. This upgrade offers a simpler, more secure, affordable and environmentally sustainable solution compared with replacing entire luminaire fixtures and incorporating additional wired or wireless communication.

•We reinvested in our MMM sales channel with a strategic hire in the second quarter of 2022 and are pursuing existing and new sales opportunities, though the sales cycles for what are frequently made-to-order products are longer than commercial offerings.

•Beginning in July 2022, we reduced our warehouse square footage, and undertook an inventory reduction project throughout 2022 focused on reducing our highly reserved commercial finished good inventory.

•The Company has aggressively re-evaluated operating expenses, and reduced its workforce significantly throughout 2022 and into 2023 to manage fixed costs.

•We continued to seek additional external funding alternatives and sources to support our growth strategies, plans and initiatives. In August 2023, we entered into a security purchase agreement, pursuant to which we raised an

aggregate gross proceeds of $1.8 million. Please refer to Note 7 and Note 9 include under Part I, “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report for the details.

During 2022 and into 2023, we redoubled our cost control efforts to streamline our operations by closely managing all spending done throughout the Company, while carefully investing in new products and strategies that sought to reenergize sales.

Throughout 2022 and into 2023, due to lingering economic and building occupancy impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, we experienced continuing weakness in commercial sales as our customers in the healthcare, education, and commercial and industrial sectors put lighting retrofit projects on hold or delayed order placements. We continue to monitor the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers, suppliers and logistics providers. Although the significance and duration of the ongoing impact on our customers and us is still uncertain, and the specific timing of business recovery from the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic is still difficult to predict, we remain optimistic that facility capital budgets will start unfreezing, commercial building occupancy will rise, and our growth efforts will further impact our financial performance in a positive way.

We will seek to remain agile as an organization to respond to potential or continuing weakness in the macroeconomic environment and in the meantime seek to expand sales channels and enter new markets that we believe will provide additional growth opportunities. We plan to achieve profitability through developing and launching new, innovative products, such as our EnFocusTM powerline control systems, our Redcap® emergency battery backup tubular TLEDs, evaluating new growth opportunities such as GaN-based power supply circuitry and other energy solution products, as well as executing on our multi-channel sales strategy that targets key verticals, such as government, healthcare, education and commercial and industrial, complemented by our marketing outreach campaigns and expanding channel partnerships. We also plan to continue to develop advanced lighting and lighting control applications built upon the EnFocusTM platform that aim to serve the commercial markets. In addition, we intend to continue to apply rigorous financial discipline in our organizational structure, decision-making, business processes and policies, strategic sourcing activities and supply chain practices to help accelerate our path towards profitability.

Liquidity and capital resources

Cash

At September 30, 2023, our cash balance was approximately $1.7 million, compared to approximately $0.1 million at December 31, 2022.

The following summarizes cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities, as reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements,” of this Quarterly Report (in thousands):


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(2,370)	$	(6,241)

Net cash used in investing activities	$	(27)	$	(41)

Net cash provided by financing activities	$	4,036	$	3,641

Net cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $3.4 million and was adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, provisions for inventory, warranty, and accounts receivable reserves and working capital changes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we generated $0.6 million from inventory, $0.5 million from changes in prepaid and other assets, mainly from the receipt of $445 thousand in Employee Retention Tax Credit funds, and $0.4 million from accounts payable due to the timing of inventory receipts and payments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we used $0.4 million through the timing of collection of accounts receivable.

Net cash used in operating activities was $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $8.0 million and was adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, provisions for inventory, warranty, and accounts receivable reserves and working capital changes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we generated $1.5 million from inventory, $0.2 million through the timing of collection of accounts receivable, and $0.2 million from changes in prepaid and other assets. We used $0.1 million from accounts payable due to the timing of inventory receipts and payments, $0.5 million due to changes in accrued and other liabilities (primarily due to a decrease in accrued payroll), and $0.3 million from changes in deferred revenue.

Net cash used in investing activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, net cash used in investing activities was $27 thousand and $41 thousand, respectively, which is primarily from the purchase of tooling.

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $4.0 million, primarily related to $6.1 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock, offset by net payments on the Credit Facilities of $1.4 million and the 2022 Streeterville Note of $625 thousand.

As of September 30, 2023, the June 2022 Warrants, expiring June 7, 2027, to purchase an aggregate of 384,616 shares remained outstanding, with a weighted average exercise price of $9.10 per share; warrants issued in December 2021, expiring December 16, 2026 (the “December 2021 Warrants”), to purchase an aggregate of 182,630 shares remained outstanding, with an exercise price of $24.64 per share, and warrants issued in January 2020, expiring January 13, 2025 (the “January 2020 Warrants”), to purchase an aggregate of 32,773 shares remained outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $25.66 per share. The exercise of the remaining June 2022 Warrants, December 2021 Warrants and January 2020 Warrants outstanding could provide us with cash proceeds of up to $3.5 million, $4.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in the aggregate.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $3.6 million, primarily related to primarily related to proceeds of $450 thousand from the 2022 Promissory Note, net proceeds of $1.8 million from the 2022 Streeterville Note and net proceeds of $3.2 million from the June 2022 Private Placement. These proceeds were offset slightly by $1.4 million in payments made against the 2021 Streeterville Note and $0.2 million in net payments made on the Credit Facilities.

Contractual and other obligations

There have been no other material changes to our contractual and other obligations as compared to those included in our 2022 Annual Report.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as compared to those included in our 2022 Annual Report.

Certain risks and concentrations

individually represented 10% or more of our total trade accounts payable balance. Please refer to Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” included under Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements,” of this Quarterly Report.

Recent accounting pronouncements

For information on recent accounting pronouncements, please refer to Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” included under Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements,” of this Quarterly Report.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, the Company is not required to provide information required by this item.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer who also serves as our principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management must evaluate, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of September 30, 2023, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, did evaluate the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

During the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report, there have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit Number			Description of Documents
10.1			Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2023, between the Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 5, 2023).
31.1+			Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2+			Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1++			Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*101			The following financial information from our Quarterly Report for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
*104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* Pursuant to Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is not deemed filed for purposes of Section 11 of the Securities Act, or Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of these sections.

+ Filed herewith.

++ This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


			ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

Date:	November 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Chiao Chieh Jay Huang
			Chiao Chieh Jay Huang
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Chiao Chieh Jay Huang, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Focus, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and I have;

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Chiao Chieh Jay Huang
Chiao Chieh Jay Huang
Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 9, 2023

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Chiao Chieh Jay Huang, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Focus, Inc.;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Chiao Chieh Jay Huang
Chiao Chieh Jay Huang
Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 9, 2023

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Focus, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”), I, Chiao Chieh Jay Huang, Chief Executive Officer of the Company certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(i) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Chiao Chieh Jay Huang
Chiao Chieh Jay Huang
Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 9, 2023

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Energy Focus, Inc. and will be retained by Energy Focus, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover Page - shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 07, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36583
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	94-3021850
Entity Address, Address Line One	32000 Aurora Road
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite B
Entity Address, City or Town	Solon
Entity Address, State or Province	OH
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	44139
City Area Code	(440)
Local Phone Number	715-1300
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	EFOI
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		4,348,690
Entity Central Index Key	0000924168
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Registrant Name	ENERGY FOCUS, INC/DE

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Current assets:

Cash

$ 1,691

$ 52

Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $76 and $26, respectively

844

445

Inventories, net

4,901

5,476

Short-term deposits

732

592

Prepaid and other current assets

189

232

Receivable for claimed Employee Retention Tax Credit

445

Total current assets

8,357

7,242

Property and equipment, net

Operating lease, right-of-use asset

967

1,180

Total assets

9,403

8,498

Current liabilities:

Accrued liabilities

116

145

Accrued legal and professional fees

Accrued payroll and related benefits

172

261

Accrued sales commissions

Accrued warranty reserve

147

183

Operating lease liabilities

216

198

Promissory notes payable, net of discounts and loan origination fees

1,266

2,618

Credit line borrowings, net of loan origination fees

1,447

Total current liabilities

4,654

7,946

Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion

857

1,029

Total liabilities

5,511

8,975

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share: Authorized: 5,000,000 shares (3,300,000 designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock) at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 Issued and outstanding: 876,447 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022

Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share: Authorized: 50,000,000 shares at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 Issued and outstanding: 0 at September 30, 2023 and 1,406,920* at December 31, 2022

^[1]

Additional paid-in capital

156,361

148,545

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

(3)

Accumulated deficit

(152,466)

(149,020)

Total stockholders' equity (deficit)

3,892

(477)

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)

9,403

8,498

Nonrelated Party

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

2,330

2,204

Related Party

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

272

Related party promissory notes payable

$ 0

$ 814

[1]	* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals)
$ in Thousands

Sep. 30, 2023

USD ($)

$ / shares

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

$ / shares

Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | $

$ 76

$ 26

Preferred stock, par value (USD per share) | $ / shares

$ 0.0001

Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)

5,000,000

Preferred stock, issued (in shares)

876,447

Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)

876,447

Common stock, par value (USD per share) | $ / shares

$ 0.0001

Common stock, authorized (in shares)

50,000,000

Common stock, issued (in shares)

4,348,690

1,406,920

^[1]

Common stock, outstanding (in shares)

4,348,690

1,406,920

^[1]

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)

3,300,000

[1]	* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Sep. 30, 2022

Sep. 30, 2023

Sep. 30, 2022

Income Statement [Abstract]

Net sales

$ 1,339

$ 1,764

$ 3,324

$ 5,305

Cost of sales

1,387

1,927

3,176

5,385

Gross (loss) profit

(48)

(163)

148

(80)

Operating expenses:

Product development

142

366

443

1,222

Selling, general, and administrative

713

1,802

2,911

5,893

Loss on write-off of fixed assets

Total operating expenses

855

2,244

3,354

7,191

Loss from operations

(903)

(2,407)

(3,206)

(7,271)

Other expenses (income):

Interest expense, net

235

226

679

Other income

(16)

(30)

Other expenses

Net loss

$ (944)

$ (2,662)

$ (3,444)

$ (7,969)

Net loss per common share - basic and diluted

Net loss, basic (USD per share)

$ (0.27)

$ (2.03)

$ (1.20)

$ (7.33)

Net loss, diluted (USD per share)

$ (0.27)

$ (2.03)

$ (1.20)

$ (7.33)

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:

Basic (in shares)

^[1]

3,514

1,313

2,868

1,087

Diluted (in shares)

^[1]

3,514

1,313

2,868

1,087

[1]	* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Parentheticals)	Jun. 16, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Reverse stock split ratio	0.142857	0.142857

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Total

Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance

Preferred Stock

Common Stock

Additional Paid-in Capital

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated Deficit

Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021

876,000

Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021

$ 6,209

$ 0

$ 144,953

$ (3)

$ (138,741)

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021

^[1]

910,000

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants (in shares)

^[1]

12,000

Stock-based compensation

Net Income (Loss)

(2,821)

Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022

876,000

Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022

3,432

$ 0

144,997

(3)

(141,562)

Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022

^[1]

922,000

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021

876,000

Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021

$ 6,209

$ 0

144,953

(3)

(138,741)

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021

^[1]

910,000

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants (in shares)

Net Income (Loss)

$ (7,969)

Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022

876,000

Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022

1,526

$ 0

$ 1

148,238

(3)

(146,710)

Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022

^[1]

1,313,000

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021

876,000

Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021

6,209

$ 0

144,953

(3)

(138,741)

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021

^[1]

910,000

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Net Income (Loss)

(10,300)

Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022

876,000

Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022

$ (477)

$ (2)

$ 0

$ 1

148,545

(3)

(149,020)

$ (2)

Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022

1,406,920

^[2]

1,407,000

^[1]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Accounting Standards Update [Extensible List]

Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member]

Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022

876,000

Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022

$ 3,432

$ 0

144,997

(3)

(141,562)

Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022

^[1]

922,000

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans (in shares)

^[1]

6,000

Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans

Issuance of common stock and warrants (in shares)

^[1]

188,000

Issuance of common stock and warrants

3,500

$ 1

3,499

Offering costs on issuance of common stock and warrants

(334)

Stock-based compensation

Net Income (Loss)

(2,486)

Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022

876,000

Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022

$ 4,171

$ 0

$ 1

148,221

(3)

(144,048)

Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022

^[1]

1,116,000

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants (in shares)

Issuance of common stock and warrants (in shares)

^[1]

197,000

Stock-based compensation

$ 17

Net Income (Loss)

(2,662)

Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022

876,000

Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022

1,526

$ 0

$ 1

148,238

(3)

(146,710)

Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022

^[1]

1,313,000

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022

876,000

Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022

$ (477)

(2)

$ 0

$ 1

148,545

(3)

(149,020)

(2)

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022

1,406,920

^[2]

1,407,000

^[1]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans (in shares)

^[1]

285,000

Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans

$ 3,025

$ 1

3,024

Stock issued in exchange transactions (in shares)

^[1]

1,057,000

Stock issued in exchange transactions

1,716

Stock-based compensation

Net Income (Loss)

(1,333)

Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023

876,000

Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023

2,955

$ 0

$ 2

153,311

(3)

(150,355)

Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023

^[1]

2,749,000

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022

876,000

Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022

$ (477)

$ (2)

$ 0

$ 1

148,545

(3)

(149,020)

$ (2)

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022

1,406,920

^[2]

1,407,000

^[1]

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants (in shares)

Net Income (Loss)

$ (3,444)

Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023

876,000

Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023

$ 3,892

$ 0

156,361

(3)

(152,466)

Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023

4,348,690

4,349,000

^[1]

Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023

876,000

Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023

$ 2,955

$ 0

$ 2

153,311

(3)

(150,355)

Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023

^[1]

2,749,000

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans (in shares)

^[1]

747,000

Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans

1,304

Par value adjustment due to reverse stock split

$ (2)

Reduction in equity due to costs from reverse stock split

(16)

Stock-based compensation

Net Income (Loss)

(1,167)

Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023

876,000

Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023

3,099

$ 0

154,624

(3)

(151,522)

Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023

^[1]

3,496,000

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]

Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans (in shares)

^[1]

853,000

Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans

$ 1,750

1,750

Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants (in shares)

Stock-based compensation

$ (13)

(13)

Net Income (Loss)

(944)

Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023

876,000

Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023

$ 3,892

$ 0

$ 156,361

$ (3)

$ (152,466)

Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023

4,348,690

4,349,000

^[1]

[1]	*Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.
[2]	* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Parentheticals)	Jun. 16, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Reverse stock split ratio	0.142857	0.142857

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net Income (Loss)	$ (944)	$ (1,167)	$ (1,333)	$ (2,662)	$ (2,486)	$ (2,821)	$ (3,444)	$ (7,969)	$ (10,300)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Other income	(40)			0			(40)	(30)
Depreciation	8			42			24	129
Stock-based compensation	(13)			17			36	115
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	0			1			50	(3)
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories	62			220			(68)	164
Provision for warranties	0			(74)			(37)	(53)
Amortization of loan discounts and origination fees	59			87			168	247
Loss on write-off of property and equipment	0			76			0	76
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (sources / (uses) of cash):
Accounts receivable	(46)			139			(449)	240
Inventories	340			792			643	1,546
Short-term deposits	(117)			(110)			(140)	(51)
Prepaid and other assets	28			46			488	162
Accounts payable	(459)			629			398	(92)
Accrued and other liabilities	87			(101)			1	(461)
Deferred revenue	0			7			0	(261)
Total adjustments	(91)			1,771			1,074	1,728
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,035)			(891)			(2,370)	(6,241)	(6,700)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of property and equipment	(27)			(9)			(27)	(41)
Net cash used in investing activities	(27)			(9)			(27)	(41)
Cash flows from financing activities (sources / (uses) of cash):
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants	1,750			0			6,079	3,500
Offering costs paid on the issuance of common stock and warrants	0			0			0	(334)
Costs related to reverse stock-split	0			0			(16)	0
Principal payments under finance lease obligations	0			0			0	(1)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases	0			0			0	5
Proceeds from the related party promissory note payable	0			450			0	450
Deferred financing costs	0			(95)			0	(329)
Net payments on proceeds from the credit line borrowings - Credit Facilities	(188)			58			(1,402)	(215)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,437			3			4,036	3,641
Net increase (decrease) in cash	375			(897)			1,639	(2,641)
Cash, beginning of period	1,316		$ 52	938		$ 2,682	52	2,682	2,682
Cash, end of period	1,691	$ 1,316		41	$ 938		1,691	41	$ 52
2021 Streeterville Note
Cash flows from financing activities (sources / (uses) of cash):
Repayments of notes payable	0			(410)			0	(1,435)
2022 Streeterville Note
Cash flows from financing activities (sources / (uses) of cash):
Repayments of notes payable	(125)			0			(625)	0
Proceeds from notes payable	$ 0			$ 0			$ 0	$ 2,000

Nature of Operations	9 Months Ended
Nature of Operations	Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Nature of Operations	NATURE OF OPERATIONSEnergy Focus, Inc. engages primarily in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems and controls. We develop, market, and sell high-quality light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting and control products in the commercial market and military maritime market (“MMM”). Our mission is to enable our customers to run their facilities with greater energy efficiency and productivity and increased human health and wellness through advanced LED retrofit solutions. Our goal is to be the human wellness lighting and LED technology and market leader for the most demanding applications where performance, quality, value, environmental impact, and health are considered paramount. We specialize in LED lighting retrofit by replacing fluorescent, high-intensity discharge lighting and other types of lamps in institutional buildings for primarily indoor lighting applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military-grade tubular LED (“TLED”) products, as well as other LED and lighting control products for commercial applications. We are also evaluating adjacent technologies, including Gallium Nitride (“GaN”) based power supplies and additional market opportunities for energy solution products that support sustainability in our existing channels.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

Going Concern and Nasdaq Continued Listing Requirements Compliance

•obtaining financing from traditional or non-traditional investment capital organizations or individuals;

•obtaining funding from the sale of our common stock or other equity or debt instruments; and

•obtaining debt financing with lending terms that more closely match our business model and capital needs.

There can be no assurance that we will obtain funding on acceptable terms, in a timely fashion, or at all. Obtaining additional funding contains risks, including:

•the current environment in the capital markets and volatile interest rates, combined with our capital constraints, may prevent us from being able to obtain adequate debt financing.

Nasdaq Capital Market Compliance

Use of estimates

Revenue

The following table provides a disaggregation of product net sales for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net sales:
Commercial	$	498	$	1,288	$	1,261	$	3,397
MMM products	841		476		2,063		1,908
Total net sales	$	1,339	$	1,764	$	3,324	$	5,305

Accounts Receivable



	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		January 01, 2022
Gross Accounts Receivable	$	920	$	471	$	1,254
Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	(76)		(26)		(14)
Net Accounts Receivable	$	844	$	445	$	1,240

Geographic information

Net loss per share

The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted loss per share computations (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(944)	$	(2,662)	$	(3,444)	$	(7,969)

Denominator:
Basic and diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding *	3,514		1,313		2,868		1,087


* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Product warranties

The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	146	$	315	$	183	$	295
Warranty accruals for current period sales	1		(23)		3		(17)
Adjustments to existing warranty reserves	—		(57)		(39)		(29)
In kind settlements made during the period	—		7		—		(7)
Accrued warranty reserve at end of period	$	147	$	242	$	147	$	242

Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements


Level 1			Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2			Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Level 3			Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Certain risks and concentrations

Recently adopted accounting standard

Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

INVENTORIES


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	3,066	$	3,347
Finished goods	4,295		4,656
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories	(2,460)		(2,527)
Inventories, net	$	4,901	$	5,476

The following is a roll-forward of the reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	(2,400)	$	(2,792)	$	(2,527)	$	(3,050)
Accrual	(169)		(241)		(155)		(442)
Reduction due to sold inventory	109		21		222		278
Write-off for disposed inventory	—		353		—		555
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories	$	(2,460)	$	(2,659)	$	(2,460)	$	(2,659)

Other Current Assets	9 Months Ended
Other Current Assets	Sep. 30, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Other Current Assets	OTHER CURRENT ASSETS Employee Retention Tax Credit The CARES Act, which was enacted on March 27, 2020, provides an Employee Retention Tax Credit (“ERTC”) that is a refundable tax credit against certain employer taxes. The ERTC was subsequently amended by the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, the Consolidated Appropriation Act of 2021, and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, all of which amended and extended the ERTC availability and guidelines under the CARES Act. Following these amendments, we and other businesses became retroactively eligible for the ERTC, and as a result of the foregoing legislation, are eligible to claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of Social Security taxes equal to 70% of the qualified wages paid to employees between January 1, 2021 and September 30, 2021. Qualified wages are limited to $10,000 per employee per calendar quarter in 2021 for a maximum allowable ERTC per employee of $7,000 per calendar quarter in 2021. For purposes of the amended ERTC, an eligible employer is defined as having experienced a significant (20% or more) decline in gross receipts during each of the first three 2021 calendar quarters when compared with the same quarter in 2019 or the immediately preceding quarter to the corresponding calendar quarter in 2019. The credit is taken against the Company’s share of Social Security Tax when the Company’s payroll provider files, or subsequently amends the applicable quarterly employer tax filings. Under the amended guidelines, we were eligible to receive the ERTC for the second and third quarters of 2021. As part of the filing of our employer tax filings for the third quarter of 2021, we applied for and received a refund of $431 thousand, and we amended our filing for the second quarter of 2021, for which we received an additional refund of approximately $445 thousand during the second quarter of 2023. This amount was recorded as a receivable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022.

Property and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years)	$	1,061	$	1,061
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years)	190		190



Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)	141		141
Projects in progress	27		—



Property and equipment at cost	1,419		1,392
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,340)		(1,316)
Property and equipment, net	$	79	$	76

Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

LEASES

Components of the operating lease costs recognized in net loss were as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost (income)
Sub-lease income	$	—	$	(9)	$	—	$	(90)
Lease cost	122		83		354		298











Total lease cost, net	$	122	$	74	$	354	$	208

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	967	$	1,180



Operating lease liabilities	$	1,073	$	1,227



Finance Leases
Property and equipment	13		13
Allowances for depreciation	(13)		(13)
Finance lease assets, net	$	—	$	—

Future minimum lease payments required under operating leases for each of the 12-month rolling periods below in effect at September 30, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
October 2023 to September 2024	$	378
October 2024 to September 2025	380
October 2025 to September 2026	388
October 2026 to September 2027	294


Total future undiscounted lease payments	1,440
Less imputed interest	367
Total lease obligations	$	1,073

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid, net, for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	97	$	86	$	286	$	326

Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1

Leases

LEASES

Components of the operating lease costs recognized in net loss were as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost (income)
Sub-lease income	$	—	$	(9)	$	—	$	(90)
Lease cost	122		83		354		298











Total lease cost, net	$	122	$	74	$	354	$	208

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	967	$	1,180



Operating lease liabilities	$	1,073	$	1,227



Finance Leases
Property and equipment	13		13
Allowances for depreciation	(13)		(13)
Finance lease assets, net	$	—	$	—

Future minimum lease payments required under operating leases for each of the 12-month rolling periods below in effect at September 30, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
October 2023 to September 2024	$	378
October 2024 to September 2025	380
October 2025 to September 2026	388
October 2026 to September 2027	294


Total future undiscounted lease payments	1,440
Less imputed interest	367
Total lease obligations	$	1,073

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid, net, for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	97	$	86	$	286	$	326

Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1

Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

DEBT

Credit facilities

On August 11, 2020, we entered into two debt financing arrangements (together, the “Credit Facilities”) that allowed for expanded borrowing capacity at a lower blended borrowing cost.

Inventory Facility with Crossroads

Receivables Facility with FSW Funding

Promissory Notes

The following summarizes the 2022 Promissory Notes at December 31, 2022:


At December 31, 2022
	G. Huang		J. Huang		J. Huang		G. Huang		J. Huang		J. Huang		T. Lin		Total
Date entered	September 16, 2022		October 25, 2022		November 4, 2022		November 9, 2022		December 6, 2022		December 21, 2022		December 31, 2022
Term	9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months
Principal amount	$450,000		$50,000		$250,000		$350,000		$200,000		$100,000		$50,000		$1,450,000
Maturity date	June 16, 2023		July 25, 2023		August 4, 2023		August 9, 2023		September 6, 2023		September 21, 2023		September 30, 2023
Interest rate	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%
Default interest rate	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%
Outstanding Amount	$460,455		$50,734		$253,123		$353,989		$201,096		$100,219		$50,011		$1,469,627

Streeterville Notes

2022 Streeterville Note

The total liability for the 2022 Streeterville Note, net of discount and financing fees, was $1.3 million and $2.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

In the event our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, the amount outstanding under the 2022 Streeterville Note will automatically increase by 15% as of the date of such delisting.

2021 Streeterville Note

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	INCOME TAXES As a result of the operating loss incurred during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and after the application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had a full valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance was recorded due to uncertainties related to our ability to realize the deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating loss carry-forwards. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction and the periods over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable. At December 31, 2022, we had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $132.4 million for federal income tax purposes ($77.6 million for state and local income tax purposes). However, due to changes in our capital structure, approximately $71.0 million of the $132.4 million is available to offset future taxable income after the application of the limitations found under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”), net operating loss carry-forwards generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 can only offset 80% of taxable income and can be carried forward indefinitely. The $9.2 million and $9.6 million in federal net operating losses generated in 2022 and 2021, respectively, will be subject to the new limitations under the Tax Act. If not utilized, the carry-forwards generated prior to December 31, 2017 of $37.5 million will begin to expire in 2023 for federal purposes and have begun to expire for state and local purposes. For a full discussion of the estimated restrictions on our utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards, please refer to Note 11, “Income Taxes,” included under Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of our 2022 Annual Report.

Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

September 2023 Private Placement

Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the September 2023 Private Placement were approximately $1.75 million. The September 2023 Private Placement closed on September 29, 2023.

June 2023 Private Placement

Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the June 2023 Private Placement were approximately $1.3 million. The June 2023 Private Placement closed on June 29, 2023.

1-for-7 Reverse Stock Split

The current financial statements, as well as the prior-period financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.

March 2023 Private Placements

Aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the March 2023 Private Placements were $305 thousand. Each of the March 2023 Private Placements was priced at-the-market under the Nasdaq rules.

February 2023 Private Placement

Gross proceeds to the Company in respect of the February 2023 Private Placement were $400 thousand. The February 2023 Private Placement was priced at fair market value under the Nasdaq rules.

January 2023 Sander Electronics Private Placement

Aggregate gross proceeds from the Sander Private Placement were approximately $2.1 million. The Sander Private Placement was priced at-the-market under the Nasdaq rules.

January 2023 Transactions with Mei Yun (Gina) Huang

June 2022 Private Placement

and, as such, have considered the 196,978 shares underlying them to be outstanding effective June 7, 2022, for purposes of calculating net loss per share.

December 2021 Private Placement

Preferred Stock

and payable on our common stock on an as-converted basis, and (c) is convertible at the option of the holder into shares of our common stock on a 1-for-35 basis.

Warrants

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, no warrants were exercised.

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, we had the following outstanding warrants:


	As of September 30, 2023	As of September 30, 2022
	Number of Underlying Shares		Exercise Price	Expiration
June 2022 Warrants	384,615	384,615	$9.10	December 16, 2026
December 2021 Warrants	182,630	182,630	$24.64	June 7, 2027
January 2020 Investor Warrants	26,819	26,819	$23.59	January 13, 2025
January 2020 Placement Agent Warrants	5,954	5,954	$34.96	January 13, 2025
	600,018	600,018

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of sales	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	2
Product development	(7)		4		—		16
Selling, general, and administrative	(6)		13		35		97
Total stock-based compensation	$	(13)	$	17	$	36	$	115

Stock options


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Fair value of options issued	$	2.49		$	5.39
Exercise price	$	3.04		$	6.65
Expected life of options (in years)	6.1			6.1
Risk-free interest rate	3.5		%	3.0		%
Expected volatility	101.8		%	104.0		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%

A summary of option activity under all outstanding stock incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented as follows:


	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2022	47,103	$	13.78
Granted	11,427	3.04

Canceled/forfeited	(21,106)	16.80
Expired	(3,827)	17.06
Balance at September 30, 2023	33,597	$	7.85	8.8

Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2023	27,864	$	8.50	8.7

Exercisable at September 30, 2023	9,574	$	14.94	8.7
*Options have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Restricted stock units

A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all outstanding stock incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented as follows:


	Restricted Stock Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2022	1,657	$	11.13
Expired	(1,428)	4.90
Canceled/forfeited	(229)	49.99


Balance at September 30, 2023	—	$	—	—
*Restricted stock units have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Purchase Commitments As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately $1.5 million in outstanding purchase commitments for inventory, which is expected to ship in the fourth quarter of 2023. We have 89% of the outstanding purchase commitments with a related party.

Related Party Transactions	9 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Sep. 30, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS The Company has an agreement with Sander Electronics, Inc., a shareholder of the Company, which provides for purchases by the Company of TLED products and spare parts. Purchases from Sander Electronics, Inc for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $196 thousand and $272 thousand, respectively. Accounts payable to Sander Electronics, Inc. amounted to $272 thousand and $0 as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Please refer to Note 7 for further details on Promissory Notes from shareholders. Please refer to Note 9 for further details on Private Placements in 2023 and 2022

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

Going Concern and Nasdaq Continued Listing Requirements Compliance

•obtaining financing from traditional or non-traditional investment capital organizations or individuals;

•obtaining funding from the sale of our common stock or other equity or debt instruments; and

•obtaining debt financing with lending terms that more closely match our business model and capital needs.

There can be no assurance that we will obtain funding on acceptable terms, in a timely fashion, or at all. Obtaining additional funding contains risks, including:

•the current environment in the capital markets and volatile interest rates, combined with our capital constraints, may prevent us from being able to obtain adequate debt financing.

Nasdaq Capital Market Compliance

Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements


Level 1			Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2			Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Level 3			Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Certain risks and concentrations

Recently adopted accounting standard

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Breakdown of Product Net Sales

The following table provides a disaggregation of product net sales for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net sales:
Commercial	$	498	$	1,288	$	1,261	$	3,397
MMM products	841		476		2,063		1,908
Total net sales	$	1,339	$	1,764	$	3,324	$	5,305

Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss

Below is the breakout of the Company’s contract assets for such periods:



	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		January 01, 2022
Gross Accounts Receivable	$	920	$	471	$	1,254
Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	(76)		(26)		(14)
Net Accounts Receivable	$	844	$	445	$	1,240

Schedule of Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Income (Loss) Per Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted loss per share computations (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(944)	$	(2,662)	$	(3,444)	$	(7,969)

Denominator:
Basic and diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding *	3,514		1,313		2,868		1,087


* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Schedule of Warranty Activity

The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	146	$	315	$	183	$	295
Warranty accruals for current period sales	1		(23)		3		(17)
Adjustments to existing warranty reserves	—		(57)		(39)		(29)
In kind settlements made during the period	—		7		—		(7)
Accrued warranty reserve at end of period	$	147	$	242	$	147	$	242

Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	3,066	$	3,347
Finished goods	4,295		4,656
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories	(2,460)		(2,527)
Inventories, net	$	4,901	$	5,476

The following is a roll-forward of the reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	(2,400)	$	(2,792)	$	(2,527)	$	(3,050)
Accrual	(169)		(241)		(155)		(442)
Reduction due to sold inventory	109		21		222		278
Write-off for disposed inventory	—		353		—		555
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories	$	(2,460)	$	(2,659)	$	(2,460)	$	(2,659)

Property and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years)	$	1,061	$	1,061
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years)	190		190



Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)	141		141
Projects in progress	27		—



Property and equipment at cost	1,419		1,392
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,340)		(1,316)
Property and equipment, net	$	79	$	76

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Lease Cost and Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Components of the operating lease costs recognized in net loss were as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost (income)
Sub-lease income	$	—	$	(9)	$	—	$	(90)
Lease cost	122		83		354		298











Total lease cost, net	$	122	$	74	$	354	$	208

Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	967	$	1,180



Operating lease liabilities	$	1,073	$	1,227



Finance Leases
Property and equipment	13		13
Allowances for depreciation	(13)		(13)
Finance lease assets, net	$	—	$	—

Schedule of Future Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

Future minimum lease payments required under operating leases for each of the 12-month rolling periods below in effect at September 30, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
October 2023 to September 2024	$	378
October 2024 to September 2025	380
October 2025 to September 2026	388
October 2026 to September 2027	294


Total future undiscounted lease payments	1,440
Less imputed interest	367
Total lease obligations	$	1,073

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid, net, for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	97	$	86	$	286	$	326

Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1

Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Promissory Notes

The following summarizes the 2022 Promissory Notes at December 31, 2022:


At December 31, 2022
	G. Huang		J. Huang		J. Huang		G. Huang		J. Huang		J. Huang		T. Lin		Total
Date entered	September 16, 2022		October 25, 2022		November 4, 2022		November 9, 2022		December 6, 2022		December 21, 2022		December 31, 2022
Term	9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months		9 months
Principal amount	$450,000		$50,000		$250,000		$350,000		$200,000		$100,000		$50,000		$1,450,000
Maturity date	June 16, 2023		July 25, 2023		August 4, 2023		August 9, 2023		September 6, 2023		September 21, 2023		September 30, 2023
Interest rate	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%	8	%
Default interest rate	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%	10	%
Outstanding Amount	$460,455		$50,734		$253,123		$353,989		$201,096		$100,219		$50,011		$1,469,627

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or Rights

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, we had the following outstanding warrants:


	As of September 30, 2023	As of September 30, 2022
	Number of Underlying Shares		Exercise Price	Expiration
June 2022 Warrants	384,615	384,615	$9.10	December 16, 2026
December 2021 Warrants	182,630	182,630	$24.64	June 7, 2027
January 2020 Investor Warrants	26,819	26,819	$23.59	January 13, 2025
January 2020 Placement Agent Warrants	5,954	5,954	$34.96	January 13, 2025
	600,018	600,018

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of sales	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	2
Product development	(7)		4		—		16
Selling, general, and administrative	(6)		13		35		97
Total stock-based compensation	$	(13)	$	17	$	36	$	115

Schedule of Valuation Assumptions

Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further detailed below:


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Fair value of options issued	$	2.49		$	5.39
Exercise price	$	3.04		$	6.65
Expected life of options (in years)	6.1			6.1
Risk-free interest rate	3.5		%	3.0		%
Expected volatility	101.8		%	104.0		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%

Schedule of Option Activity

A summary of option activity under all outstanding stock incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented as follows:


	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2022	47,103	$	13.78
Granted	11,427	3.04

Canceled/forfeited	(21,106)	16.80
Expired	(3,827)	17.06
Balance at September 30, 2023	33,597	$	7.85	8.8

Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2023	27,864	$	8.50	8.7

Exercisable at September 30, 2023	9,574	$	14.94	8.7
*Options have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Schedule of Restricted Stock Activity

A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all outstanding stock incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented as follows:


	Restricted Stock Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2022	1,657	$	11.13
Expired	(1,428)	4.90
Canceled/forfeited	(229)	49.99


Balance at September 30, 2023	—	$	—	—
*Restricted stock units have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Basis of presentation (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 16, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 16, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 23, 2022 d $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Net Income (Loss)			$ (944)	$ (1,167)	$ (1,333)	$ (2,662)	$ (2,486)	$ (2,821)	$ (3,444)	$ (7,969)	$ (10,300)
Cash used in operating activities			$ (1,035)			(891)			$ (2,370)	(6,241)	(6,700)
Common stock, minimum bid price (USD per share) \| $ / shares			$ 1.00						$ 1.00
Common stock, closing bid price (USD per share) \| $ / shares													$ 1.00
Number of consecutive days for bid \| d													30
Stockholders' equity			$ 3,892	$ 3,099	$ 2,955	$ 1,526	$ 4,171	$ 3,432	$ 3,892	$ 1,526	$ (477)	$ 2,500		$ 6,209
Reverse stock split ratio	0.142857	0.142857

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total net sales	$ 1,339	$ 1,764	$ 3,324	$ 5,305
Commercial
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total net sales	498	1,288	1,261	3,397
MMM products
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total net sales	$ 841	$ 476	$ 2,063	$ 1,908

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Accounts Receivable and Geographic information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Payment terms					30 days
Accumulated deficit	$ (152,466)				$ (152,466)			$ (149,020)
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	$ 0			$ 1	$ 50	$ (3)
United States \| Revenue \| Geographic Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)	99.00%			99.00%	99.00%	99.00%
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit							$ 2
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	$ (14)	$ 3	$ 12

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Net Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 01, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Gross Accounts Receivable	$ 920	$ 471	$ 1,254
Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	(76)	(26)	(14)
Net Accounts Receivable	$ 844	$ 445	$ 1,240

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Loss per Share (Details)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Jun. 16, 2023

Jun. 15, 2023

Sep. 30, 2023

USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2023

USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2023

USD ($)

Sep. 30, 2022

USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2022

USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2022

USD ($)

Sep. 30, 2023

USD ($)

Sep. 30, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

Numerator:

Net loss | $

$ (944)

$ (1,167)

$ (1,333)

$ (2,662)

$ (2,486)

$ (2,821)

$ (3,444)

$ (7,969)

$ (10,300)

Denominator:

Basic (in shares)

^[1]

3,514

1,313

2,868

1,087

Diluted (in shares)

^[1]

3,514

1,313

2,868

1,087

Reverse stock split ratio

0.142857

[1]	* Shares outstanding for prior periods have been restated for the 1-for-7 reverse stock split effective June 16, 2023.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Net Loss per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Convertible securities
Impairment Effects on Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Securities excluded from net loss per share calculation (in shares)	25	25	25	25
Warrants
Impairment Effects on Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Securities excluded from net loss per share calculation (in shares)		31		29

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Product Warranties (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Commercial \| Minimum
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Standard product warranty, number of years	5 years
Commercial \| Maximum
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Standard product warranty, number of years	10 years
MMM LED Products \| Minimum
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Standard product warranty, number of years	5 years
MMM LED Products \| Maximum
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Standard product warranty, number of years	10 years

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Warranty Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Movement in Standard and Extended Product Warranty, Increase (Decrease) [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 146	$ 315	$ 183	$ 295
Warranty accruals for current period sales	1	(23)	3	(17)
Adjustments to existing warranty reserves	0	(57)	(39)	(29)
In kind settlements made during the period	0	7	0	(7)
Accrued warranty reserve at end of period	$ 147	$ 242	$ 147	$ 242

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Certain Risks and Concentrations (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Total Expenditures \| Supplier Concentration Risk \| Offshore Supplier One
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)	13.00%	17.00%		18.00%
Total Expenditures \| Supplier Concentration Risk \| Offshore Supplier Two
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)			7.00%
Accounts Payable \| Supplier Concentration Risk \| Offshore Supplier One
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)			48.00%		36.00%
Accounts Payable \| Supplier Concentration Risk \| Offshore Supplier Two
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)			22.00%
Distributor To The U.S. Navy \| Revenue \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)	16.00%		15.00%	13.00%
Distributor To The U.S Navy Accounted \| Revenue \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)	26.00%
Distributor To The U.S. Navy Combined With Sales To Shipbuilders \| Revenue \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)	42.00%		29.00%	17.00%
Regional Commercial Lighting Retrofit Company \| Revenue \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)		32.00%		10.00%
Distributor To The U.S. Department Of Defense Accounted \| Revenue \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)			14.00%
Distributor To The U.S. Department Of Defense Accounted \| Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)					25.00%
Shipbuilder For U.S. Navy \| Revenue \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)			10.00%	15.00%
Shipbuilder For U.S. Navy \| Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)					30.00%
Distributor To The Department Of Defense And U.S. Navy Shipbuilder Accounted \| Revenue \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)			10.00%
Distributor To The U.S. Department Of Defense \| Revenue \| Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for geographic concentration risk)			21.00%

Inventories - Inventories, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 3,066	$ 3,347
Finished goods	4,295	4,656
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories	(2,460)	(2,527)
Inventories, net	$ 4,901	$ 5,476

Inventories - Reserve Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Inventory, Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ (2,400)	$ (2,792)	$ (2,527)	$ (3,050)
Accrual	(169)	(241)	(155)	(442)
Reduction due to sold inventory	109	21	222	278
Write-off for disposed inventory	0	353	0	555
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow-moving inventories	$ (2,460)	$ (2,659)	$ (2,460)	$ (2,659)

Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
ERTC refund	$ 431
ERTC expected receivable		$ 445

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 1,419	$ 1,392
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,340)	(1,316)
Property and equipment, net	79	76
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,061	1,061
Equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)	3 years
Equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)	15 years
Tooling
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 190	190
Tooling \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)	2 years
Tooling \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)	5 years
Leasehold Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 141	141
Projects in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 27	$ 0

Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation	$ 8	$ 42	$ 24	$ 129

Leases - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease, discount rate	7.25%
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	4 years
Real Estate
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease, borrowing rate	16.96%

Leases - Components of Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Sub-lease income	$ 0	$ (9)	$ 0	$ (90)
Lease cost	122	83	354	298
Operating lease cost, net	$ 122	$ 74	$ 354	$ 208

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 967	$ 1,180
Operating lease liabilities	1,073	1,227
Finance Leases
Property and equipment	13	13
Allowances for depreciation	(13)	(13)
Finance lease assets, net	$ 0	$ 0

Leases - Schedule of Future Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Leases
October 2023 to September 2024	$ 378
October 2024 to September 2025	380
October 2025 to September 2026	388
October 2026 to September 2027	294
Total future undiscounted lease payments	1,440
Less imputed interest	367
Total lease obligations	$ 1,073	$ 1,227

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 97	$ 86	$ 286	$ 326
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1

Debt - Credit Facilities (Details)				1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Debt - Credit Facilities (Details)	Sep. 24, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 15, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 20, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 15, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 18, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 17, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 20, 2021 USD ($)	Aug. 11, 2020 USD ($) creditFacility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Number of debt financing facilities \| creditFacility													2
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories					$ 62,000	$ 220,000	$ (68,000)	$ 164,000
Credit line borrowings, net of loan origination fees					$ 0		$ 0				$ 1,447,000
Inventory Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories	$ 40,000
Second Amendment To Inventory Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity on line of credit									$ 500,000	$ 3,500,000
Repayments of long-term debt		$ 250,000	$ 750,000
Remaining outstanding obligations amount				$ 40,000
Second Amendment To Inventory Facility \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate									5.50%
Second Amendment To Inventory Facility \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate									6.00%
Revolving Credit Facility \| Inventory Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity on line of credit												$ 3,500,000	$ 3,000,000
Inventory costs													75.00%
Inventory, net orderly liquidation value													85.00%
Credit line borrowings, net of loan origination fees											1,400,000
Amortized net issuance costs											47,000
Revolving Credit Facility \| Receivables Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity on line of credit													$ 2,500,000
Percent of accounts receivable used as borrowing capacity													90.00%
Credit line borrowings, net of loan origination fees											100,000
Amortized net issuance costs											$ 15,000

Debt - Promissory Note Narrative (Details) - 2022 Promissory Note $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 1,450
Director
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 1,500

Debt - Promissory Notes (Details) - 2022 Promissory Note	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 1,450,000
Outstanding Amount	$ 1,469,627
September 16, 2022 \| G. Huang
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term	9 months
Principal amount	$ 450,000
Interest rate	8.00%
Default interest rate	10.00%
Outstanding Amount	$ 460,455
October 25, 2022 \| J. Huang
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term	9 months
Principal amount	$ 50,000
Interest rate	8.00%
Default interest rate	10.00%
Outstanding Amount	$ 50,734
November 4, 2022 \| J. Huang
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term	9 months
Principal amount	$ 250,000
Interest rate	8.00%
Default interest rate	10.00%
Outstanding Amount	$ 253,123
November 9, 2022 \| G. Huang
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term	9 months
Principal amount	$ 350,000
Interest rate	8.00%
Default interest rate	10.00%
Outstanding Amount	$ 353,989
December 6, 2022 \| J. Huang
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term	9 months
Principal amount	$ 200,000
Interest rate	8.00%
Default interest rate	10.00%
Outstanding Amount	$ 201,096
December 21, 2022 \| J. Huang
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term	9 months
Principal amount	$ 100,000
Interest rate	8.00%
Default interest rate	10.00%
Outstanding Amount	$ 100,219
December 31, 2022 \| T. Lin
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term	9 months
Principal amount	$ 50,000
Interest rate	8.00%
Default interest rate	10.00%
Outstanding Amount	$ 50,011

Debt - Streeterville Notes (Details) $ in Thousands				12 Months Ended
Debt - Streeterville Notes (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Apr. 21, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 27, 2021 USD ($) deferral	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 01, 2024 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 14, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 12, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 20, 2023 USD ($)
2022 Streeterville Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount		$ 2,000						$ 250		$ 500
Issue discount		215
Purchase price		1,800
Unamortized debt issuance costs		$ 15
Interest rate		8.00%
Debt instrument, tranche amount	$ 125								$ 125
Percentage increase if delisted from Nasdaq		15.00%
2022 Streeterville Note \| Scenario, Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount						$ 117
March 2023 Partitioned Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	250							$ 250
Debt instrument, tranche amount	$ 125
Conversion of notes to stock (in shares) \| shares	71,715
March 2023 Partitioned Note \| Scenario, Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, tranche amount					$ 125
Streeterville Note Purchase Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total liability, net of discount and financing fees				$ 2,000			$ 1,300
2021 Streeterville Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount			$ 1,700
Issue discount			194	305
Purchase price			1,500
Unamortized debt issuance costs			$ 15
Interest rate			8.00%
Maximum redemption amount			$ 205
Right to defer mandatory redemption, number of deferrals \| deferral			3
Percentage increase due to deferral of redemption option			1.50%
Write off of remaining issuance costs				$ 100

Income Taxes - (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carry-forwards		$ 9.2	$ 9.6
Operating loss, subject to expiration	$ 37.5
U.S. Federal, State and Local Tax Authorities
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets, operating loss carry-forwards		132.4
Deferred tax assets, operating loss carryforwards, portion available after application of IRC Section 382 limitations		71.0
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets, operating loss carry-forwards		$ 77.6

Stockholders' Equity - September 2023 private placement (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Sep. 29, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (USD per share)		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Sale of common stock (USD per share)			$ 0.0001
September 2023 Private Placement
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (in shares)	853,658
Common stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001
Sale of common stock (USD per share)	$ 2.05
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement	$ 1,750

Stockholders' Equity - June 2023 private placement (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Jun. 29, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (USD per share)		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Sale of common stock (USD per share)			$ 0.0001
June 2023 Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (in shares)	746,875
Common stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001
Sale of common stock (USD per share)	$ 1.76
Aggregate gross proceeds amount	$ 1.3

Stockholders' Equity - 1-for-7 Reverse Stock Split (Details)	Jun. 16, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023 $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 shares	Dec. 31, 2022 shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Reverse stock split ratio	0.142857	0.142857
Sale of common stock (USD per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares) \| shares		50,000,000	50,000,000	50,000,000
Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Reverse stock split ratio		0.5
Maximum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Reverse stock split ratio		0.1

Stockholders' Equity - March 2023 Private Placements (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Mar. 30, 2023	Mar. 28, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (USD per share)			$ 0.0001
March 2023 Private Placement
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (in shares)	71,428	15,500
Sale of common stock (USD per share)	$ 3.50	$ 3.55
Aggregate gross proceeds amount	$ 305

Stockholders' Equity - February 2023 Private Placement (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Feb. 24, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (USD per share)		$ 0.0001
February 2023 Private Placement
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (in shares)	114,744
Sale of common stock (USD per share)	$ 3.49
Aggregate gross proceeds amount	$ 400

Stockholders' Equity - January 2023 Sander Electronics Private Placement (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Jan. 17, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (USD per share)		$ 0.0001
January 2023 Sander Electronics Private Placement
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (in shares)	778,017
Sale of common stock (USD per share)	$ 3.51
Short-term debt	$ 657
Aggregate gross proceeds amount	$ 2,100

Stockholders' Equity - January 2023 Transactions with Mei Yun (Gina) Huang (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				9 Months Ended
	Jan. 17, 2023	Jan. 10, 2023	Jan. 05, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (USD per share)					$ 0.0001
January 2023 Transactions with Mei Yun (Gina) Huang
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (in shares)	207,371	46,543	36,828
Sale of common stock (USD per share)	$ 3.94	$ 3.22	$ 2.72
Aggregate gross proceeds amount	$ 817			$ 250

Stockholders' Equity - June 2022 Private Placement (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 15, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (USD per share)							$ 0.0001
Offering costs paid on the issuance of common stock and warrants		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 334
June 2022 Private Placement
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (in shares)	187,637
Sale of common stock (USD per share)	$ 9.10
Securities called by warrants (in shares)		384,615		384,615
Exercise price of common stock (USD per share)		$ 9.10		$ 9.10
Amount paid for placement agent commissions	$ 252
Amount paid related to expenses for registered direct offering and concurrent private placement	35
Amount paid for clearing fees	$ 47
Offering costs paid on the issuance of common stock and warrants						$ 334
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants						$ 3,200
Estimated proceeds from issuance of warrants		$ 3,500
June 2022 Private Placement \| Pre-Funded Warrants
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Securities called by warrants (in shares)	196,978
Exercise price of common stock (USD per share)	$ 0.0007
June 2022 Private Placement \| Warrants
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Securities called by warrants (in shares)	384,615
Exercise price of common stock (USD per share)	$ 9.10

Stockholders' Equity - December 2021 Private Placement (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (USD per share)			$ 0.0001
December 2021 Private Placement
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Sale of common stock (in shares)	170,455
Sale of common stock (USD per share)	$ 24.64
Securities called by warrants (in shares)	182,630	182,630
Exercise price of common stock (USD per share)		$ 24.64
Amount paid for placement agent commissions	$ 360
Amount paid related to expenses for registered direct offering and concurrent private placement	42
Amount paid for clearing fees	97
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants	$ 4,000
Estimated proceeds from issuance of warrants		$ 4,500
December 2021 Private Placement \| Pre-Funded Warrants
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Securities called by warrants (in shares)	12,175
Exercise price of common stock (USD per share)	$ 0.0007
December 2021 Private Placement \| Warrants
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise price of common stock (USD per share)	$ 24.64

Stockholders' Equity - Preferred Stock (Details)	Jun. 16, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023	Jan. 16, 2020 $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares	Jan. 15, 2020 shares	Mar. 29, 2019 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)				5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000
Common stock, par value (USD per share) \| $ / shares				$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Votes equal to the number of shares of common stock convertible			1.582%
Reverse stock split ratio	0.142857	0.142857
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)				876,447	876,447
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)				876,447	876,447
Common stock issued upon preferred stock conversion (in shares)				25,000	25,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)				3,300,000	3,300,000	3,300,000
Convertible Debt
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)							2,000,000
Common stock, par value (USD per share) \| $ / shares							$ 0.0001
Conversion rate (USD per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0.67
Convertible Debt \| Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Reverse stock split ratio			0.02857

Stockholders' Equity - Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity - Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 15, 2023	Jan. 31, 2020
Equity [Abstract]
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants issued (in shares)			600,018	600,018
Sale of common stock (USD per share)					$ 0.0001
June 2022 Warrants
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants issued (in shares)			384,615	384,615
Sale of common stock (USD per share)						$ 9.10
December 2021 Warrants
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants issued (in shares)			182,630	182,630
Sale of common stock (USD per share)						24.64
January 2020 Investor Warrants
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants issued (in shares)			26,819	26,819
Sale of common stock (USD per share)						23.59
January 2020 Placement Agent Warrants
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants issued (in shares)			5,954	5,954
Sale of common stock (USD per share)						$ 34.96

Stockholders' Equity - Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ (13)	$ 17	$ 36	$ 115
Unearned stock-based compensation	100	200	$ 100	200
Unearned compensation expected to be recognized, period			2 years 10 months 24 days
Cost of sales
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	0	0	$ 1	2
Product development
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	(7)	4	0	16
Selling, general, and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ (6)	$ 13	$ 35	$ 97

Stockholders' Equity - Estimates Utilized (Details) - Stock Option - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of options issued (in dollars per share)	$ 2.49	$ 5.39
Exercise price (USD per share)	$ 3.04	$ 6.65
Expected life of options (in years)	6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Risk-free interest rate	3.50%	3.00%
Expected volatility	101.80%	104.00%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

Stockholders' Equity - Stock Options and a Summary of Activity (Details)			9 Months Ended
	Jun. 16, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Number of Options
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) \| shares			47,103
Granted (in shares) \| shares			11,427
Canceled/forfeited (in shares) \| shares			(21,106)
Expired (in shares) \| shares			(3,827)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) \| shares			33,597
Vested and expected to vest at period end (in shares) \| shares			27,864
Exercisable at period end (in shares) \| shares			9,574
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period (USD per share) \| $ / shares			$ 13.78
Granted (USD per share) \| $ / shares			3.04
Canceled/forfeited (USD per share) \| $ / shares			16.80
Expired (USD per share) \| $ / shares			17.06
Outstanding at end of period (USD per share) \| $ / shares			7.85
Vested and expected to vest at period end (USD per share) \| $ / shares			8.50
Exercisable at period end (USD per share) \| $ / shares			$ 14.94
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding at end of period			8 years 9 months 18 days
Vested and expected to vest at period end			8 years 8 months 12 days
Exercisable at period end			8 years 8 months 12 days
Reverse stock split ratio	0.142857	0.142857

Stockholders' Equity - Restricted Stock Units (Details)			9 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity - Restricted Stock Units (Details)	Jun. 16, 2023	Jun. 15, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Reverse stock split ratio	0.142857	0.142857
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted Stock Units
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) \| shares			1,657
Expired (in shares) \| shares			(1,428)
Canceled/forfeited (in shares) \| shares			(229)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) \| shares			0
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period (USD per share) \| $ / shares			$ 11.13
Expired (USD per share) \| $ / shares			4.90
Canceled/forfeited (USD per share) \| $ / shares			49.99
Outstanding at end of period (USD per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Reverse stock split ratio	0.142857

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Outstanding purchase commitments	$ 1.5
Outstanding purchase commitments percentage	89.00%

Related Party Transactions (Details) - Sander Electronics, Inc - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Purchases from related party	$ 196	$ 272
Accounts payable to related party	$ 272	$ 272	$ 0