Form 8-K - Current report

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 15, 2024

Renalytix plc

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)

    England and Wales

    001-39387

    Not Applicable

    (State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)

    (Commission
File Number)

    (IRS Employer
Identification No.)

   

    2 Leman Street
London E1W 9US
United Kingdom

   

    (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

   

+44 20 3139 2910
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary shares, nominal value £0.0025 per ordinary share	n/a	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC*
American Depositary Shares, each representing two ordinary shares, nominal value £0.0025 per ordinary share	RNLX	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

* Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing of the American Depositary Shares on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement

On May 15, 2024, Renalytix plc (the “Company”) entered into an at the market offering agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time, at its option, the Company’s American Depositary Shares (the “ADSs”), each representing two ordinary shares (nominal value £0.0025 per share) of the Company, through or to the Agent, as sales agent and/or principal. The issuance and sale, if any, of the Company’s ADSs under the Sales Agreement will be pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-274733), which became effective on October 6, 2023 and the related prospectus supplement dated May 15, 2024 (the “Prospectus Supplement”), in each case filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, under the Prospectus Supplement, the Company may issue and sell its ADSs having an aggregate offering price of up to $15 million from time to time through or to the Agent.

The sale, if any, of ADSs under the Sales Agreement will be made by any method permitted that is deemed to be an “at-the-market” equity offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including sales made directly on The Nasdaq Global Market or any other trading market for the Company’s ADSs. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell the Company’s ADSs from time to time, based upon the terms and subject to the conditions stated in the Sales Agreement.

The compensation payable to the Agent as sales agent shall be a placement fee of 3% of the gross sales price of the ADSs sold through it pursuant to the Sales Agreement. In addition, the Company will reimburse the Agent for certain expenses incurred in connection with the Sales Agreement, and the Company has agreed in the Sales Agreement to provide indemnification and contribution to the Agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

The Company is not obligated to make any sales of ADSs under the Sales Agreement. The offering of ADSs pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon (a) prior written notice by the Company in its sole discretion at any time to the Agent, (b) prior written notice by the Agent in its sole discretion at any time to the Company or (c) otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreement.

The Sales Agreement is attached to this Current Report on Form 8-K as Exhibit 1.1 and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the material terms of the Sales Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the exhibit attached hereto.

The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Sales Agreement were made solely for the benefit of the parties to the Sales Agreement, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties. Accordingly, the Sales Agreement is incorporated herein by reference only to provide investors with information regarding the terms of the Sales Agreement and not to provide investors with any other factual information regarding the Company or its business, and should be read in conjunction with the disclosures in the Company’s periodic reports and other filings with the SEC.

The legal opinion of Cooley (UK) LLP relating to the ADSs being offered pursuant to the Sales Agreement is filed as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.

This Current Report on Form 8-K shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the ADSs discussed herein, nor shall there be any offer, solicitation, or sale of the ADSs in any state or other jurisdiction in

which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits

(d) Exhibits


Exhibit	Exhibit Description
1.1	At The Market Offering Agreement, by and between Renalytix plc and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, dated May 15, 2024
5.1	Opinion of Cooley (UK) LLP
23.1	Consent of Cooley (UK) LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1)
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.


		renalytix plc

Dated: May 15, 2024	By:	/s/ James McCullough
		James McCullough Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 1.1

AT THE MARKET OFFERING AGREEMENT

May 15, 2024

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

430 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10022

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Renalytix plc, a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales (the “Company”), confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Manager”) as follows:

Definitions. The terms that follow, when used in this Agreement and any Terms Agreement, shall have the meanings indicated.

“Accountants” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4(m).

“Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

“Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(p).

“ADS(s)” means American Depositary Shares of the Company issued pursuant to the Deposit Agreement (as defined below), each representing two (2) Ordinary Shares.

“Affiliate” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(o).

“Applicable Time” shall mean, with respect to any ADSs, the time of sale of such ADSs pursuant to this Agreement or any relevant Terms Agreement.

“AIM” means AIM, a market operated by the London Stock Exchange.

“Base Prospectus” shall mean the base prospectus contained in the Registration Statement at the Execution Time.

“Board” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(iii).

“Broker Fee” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(v).

“Business Day” shall mean any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which Nasdaq, the London Stock Exchange and commercial banks in The City of New York and the United Kingdom are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, that, for purposes of clarity, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York and the United Kingdom generally are open for use by customers on such day.

“Bond Agreement” shall mean the bond agreement in respect of the Bonds dated March 31, 2022 as amended and restated on April 5, 2022 between the Company and the Initial Bondholder (as defined in the Bond Agreement) and as may be further amended from time to time.

“Bonds” shall mean the US$21,200,000 Amortising Senior Convertible Bonds due 2027 issued by the Company pursuant to the Bond Agreement.

“Commission” shall mean the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Companies Act” shall mean the U.K. Companies Act 2006, as amended from time to time.

“Company Counsel” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4(l).

“Deposit Agreement” means the Deposit Agreement, dated as of July 21, 2020, among the Company, Citibank, N.A., as Depositary, and the owners and holders of ADSs from time to time, as such agreement may be amended or supplemented.

“Depositary” means Citibank, N.A., as Depositary under the Deposit Agreement, with an address of 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013, and any successor as depositary under the Deposit Agreement.

“DTC” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(vii).

“Effective Date” shall mean each date and time that the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment or amendments thereto became or becomes effective.

“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

“Execution Time” shall mean the date and time that this Agreement is executed and delivered by the parties hereto.

“Free Writing Prospectus” shall mean a free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 405.

“Further Board Approval” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(iii).

“Further Shareholder Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(c).

“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(m).

“Incorporated Documents” shall mean the documents or portions thereof filed with the Commission on or prior to the Effective Date that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and any documents or portions thereof filed with the Commission after the Effective Date that are deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.

“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(v).

“Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” shall mean an issuer free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 433.

“London Stock Exchange” shall mean London Stock Exchange plc.

“Losses” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 7(d).

“Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(b).

“Material Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(t).

“Nasdaq” shall mean the Nasdaq Global Market or the Nasdaq Capital Market, as applicable on date of determination.

“Net Proceeds” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(v).

“Ordinary Shares” means the ordinary shares of the Company, each with a nominal value of £0.0025 per share, and any other class of securities which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Ordinary Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Ordinary Shares or ADSs, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred shares, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Ordinary Shares or ADSs.

“Permitted Free Writing Prospectus” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4(g).

“Placement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(c).

“Proceeding” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(b).

“Prospectus” shall mean the Base Prospectus, as supplemented by Prospectus Supplement to the Registration Statement and any subsequently filed Prospectus Supplement.

“Prospectus Supplement” shall mean each prospectus supplement relating to the Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs prepared and filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) from time to time.

“Registration Statement” shall mean the shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-274733), including the Prospectus and any exhibits and financial statements and any prospectus supplement relating to the Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs that is filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) and deemed part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B, as amended on each Effective Date and, in the event any post-effective amendment thereto becomes effective, shall also mean such registration statement as so amended.

“Representation Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4(k).

“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(e).

“Rule 158”, “Rule 164”, “Rule 172”, “Rule 173”, “Rule 405”, “Rule 415”, “Rule 424”, “Rule 430B” and “Rule 433” refer to such rules under the Act.

“Sales Notice” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(i).

“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(m).

“Settlement Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(b)(vii).

“Subsidiary” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3(a).

“Terms Agreement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(a).

“Time of Delivery” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2(c).

“Trading Day” means a day on which Nasdaq is open for trading.

References in this Agreement to (1) the Company issuing and selling ADSs through the Manager, and similar or analogous expressions, shall be understood to include references to the Company allotting and issuing the Ordinary Shares to the Depositary or its nominee and procuring the issue of ADSs representing such Ordinary Shares by the Depositary or its nominee to the Manager (acting as sales agent and/or principal); and (2) the purchase of, or payment for, any ADSs, and similar or analogous expressions, shall be understood to refer to the subscription for the Ordinary Shares to be represented by the ADSs being sold, as well as the acquisition of the ADSs representing such Ordinary Shares deposited therefor, and the payment of the subscription monies in respect of such Ordinary Shares.

Sale and Delivery of ADSs. The Company proposes to issue and sell through or to the Manager, as sales agent and/or principal, from time to time during the term of this Agreement and on the terms set forth herein, up to such number of Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs that does not exceed the lesser of (a) the number or dollar amount of ADSs representing the amount of Ordinary Shares registered on the Prospectus Supplement, pursuant to which the offering is being made, (b) the maximum number of Ordinary Shares that the Board, or a duly authorized committee thereof, is authorized by the Company’s shareholders to allot on a non-pre-emptive basis from time to time in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act and (c) the number or dollar amount of ADSs representing the maximum number of Ordinary Shares that would cause the Company or the offering of the ADSs to not satisfy the eligibility and transaction requirements for use of Form S-3, including, if applicable, General Instruction I.B.6 of Registration Statement on Form S-3 (such number of Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs that can be issued and sold under this Agreement under (a), (b) and (c), the “Maximum Amount”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 2 on the number and aggregate sales price of ADSs issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that the Manager shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance.

(a)

Appointment of Manager as Selling Agent; Terms Agreement. For purposes of selling the ADSs through the Manager, the Company hereby appoints

the Manager as exclusive agent of the Company for the purpose of selling the ADSs pursuant to this Agreement and the Manager agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell the ADSs on the terms and subject to the conditions stated herein. The Company agrees that, whenever it determines to sell the ADSs directly to the Manager as principal, it will enter into a separate agreement (each, a “Terms Agreement”) in substantially the form of Annex I hereto, relating to such sale in accordance with Section 2 of this Agreement.

(b)

Agent Sales. Subject to the terms and conditions and in reliance upon the representations and warranties herein set forth, the Company will issue and agrees to sell ADSs from time to time through the Manager, acting as sales agent, and the Manager agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell, as sales agent for the Company, on the following terms:

(i)

The ADSs are to be sold on a daily basis or otherwise as shall be agreed to by the Company and the Manager on any day that (A) is a Trading Day, (B) the Company has instructed the Manager by telephone (confirmed promptly by electronic mail) to make such sales (“Sales Notice”) and (C) the Company has satisfied its obligations under Section 6 of this Agreement. The Company will designate the maximum amount of the ADSs to be sold by the Manager daily (subject to the limitations set forth in Section 2(d)) and the minimum price per ADS at which such ADSs may be sold. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Manager shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell on a particular day all of the ADSs designated for the sale by the Company on such day. The gross sales price of the ADSs sold under this Section 2(b) shall be the market price for the ADSs sold by the Manager under this Section 2(b) on Nasdaq at the time of sale of such ADSs.

(ii)

The Company acknowledges and agrees that (A) there can be no assurance that the Manager will be successful in selling the ADSs, (B) the Manager will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell the ADSs for any reason other than a failure by the Manager to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such ADSs as required under this Agreement, and (C) the Manager shall be under no obligation to purchase ADSs on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise specifically agreed by the Manager and the Company pursuant to a Terms Agreement.

(iii)

The Company shall not authorize the issuance and sale of, and the Manager shall not be obligated to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell, any ADS at a price that is lower than the minimum price therefor designated from time to time by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), or a duly authorized committee thereof, or such duly authorized officers of the Company (the resolutions passed by the Board, a

duly authorized committee thereof, or such duly authorized officers of the Company approving such minimum price and confirming the number of ADSs to be sold, each being a “Further Board Approval”), and notified to the Manager in writing. The Company or the Manager may, upon notice to the other party hereto by telephone (confirmed promptly by electronic mail), suspend the offering of the ADSs for any reason and at any time; provided, however, that such suspension or termination shall not affect or impair the parties’ respective obligations with respect to the ADSs sold hereunder prior to the giving of such notice.

(iv)

The Manager may sell ADSs by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Act, including without limitation sales made directly on Nasdaq, on any other existing trading market for the ADSs or to or through a market maker. The Manager may also sell ADSs in privately negotiated transactions, provided that the Manager receives the Company’s prior written approval for any sales in privately negotiated transactions and if so provided in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus Supplement or a supplement to the Prospectus Supplement or a new Prospectus Supplement disclosing the terms of such privately negotiated transaction.

(v)

The compensation to the Manager for sales of the ADSs under this Section 2(b) shall be a placement fee of 3.0% of the gross sales price of the ADSs sold pursuant to this Section 2(b) (“Broker Fee”). The foregoing rate of compensation shall not apply when the Manager acts as principal, in which case the Company may sell ADSs to the Manager as principal at a price agreed upon at the relevant Applicable Time pursuant to a Terms Agreement. The remaining proceeds, after deduction of the Broker Fee and deduction of any transaction fees imposed by any clearing firm, execution broker, or governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales, shall constitute the net proceeds to the Company for such ADSs (the “Net Proceeds”).

(vi)

The Manager shall provide written confirmation (which may be by facsimile or electronic mail) to the Company following the close of trading on Nasdaq each day in which the ADSs are sold under this Section 2(b) setting forth the number of the ADSs sold on such day, the aggregate gross sales proceeds and the Net Proceeds to the Company, and the compensation payable by the Company to the Manager with respect to such sales. Upon the Company’s written request, the Manager shall provide the Company with a statement detailing the aggregate number of ADSs sold pursuant to this Section 2(b), the aggregate gross sales proceeds and the Net Proceeds to the Company for the prior calendar month during which any sale of ADSs has been made pursuant to this Section 2(b).

(vii)

Unless otherwise agreed between the Company and the Manager, settlement for sales of the ADSs will occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day (and on and after May 28, 2024 (or such later date on which the Commission’s final rule with respect to the shortening of the securities transaction settlement cycle becomes effective), on the first (1st) Trading Day, or any such other settlement cycle as may be in effect pursuant to Rule 15c6-1 under the Exchange Act from time to time) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a “Settlement Date”). On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, allot and issue to the Depositary’s custodian (or its nominee) the number of Ordinary Shares to be represented by the ADSs being sold and instruct the Depositary to deliver that number of ADSs by crediting the Manager’s or its designee’s account (provided that the Manager shall have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which ADSs in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered ADSs in good deliverable form. The Manager undertakes that it will deliver, on each Settlement Date, the related Net Proceeds in cash in same day funds to an account designated by the Company. The Company agrees that, if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver duly authorized ADSs on a Settlement Date, in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section 7 hereto, the Company will (i) if Company’s default in its obligation to deliver ADSs is through no fault of the Manager, hold the Manager harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or reasonable, documented expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company, and (ii) pay to the Manager (without duplication) an amount equal to any commission, discount or other compensation to which the Manager would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.

(viii)

At each Applicable Time, Settlement Date, and Representation Date, the Company shall be deemed to have affirmed each representation and warranty contained in this Agreement as if such representation and warranty were made as of such date (except to the extent that any such representation or warranty is made as of a specified date, in which case such representation or warranty shall have been true and correct as of such date), modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended as of such date. Any obligation of the Manager to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell the ADSs on behalf of the Company shall be subject to the continuing accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company herein, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to the continuing

satisfaction of the additional conditions specified in Section 6 of this Agreement.

(ix)

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, during any period in which the Company is in possession of material non-public information, the Company and the Manager agree that (i) no sales of ADSs will take place, (ii) the Company shall not request the sale of any ADSs, and (iii) the Manager shall not be obligated to sell or offer to sell any ADSs.

(x)

If the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of ADSs, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution” and the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive the Distribution, the “Record Date”), the Company covenants and agrees that the Company shall not deliver a Sales Notice hereunder on any Trading Day during the two (2) Trading Days prior to such Record Date or on such Record Date.

(c)

Term Sales. If the Company wishes to sell the ADSs pursuant to this Agreement in a manner other than as set forth in Section 2(b) of this Agreement (each, a “Placement”), the Company will notify the Manager of the proposed terms of such Placement. If the Manager, acting as principal, wishes to accept such proposed terms (which it may decline to do for any reason in its sole discretion) or, following discussions with the Company wishes to accept amended terms, the Manager and the Company will enter into a Terms Agreement setting forth the terms of such Placement. The terms set forth in a Terms Agreement will not be binding on the Company or the Manager unless and until the Company and the Manager have each executed such Terms Agreement accepting all of the terms of such Terms Agreement. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Terms Agreement, the terms of such Terms Agreement will control. A Terms Agreement may also specify certain provisions relating to the reoffering of such ADSs by the Manager. The commitment of the Manager to purchase the ADSs pursuant to any Terms Agreement shall be deemed to have been made on the basis of the representations and warranties of the Company herein contained and shall be subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth. Each Terms Agreement shall specify the number of the ADSs to be purchased by the Manager pursuant thereto, the price to be paid to the Company for such ADSs, any provisions relating to rights of, and default by, underwriters acting together with the Manager in the reoffering of the ADSs, and the time and date (each such time and date being referred to herein as a “Time of Delivery”) and place of delivery of and payment for such ADSs. Such Terms Agreement shall also specify any requirements for opinions of counsel, accountants’ letters and officers’

certificates pursuant to Section 6 of this Agreement and any other information or documents required by the Manager.

(d)

Maximum Number of ADSs. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any ADSs if, after giving effect to the sale of such ADSs, the aggregate amount of Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed the Maximum Amount. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any ADSs pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized from time to time by the Board, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive officer, and notified to the Manager in writing. Further, under no circumstances shall the Company cause or permit the aggregate offering amount or the number of Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs sold pursuant to this Agreement, as applicable, to exceed the Maximum Amount.

(e)

Regulation M Notice. Unless the exceptive provisions set forth in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M under the Exchange Act are satisfied with respect to the ADSs, the Company shall give the Manager at least one (1) Trading Day’s prior notice of its intent to sell any ADSs in order to allow the Manager time to comply with Regulation M.

Representations and Warranties. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Manager at the Execution Time and on each such time that the following representations and warranties are repeated or deemed to be made pursuant to this Agreement, as set forth below, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Incorporated Documents.

(a)

Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries (individually, a “Subsidiary”) of the Company are set forth on Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission. The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the share capital or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any “Liens” (which for purposes of this Agreement shall mean a lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction), and all of the issued and outstanding share capital or capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities, except for any applicable statutory pre-emption rights on such share capital or capital stock as set forth in the SEC Reports.

(b)

Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and, if applicable under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation or in default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or

articles of association, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from that set forth in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or the Incorporated Documents, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under this Agreement (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no “Proceeding” (which for purposes of this Agreement shall mean any action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened) has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.

(c)

Authorization and Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board or the Company’s shareholders in connection herewith other than the Further Board Approvals, the passing by the Company’s shareholders of any replacement authority to allot and pre-emption disapplication under the Companies Act required for the offering of the ADSs (the “Further Shareholder Approvals”) and/or in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law or public policy considerations.

(d)

No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the issuance of the Ordinary Shares and sale of the ADSs representing such Ordinary Shares and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate of incorporation or

articles of association, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(e)

Filings, Consents and Approvals. Except as has already been obtained by the Company, the Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other “Person” (defined as an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind, including Nasdaq and AIM) in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, other than (i) the filings required by this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (iii) the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K and the release of an announcement via the regulatory news service in the United Kingdom with respect to this Agreement, (iv) the filing of application(s) to and approval by Nasdaq for the listing of the ADSs for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, if applicable, (v) the filing of application(s) to and approval by the London Stock Exchange for the admission of the Ordinary Shares to be represented by the ADSs to trading on AIM (intended to be by way of a block admission), (vi) such filings and notifications as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws, the rules and regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), or the laws of England and Wales (including, without limitation, all filings required with UK Companies House), the AIM Rules for Companies published by the London Stock Exchange, the UK City Code on Takeovers and Mergers published by the UK Panel on Takeovers and Mergers and/or the rules and regulations of the UK Financial Conduct Authority and (vii) the consent of the UK Panel on Takeovers and Mergers to the issue of Ordinary Shares to be represented by ADSs pursuant to this Agreement (as may be required from time to time) (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).

(f)

Issuance of Ordinary Shares and ADSs. The Ordinary Shares to be represented by the ADSs will be duly authorized and, when issued and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with this Agreement, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The offer and sale by the Company of the Ordinary Shares represented by the ADSs and the offer and sale of the ADSs has been registered under the Act and all of the ADSs are freely transferable and tradable by the purchasers thereof without restriction (other than any restrictions arising solely from an act or omission of such a purchaser). The Ordinary Shares represented by the ADSs are being offered and sold pursuant to the Registration Statement. The Company and the Depositary have prepared and filed with the Commission a registration statement relating to the ADSs on Form F-6 (File No. 333-239729) for the registration of the ADSs under the Act which became effective on July 16, 2020, and is effective as of the date hereof. The “Plan of Distribution” section within the Registration Statement permits the issuance and sale of the Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs as contemplated by this Agreement. Upon receipt of the ADSs, the purchasers of such ADSs will have good and marketable title to such ADSs and the ADSs will be freely tradable on Nasdaq.

(g)

Capitalization. The number of Ordinary Shares of the Company is authorized to issue as of the date hereof is as set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company has not issued any Ordinary Shares or ADSs since its most recently filed Form 8-K or periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee share options under the Company’s share option plans, the issuance of Ordinary Shares or ADSs to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee share purchase plan, pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Ordinary Share Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act and as set forth in the SEC Reports. Save as to the statutory pre-emption rights under the Companies Act which will have been disapplied in relation to the allotment of the Ordinary Shares to be represented by the ADSs, no Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any Ordinary Shares or ADSs, or the share capital of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional ADSs, Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents or share capital of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the ADSs pursuant to this Agreement will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue ADSs, Ordinary Shares or other securities to any Person. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary.

Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any share appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding Ordinary Shares and ADSs of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. Other than the Further Board Approvals and the Further Shareholder Approvals, no further approval or authorization of any shareholder, the Board or others is required for the sale of the ADSs pursuant to this Agreement. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there are no shareholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s Ordinary Shares or ADSs to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s shareholders.

(h)

Registration Statement. The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Act and has prepared and filed with the Commission the Registration Statement, including a related Base Prospectus, for registration under the Act of the offering and sale of the Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs. The Registration Statement is effective and is available for the offer and sale of the Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs. As filed, the Base Prospectus contains all information required by the Act and the rules thereunder, and, except to the extent the Manager shall agree in writing to a modification, shall be in all substantive respects in the form furnished to the Manager prior to the Execution Time or prior to any such time this representation is repeated or deemed to be made. The Registration Statement, at the Execution Time, each such time this representation is repeated or deemed to be made, and at all times during which a prospectus is required by the Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule) in connection with any offer or sale of the ADSs, meets the requirements set forth in Rule 415(a)(1)(x). The initial Effective Date of the Registration Statement was not earlier than the date three years before the Execution Time. The Company meets the transaction requirements as set forth in General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3 or, if applicable, as set forth in General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 with respect to the aggregate market value of securities being sold pursuant to this offering and during the last twelve (12) months prior to this offering.

(i)

Accuracy of Incorporated Documents. The Incorporated Documents, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, and none of the Incorporated Documents, when they were filed with the Commission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact

necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, the Prospectus Supplement made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information relating to the Manager furnished to the Company by the Manager specifically for inclusion in the preparation thereof.

(j)

Ineligible Issuer. (i) At the earliest time after the filing of the Registration Statement that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2)) of the ADSs and (ii) as of the Execution Time and on each such time this representation is repeated or deemed to be made (with such date being used as the determination date for purposes of this clause (ii)), the Company was not and is not an Ineligible Issuer (as defined in Rule 405), without taking account of any determination by the Commission pursuant to Rule 405 that it is not necessary that the Company be considered an Ineligible Issuer.

(k)

Free Writing Prospectus. The Company is eligible to use Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus used in connection with the issuance and sale of ADSs under this Agreement does not include any information the substance of which conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, including any Incorporated Documents and any prospectus supplement deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified; and each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus used in connection with the issuance and sale of ADSs under this Agreement does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Manager specifically for use therein. Any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) used in connection with the issuance and sale of ADSs under this Agreement has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Act and the rules thereunder. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) in connection with the issuance and sale of ADSs under this Agreement or that was prepared by or behalf of or used by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Act and the rules thereunder. The Company will not, without the prior consent of the Manager, prepare, use or refer

to, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses in connection with the issuance and sale of ADSs under this Agreement.

(l)

Proceedings Related to Registration Statement. The Registration Statement is not the subject of a pending proceeding or examination under Section 8(d) or 8(e) of the Act, and the Company is not the subject of a pending proceeding under Section 8A of the Act in connection with the offering of the ADSs. The Company has not received any notice that the Commission has issued or intends to issue a stop-order with respect to the Registration Statement or that the Commission otherwise has suspended or withdrawn the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, either temporarily or permanently, or intends or has threatened in writing to do so.

(m)

SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.

(n)

[RESERVED]

(o)

Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC

Report filed prior to the date on which this representation is being made, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its shareholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock, (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or “Affiliate” (defined as any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 144 under the Act), except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans, and (vi) no executive officer of the Company or member of the Board has resigned from any position with the Company. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the ADSs contemplated by this Agreement, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed prior to the time that this representation is made.

(p)

Litigation. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or the ADSs or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or the ADSs or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Act.

(q)

Labor Relations. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened which would have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(r)

Compliance. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case of (i), (ii) and (iii) as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(s)

Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such

permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

(t)

Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.

(u)

Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state, foreign or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.

(v)

Intellectual Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their Intellectual Property Rights, except where

failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(w)

Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.

(x)

Affiliate Transactions. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.

(y)

Sarbanes Oxley Compliance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported,

within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.

(z)

Certain Fees. Other than payments to be made to the Manager, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Manager shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(aa)

No Other Sales Agency Agreement. The Company has not entered into any other sales agency agreements or other similar arrangements with any agent or any other representative in respect of at the market offerings of the ADSs.

(bb)

Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds therefrom as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus will not be, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(cc)

Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The ADSs are listed on Nasdaq and the issuance of the ADSs as contemplated by this Agreement does not contravene the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. The Ordinary Shares and ADSs are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Ordinary Shares or ADSs under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from Nasdaq or any other trading market on which the ADSs or Ordinary Shares have been listed, admitted to trading or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of

Nasdaq or such trading market. The ADSs are currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depositary and the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.

(dd)

[RESERVED]

(ee)

Solvency. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the date hereof, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt) within one year from the date hereof. The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the date hereof. The SEC Reports set forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $100,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others in excess of $100,000, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $100,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.

(ff)

Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has

paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.

(gg)

Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

(hh)

Accountants. The Company’s accounting firm is set forth in the SEC Reports. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024.

(ii)

Regulation M Compliance. The Company (and, to the Company’s knowledge any Person acting on its behalf) has not, directly or indirectly, in violation of Regulation M, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the ADSs or Ordinary Shares, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the ADSs or Ordinary Shares, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Manager in connection with the sale of the ADSs hereunder.

(jj)

FDA. As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“FDCA”) that is manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a “Pharmaceutical Product”), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration, investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application

approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests the premarket clearance, licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the recall, suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA. The Company has not been informed by the FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed, produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern as to approving or clearing for marketing any product being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company.

(kk)

Share Option Plans. Each share option granted by the Company under the Company’s share option plan was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of the Company’s share option plan, (ii) with an exercise price not less than the nominal value of an Ordinary Share and (iii) with an exercise price of each option granted to a U.S. participant not less than the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares subject to the option on the date the option is granted. No share option granted under the Company’s share option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, share options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of share options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.

(ll)

Cybersecurity. The Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in

connection with the operation of the business of the Company as currently conducted, free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants.

(mm)

Compliance with Data Privacy Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable physical, technical and administrative controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data, including “Personal Data” (as defined below) used in connection with their businesses. To the Company’s knowledge, there have been no breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to same, except for those that have been remedied without material cost or liability or the duty to notify any other person, nor any incidents under internal review or investigations relating to the same. The Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been in material compliance with all applicable laws, directives or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data (“Data Protection Laws”) and to the protection of such IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken all necessary actions to prepare to comply with the GDPR and all other applicable laws and regulations with respect to Personal Data, and for which any non-compliance with same would be reasonably likely to create a material liability.

For the purposes of this this Section 3(mm), “Personal Data” means: a natural person’s name, street address, telephone number, e-mail address, photograph, social security number or tax identification number, driver’s license number, passport number, credit card number, bank information, or customer or account number; any information which would qualify as “personally identifying information” under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; “personal data” as defined by the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 as it forms part of domestic law in the United Kingdom by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (“GDPR”); any information which would qualify as “protected health information” under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (collectively, “HIPAA”); and any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or permits the collection or analysis of any data related to an identified person’s health or sexual orientation.

(nn)

Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any of the directors, officers or employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries, is an individual or entity that is, or is owned or controlled by an individual or entity that is: (i) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of

Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor (ii) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of comprehensive Sanctions. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the transactions contemplated hereby, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other individual or entity: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any individual or entity or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions prohibiting such funding or facilitation or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any individual or entity (including any individual or entity participating in the transactions contemplated hereby, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise). For the past five years, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has knowingly engaged in, and is not now knowingly engaged in, any dealings or transactions with any individual or entity, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions, in violation of Sanctions.

(oo)

Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.

(pp)

FINRA Member Shareholders. There are no affiliations with any FINRA member firm among the Company’s officers, directors or, to the knowledge of the Company, any five percent (5%) or greater shareholder of the Company, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus.

Agreements. The Company agrees with the Manager that:

(a)

Right to Review Amendments and Supplements to Registration Statement and Prospectus. During any period when the delivery of a prospectus relating to the ADSs is required (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule) to be delivered under the Act in connection with the offering or the sale of ADSs, the Company will not file any amendment to the Registration Statement or supplement (including any Prospectus Supplement) to the Base Prospectus unless the Company has furnished to the Manager a copy for its review prior to filing and will not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Manager reasonably objects (provided, however, that the Company will have no obligation to provide

the Manager any advance copy of such filing or to provide the Manager an opportunity to object to such filing if the filing does not name the Manager and does not relate to the transactions under this Agreement). The Company has properly completed the Prospectus, in a form approved by the Manager, and filed such Prospectus, as amended at the Execution Time, with the Commission pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) by the Execution Time and will cause any supplement to the Prospectus to be properly completed, in a form approved by the Manager, and will file such supplement with the Commission pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) within the time period prescribed thereby and will provide evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Manager of such timely filing. The Company will promptly advise the Manager (i) when the Prospectus, and any supplement thereto, shall have been filed (if required) with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), (ii) when, during any period when the delivery of a prospectus (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule) is required under the Act in connection with the offering or sale of the Ordinary Shares or ADSs, any amendment to the Registration Statement shall have been filed or become effective (other than any annual report of the Company filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act), (iii) of any request by the Commission or its staff for any amendment of the Registration Statement, or for any supplement to the Prospectus or for any additional information, (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any notice objecting to its use or the institution or threatening of any proceeding for that purpose and (v) of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Ordinary Shares or ADSs for sale in any jurisdiction or the institution or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop order or the occurrence of any such suspension or objection to the use of the Registration Statement and, upon such issuance, occurrence or notice of objection, to obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal of such stop order or relief from such occurrence or objection, including, if necessary, by filing an amendment to the Registration Statement or a new registration statement and using its reasonable best efforts to have such amendment or new registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable.

(b)

Subsequent Events. If, at any time on or after an Applicable Time but prior to the related Settlement Date, any event occurs as a result of which the Registration Statement or Prospectus would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein in the light of the circumstances under which they were made or the circumstances then prevailing not misleading, the Company will (i) notify promptly the Manager so that any use of the Registration Statement or Prospectus may cease until such are amended or supplemented; (ii) amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to correct such statement or omission; and (iii) supply any such amendment or supplement to the Manager in such quantities as the Manager may reasonably request; provided, however, that the Company may delay any such

amendment or supplement if, in the reasonable judgment of the Company after consultation with counsel, the Company may make such delay in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act. Until such time as the Company shall have corrected such misstatement or omission or effected such compliance, the Company shall not notify the Manager to resume the offering of ADSs.

(c)

Notification of Subsequent Filings. During any period when the delivery of a prospectus relating to the ADSs is required (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule) to be delivered under the Act, any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein in the light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading, or if it shall be necessary to amend the Registration Statement, file a new registration statement or supplement the Prospectus to comply with the Act or the Exchange Act or the respective rules thereunder, including in connection with use or delivery of the Prospectus, the Company promptly will (i) notify the Manager of any such event, (ii) subject to Section 4(a), prepare and file with the Commission an amendment or supplement or new registration statement which will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance, (iii) use its reasonable best efforts to have any amendment to the Registration Statement or new registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable in order to avoid any disruption in use of the Prospectus and (iv) supply any supplemented Prospectus to the Manager in such quantities as the Manager may reasonably request.

(d)

Earnings Statements. As soon as practicable, the Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Manager an earnings statement or statements of the Company and its Subsidiaries which will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Act and Rule 158. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company’s compliance with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this Section 4(d).

(e)

Delivery of Registration Statement. Upon the request of the Manager, the Company will furnish to the Manager and counsel for the Manager, without charge, signed copies of the Registration Statement (including exhibits thereto) and, so long as delivery of a prospectus by the Manager or dealer may be required by the Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule), as many copies of the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and any supplement thereto as the Manager may reasonably request. The Company will pay the expenses of printing or other production of all documents relating to the offering.

(f)

Qualification of ADSs. The Company will arrange, if necessary, for the qualification of the ADSs and Ordinary Shares for sale under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Manager may designate and will maintain such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the ADSs; provided that in no event

shall the Company be obligated to qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it is not now so qualified or to take any action that would subject it to service of process in suits, other than those arising out of the offering or sale of the ADSs, in any jurisdiction where it is not now so subject.

(g)

Free Writing Prospectus. The Company agrees that, unless it has or shall have obtained the prior written consent of the Manager, the Company has not made and will not make any offer relating to the ADSs that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 405) required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Manager or the Company is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company agrees that (i) it has treated and will treat, as the case may be, each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and (ii) it has complied and will comply, as the case may be, with the requirements of Rules 164 and 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including in respect of timely filing with the Commission, legending and record keeping.

(h)

Subsequent Equity Issuances. The Company shall not deliver any Sales Notice hereunder (and any Sales Notice previously delivered shall not apply during such two (2) Trading Days) for at least two (2) Trading Days prior to any date on which the Company or any Subsidiary offers, sells, issues, contracts to sell, contracts to issue or otherwise disposes of, directly or indirectly, any other ADSs, Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents (other than the ADSs pursuant to this Agreement), subject to Manager’s right to waive this obligation, provided that, that such restrictions will not be required in connection with the Company’s issuance or sale of (i) shares of Ordinary Shares or ADSs, options to purchase Ordinary Shares or ADSs, other securities under the Company’s existing equity incentive plans, or shares of Ordinary Shares or ADSs issuable upon the exercise of options or vesting of other securities, pursuant to any employee or director stock option or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not shares of Ordinary Shares or ADSs subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented, (ii) shares of Ordinary Shares or ADSs issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding and set forth in the SEC Reports or (iii) issuances of Ordinary Shares or ADSs in connection with payments related to the Bonds, as set forth in or contemplated by the SEC Reports.

(i)

Market Manipulation. Until the termination of this Agreement, the Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would constitute or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation in violation of the Act, Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder of the price of any security of

the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the ADSs or otherwise violate any provision of Regulation M under the Exchange Act.

(j)

Notification of Incorrect Certificate. The Company will, at any time during the term of this Agreement, as supplemented from time to time, advise the Manager immediately after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect any opinion, certificate, letter and other document provided to the Manager pursuant to Section 6 herein.

(k)

Certification of Accuracy of Disclosure. Upon commencement of the offering of the ADSs under this Agreement, and each time that (i) the Registration Statement or Prospectus shall be amended or supplemented, other than by means of Incorporated Documents, (ii) the Company files its Annual Report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act containing financial information which is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, (iii) the Company files its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act containing financial information which is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, (iv) the Company files a Current Report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than information that is furnished and not filed), if the Manager reasonably determines that the information in such Form 8-K is material, or (v) the ADSs are delivered to the Manager as principal at the Time of Delivery pursuant to a Terms Agreement (such commencement date and each such date referred to in (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v) above, a “Representation Date”), unless waived by the Manager, the Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Manager forthwith a certificate dated and delivered on the Representation Date, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Manager to the effect that the statements contained in the certificate referred to in Section 6 of this Agreement which were last furnished to the Manager are true and correct at the Representation Date, as though made at and as of such date (except that such statements shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to such date) or, in lieu of such certificate, a certificate of the same tenor as the certificate referred to in said Section 6, modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to the date of delivery of such certificate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the requirement to provide a certificate under this Section 4(k) shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Sales Notice is pending or a suspension is in effect, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Sales Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date on which the Company files its Annual Report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) upon the delivery of the first Sales Notice hereunder and (ii) if the Company subsequently decides to sell Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Manager with a certificate under this Section 4(k), then before the Manager sells any Shares, the

Company shall provide the Manager with such certificate dated the date of the Sales Notice.

(l)

Bring Down Opinions; Negative Assurance. Within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date for which the Company is obligated to deliver a certification pursuant to Section 4(k), unless waived by the Manager, the Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished forthwith to the Manager and to counsel to the Manager a written opinion of English counsel to the Company (“English Counsel”) and a written opinion of United States counsel to the Company (“US Counsel” and, collectively with English Counsel, “Company Counsel”) addressed to the Manager and dated and delivered within five (5) Trading Days of such Representation Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Manager and subject to customary and appropriate assumptions and qualifications, including a negative assurance representation from US Counsel. The requirement to furnish or cause to be furnished an opinion (but not with respect to a negative assurance representation from US Counsel) under this Section 4(l) shall be waived for any Representation Date other than a Representation Date on which a material amendment to the Registration Statement or Prospectus is made or the Company files its Annual Report on Form 10-K or a material amendment thereto under the Exchange Act, unless the Manager reasonably requests such deliverable required by this Section 4(l) in connection with a Representation Date, upon which request such deliverable shall be deliverable hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the requirement to provide an opinion or negative assurance representation under this Section 4(l) be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Sales Notice is pending or a suspension is in effect, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Sales Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date on which the Company files its Annual Report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) upon the delivery of the first Sales Notice hereunder and (ii) if the Company subsequently decides to sell Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Manager with an opinion or negative assurance representation under this Section 4(l), then before the Manager sells any Shares, the Company shall provide the Manager with such opinion or negative assurance representation dated the date of the Sales Notice.

(m)

Auditor Bring Down “Comfort” Letter. Within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date for which the Company is obligated to deliver a certification pursuant to Section 4(k), unless waived by the Manager, the Company shall cause (1) the Company’s auditors (the “Accountants”), or other independent accountants satisfactory to the Manager forthwith to furnish the Manager a letter, and (2) if requested by the Manager, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company forthwith to furnish the Manager a certificate, in each case dated within five (5) Trading Days of such Representation Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Manager, of the same tenor as the letters and certificate referred to in Section 6 of this Agreement but modified to relate to the Registration

Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letters and certificate. The requirement to furnish or cause to be furnished a “comfort” letter under this Section 4(m) shall be waived for any Representation Date other than a Representation Date on which a material amendment to the Registration Statement or Prospectus is made or the Company files its Annual Report on Form 10-K or a material amendment thereto under the Exchange Act, unless the Manager reasonably requests such deliverable required by this Section 4(l) in connection with a Representation Date, upon which request such deliverable shall be deliverable hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the requirement to deliver or cause to be delivered one or more letters or certificates under this Section 4(m) shall at the request of the Company be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Sales Notice is pending or a suspension is in effect, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Sales Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date on which the Company files its Annual Report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) upon the delivery of the first Sales Notice hereunder and (ii) if the Company subsequently decides to sell Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Manager with a letter or certificate under this Section 4(m), then before the Manager sells any Shares, the Company shall provide the Manager with such letter or certificate dated the date of the Sales Notice.

(n)

Due Diligence Session. Upon commencement of the offering of the ADSs under this Agreement (and upon the recommencement of the offering of the ADSs under this Agreement following the termination of a suspension of sales hereunder lasting more than 30 Trading Days), and at each Representation Date, unless waived by the Manager, the Company will conduct a due diligence session, in form and substance, reasonably satisfactory to the Manager, which shall include representatives of management and Accountants. The Company shall cooperate timely with any reasonable due diligence request from or review conducted by the Manager or its agents from time to time in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation, providing information and available documents and access to appropriate corporate officers and the Company’s agents during regular business hours, and timely furnishing or causing to be furnished such certificates, letters and opinions from the Company, its officers and its agents, as the Manager may reasonably request. The requirement to conduct a due diligence session under this Section 4(n) shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no instruction to the Manager to sell ADSs pursuant to this Agreement has been delivered by the Company or is pending. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell ADSs following any Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not conduct a due diligence session pursuant to this Section 4(n), then before the Company instructs the Manager to sell ADSs pursuant to this Agreement, the Company shall conduct a due diligence session in accordance with this Section 4(n).

(o)

Acknowledgment of Trading. To the extent permitted by applicable securities laws, the Company consents to the Manager trading in the Ordinary Shares and ADSs for the Manager’s own account and for the account of its clients at the same time as sales of the ADSs occur pursuant to this Agreement or pursuant to a Terms Agreement.

(p)

Disclosure of ADSs Sold. The Company will disclose in its Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as applicable, the number of ADSs sold through the Manager under this Agreement, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation paid by the Company with respect to sales of ADSs pursuant to this Agreement during the relevant quarter; and, if required by any subsequent change in Commission policy or request, more frequently by means of a Current Report on Form 8-K or a further Prospectus Supplement.

(q)

[RESERVED]

(r)

Bring Down of Representations and Warranties. Each acceptance by the Company of an offer to purchase the ADSs hereunder, and each execution and delivery by the Company of a Terms Agreement, shall be deemed to be an affirmation to the Manager that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in or made pursuant to this Agreement are true and correct as of the date of such acceptance or of such Terms Agreement as though made at and as of such date, and an undertaking that such representations and warranties will be true and correct as of the Settlement Date for the ADSs relating to such acceptance or as of the Time of Delivery relating to such sale, as the case may be, as though made at and as of such date (except that such representations and warranties shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented relating to such ADSs).

(s)

Reservation of Ordinary Shares. The Company shall ensure that at the time of each delivery of a Sales Notice hereunder, the Board, or a duly authorized committee thereof, is authorized by the Company’s shareholders to allot the Ordinary Shares underlying the ADSs to be sold pursuant to such Sales Notice on a non-pre-emptive basis in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the ADSs issuable pursuant to this Agreement to be listed for trading on Nasdaq and to maintain such listing.

(t)

Obligation Under Exchange Act. During any period when the delivery of a prospectus relating to the ADSs is required (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172, 173 or any similar rule) to be delivered under the Act, the Company will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act within the time periods required by the Exchange Act and the regulations thereunder.

(u)

DTC Facility. The Company shall cooperate with the Manager and use its reasonable best efforts to permit the ADSs to be eligible for clearance and settlement through the facilities of DTC.

(v)

Use of Proceeds. The Company will apply the Net Proceeds from the sale of the ADSs in the manner set forth in the Prospectus.

(w)

Filing of Prospectus Supplement. If any sales are made pursuant to this Agreement which are not made in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4), including, without limitation, any Placement pursuant to a Terms Agreement, the Company shall file a Prospectus Supplement describing the terms of such transaction, the amount of ADSs sold, the price thereof, the Manager’s compensation, and such other information as may be required pursuant to Rule 424 and Rule 430B, as applicable, within the time required by Rule 424.

(x)

Additional Registration Statement. To the extent that the Registration Statement is not available for the sales of the Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs as contemplated by this Agreement, the Company shall file, in its sole discretion, a new registration statement with respect to any additional Ordinary Shares necessary to complete such sales of the ADSs and shall cause such registration statement to become effective as promptly as practicable. After the effectiveness of any such registration statement, all references to “Registration Statement” included in this Agreement shall be deemed to include such new registration statement, including all documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3, and all references to “Base Prospectus” included in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the final form of prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in any such registration statement at the time such registration statement became effective.

Payment of Expenses. The Company agrees to pay the costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated, including without limitation: (i) the preparation, printing or reproduction and filing with the Commission of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits thereto), the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and each amendment or supplement to any of them; (ii) the printing (or reproduction) and delivery (including postage, air freight charges and charges for counting and packaging) of such copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and all amendments or supplements to any of them, as may, in each case, be reasonably requested for use in connection with the offering and sale of the ADSs; (iii) the preparation, printing, authentication, issuance and delivery of certificates for the ADSs, including any stamp or transfer taxes (“Stamp Taxes”) required to be paid by the Company in the United Kingdom or the United States in connection with the issuance of the ADSs and the initial sale of the ADSs to the initial purchasers thereof, in each case in the manner contemplated by this Agreement and the Deposit Agreement; (iv) the printing (or reproduction) and delivery of this Agreement, any

blue sky memorandum and all other agreements or documents printed (or reproduced) and delivered in connection with the offering of the ADSs; (v) the registration of the ADSs under the Exchange Act, if applicable, and the listing of the ADSs on Nasdaq; (vi) any registration or qualification of the Ordinary Shares and ADSs for offer and sale under the securities or blue sky laws of the several states (including filing fees and the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel for the Manager relating to such registration and qualification); (vii) the transportation and other expenses incurred by or on behalf of Company representatives in connection with presentations to prospective purchasers of the ADSs; (viii) the fees and expenses of the Company’s accountants and the fees and expenses of counsel (including local and special counsel) for the Company; (ix) the filing fee under FINRA Rule 5110; (x) the reasonable fees and expenses of the Manager’s counsel, not to exceed $50,000 (excluding any periodic due diligence fees provided for under Section 4(n), for which the Company shall reimburse the Manager for Manager’s counsel’s fees in each such due diligence update session, up to a maximum of $2,500 per update, plus any incidental expense incurred by the Manager in connection therewith), which shall be paid at the Execution Time; (xi) fees charged to the Manager by the Depository in connection with the issuance and sale of the ADSs; and (xii) all other costs and expenses (other than Stamp Taxes, which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall be dealt with exclusively as provided in clause (iii) above) incident to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder.

Conditions to the Obligations of the Manager. The obligations of the Manager under this Agreement and any Terms Agreement shall be subject to (i) the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company contained herein as of the Execution Time, each Representation Date, and as of each Applicable Time, Settlement Date and Time of Delivery, (ii) the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and (iii) the following additional conditions:

(a)

Filing of Prospectus Supplement. The Prospectus, and any supplement thereto, required by Rule 424 to be filed with the Commission have been filed in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) with respect to any sale of ADSs; each Prospectus Supplement shall have been filed in the manner required by Rule 424(b) within the time period required hereunder and under the Act; any other material required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act, shall have been filed with the Commission within the applicable time periods prescribed for such filings by Rule 433; and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any notice objecting to its use shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or threatened.

(b)

Delivery of Opinion. The Company shall have caused the English Counsel and US Counsel to furnish to the Manager their respective opinions and negative assurance statement of US Counsel, dated as of such date and addressed to the Manager in form and substance acceptable to the Manager.

(c)

Delivery of Officer’s Certificate. The Company shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to the Manager a certificate of the Company

signed by the Chief Executive Officer or the President and the principal financial or accounting officer of the Company, dated as of such date, to the effect that the signers of such certificate have carefully examined the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement and any documents incorporated by reference therein and any supplements or amendments thereto and this Agreement and that:

(i)

the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct on and as of such date with the same effect as if made on such date and the Company has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to such date;

(ii)

no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any notice objecting to its use has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened; and

(iii)

since the date of the most recent financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Incorporated Documents, there has been no Material Adverse Effect on the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, business or properties of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, except as set forth in or contemplated in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

(d)

Delivery of Accountants’ “Comfort” Letter. The Company shall have requested and caused the Accountants to have furnished to the Manager letters (which may refer to letters previously delivered to the Manager), dated as of such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Manager, confirming that they are independent accountants within the meaning of the Act and the Exchange Act and the respective applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission thereunder and that they have performed a review of any unaudited interim financial information of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and provide customary “comfort” as to such review in form and substance satisfactory to the Manager.

(e)

No Material Adverse Event. Since the respective dates as of which information is disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Incorporated Documents, except as otherwise stated therein, there shall not have been (i) any change or decrease in previously reported results specified in the letter or letters referred to in paragraph (d) of this Section 6 or (ii) any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, business or properties of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, except as set forth in or contemplated in the

Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Incorporated Documents (exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto) the effect of which, in any case referred to in clause (i) or (ii) above, is, in the sole judgment of the Manager, so material and adverse as to make it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with the offering or delivery of the ADSs as contemplated by the Registration Statement (exclusive of any amendment thereof), the Incorporated Documents and the Prospectus (exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto).

(f)

Payment of All Fees. The Company shall have paid the required Commission filing fees relating to the Ordinary Shares and ADSs within the time period required by Rule 456(b)(1)(i) of the Act without regard to the proviso therein and otherwise in accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) of the Act and, if applicable, shall have updated the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in accordance with Rule 456(b)(1)(ii) either in a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or on the cover page of a prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b).

(g)

No FINRA Objections. FINRA shall not have raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms and arrangements under this Agreement.

(h)

ADSs Listed on Nasdaq. The ADSs shall have been listed and admitted and authorized for trading on Nasdaq, and satisfactory evidence of such actions shall have been provided to the Manager.

(i)

Other Assurances. Prior to each Settlement Date and Time of Delivery, as applicable, the Company shall have furnished to the Manager such further information, certificates and documents as the Manager may reasonably request.

If any of the conditions specified in this Section 6 shall not have been fulfilled when and as provided in this Agreement, or if any of the opinions and certificates mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall not be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Manager and counsel for the Manager, this Agreement and all obligations of the Manager hereunder may be canceled at, or at any time prior to, any Settlement Date or Time of Delivery, as applicable, by the Manager. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or by telephone and confirmed in writing by electronic mail.

The documents required to be delivered by this Section 6 shall be delivered to the office of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, counsel for the Manager, at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105, on each such date as provided in this Agreement.

Indemnification and Contribution.

(a)

Indemnification by Company. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Manager, the directors, officers, employees and agents of the Manager and each person who controls the Manager within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act against any and all losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which they or any of them may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act or other Federal or state statutory law or regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement for the registration of the ADSs as originally filed or in any amendment thereof, or in the Base Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or arise out of or are based upon any Proceeding, commenced or threatened, based upon any such untrue statement or omission or any such alleged untrue statement or omission (whether or not the Manager is a target of or party to such Proceeding), and agrees to reimburse each such indemnified party for any reasonable and documented legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with the Manager’s Information. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability that the Company may otherwise have. “Manager’s Information” means, solely, the following information in the Prospectus Supplement: the seventh and eighth paragraphs under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus Supplement.

(b)

Indemnification by Manager. The Manager agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement, and each person who controls the Company within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act, to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to the Manager, but only with reference to the Manager’s Information. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Manager may otherwise have.

(c)

Indemnification Procedures. Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 7 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under this Section 7, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof; but the failure so to notify the indemnifying party (i) will not relieve it from liability under paragraph (a) or (b) above unless and to the extent it did not otherwise learn of such action and such failure results in the forfeiture by the indemnifying party of substantial rights and defenses and (ii) will not, in any event, relieve the indemnifying party from any

obligations to any indemnified party other than the indemnification obligation provided in paragraph (a) or (b) above. The indemnifying party shall be entitled to appoint counsel of the indemnifying party’s choice at the indemnifying party’s expense to represent the indemnified party in any action for which indemnification is sought (in which case the indemnifying party shall not thereafter be responsible for the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of any separate counsel retained by the indemnified party or parties except as set forth below); provided, however, that such counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. Notwithstanding the indemnifying party’s election to appoint counsel to represent the indemnified party in an action, the indemnified party shall have the right to employ separate counsel (including local counsel), and the indemnifying party shall bear the reasonable and documented fees, costs and expenses of such separate counsel if (i) the use of counsel chosen by the indemnifying party to represent the indemnified party would present such counsel with a conflict of interest, (ii) the actual or potential defendants in, or targets of, any such action include both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, (iii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time after notice of the institution of such action or (iv) the indemnifying party shall authorize the indemnified party to employ separate counsel at the expense of the indemnifying party. An indemnifying party will not, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any pending or threatened claim, action, suit or proceeding in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties to such claim or action) unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such claim, action, suit or proceeding.

(d)

Contribution. In the event that the indemnity provided in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 7 is unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party for any reason, the Company and the Manager agree to contribute to the aggregate losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with investigating or defending the same) (collectively “Losses”) to which the Company and the Manager may be subject in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and by the Manager on the other from the offering of the ADSs; provided, however, that in no case shall the Manager be responsible for any amount in excess of the Broker Fee applicable to the ADSs and paid hereunder. If the allocation provided by the immediately preceding sentence is unavailable for any reason, the Company and the Manager severally shall contribute in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and of the Manager on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted

in such Losses as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. Benefits received by the Company shall be deemed to be equal to the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by it, and benefits received by the Manager shall be deemed to be equal to the Broker Fee applicable to the ADSs and paid hereunder as determined by this Agreement. Relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any untrue or any alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information provided by the Company on the one hand or the Manager on the other, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The Company and the Manager agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution were determined by pro rata allocation or any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph (d), no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 7, each person who controls the Manager within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act and each director, officer, employee and agent of the Manager shall have the same rights to contribution as the Manager, and each person who controls the Company within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act, each officer of the Company who shall have signed the Registration Statement and each director of the Company shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the applicable terms and conditions of this paragraph (d).

Termination.

(a)

The Company shall have the right, by giving written notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate the provisions of this Agreement relating to the solicitation of offers to purchase the ADSs in its sole discretion at any time upon five (5) Trading Days’ prior written notice. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that (i) with respect to any pending sale, through the Manager for the Company, the obligations of the Company, including in respect of compensation of the Manager, shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the termination and (ii) the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 and 15 of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

(b)

The Manager shall have the right, by giving written notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate the provisions of this Agreement relating to the solicitation of offers to purchase the ADSs in its sole discretion at any time. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 and 15 of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

(c)

This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect until such date that this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Sections 8(a) or (b) above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties, provided that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 and 15 of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

(d)

Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination, provided that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Manager or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date or Time of Delivery for any sale of the ADSs, such sale of the ADSs shall settle in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(b) of this Agreement.

(e)

In the case of any purchase of ADSs by the Manager pursuant to a Terms Agreement, the obligations of the Manager pursuant to such Terms Agreement shall be subject to termination, in the absolute discretion of the Manager, by prompt oral notice given to the Company prior to the Time of Delivery relating to such ADSs, if any, and confirmed promptly by electronic mail, if since the time of execution of the Terms Agreement and prior to such delivery and payment, (i) trading in the ADSs shall have been suspended by the Commission or Nasdaq or trading in securities generally on Nasdaq shall have been suspended or limited or minimum prices shall have been established on such exchange, (ii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared either by Federal or New York State authorities or (iii) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities, declaration by the United States of a national emergency or war, or other calamity or crisis the effect of which on financial markets is such as to make it, in the sole judgment of the Manager, impractical or inadvisable to proceed with the offering or delivery of the ADSs as contemplated by the Prospectus (exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto).

Representations and Indemnities to Survive. The respective agreements, representations, warranties, indemnities and other statements of the Company or its officers and of the Manager set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by the Manager or the Company or any of the officers, directors, employees, agents or controlling persons referred to in Section 7, and will survive delivery of and payment for the ADSs.

10.

Notices. All communications hereunder will be in writing and effective only on receipt, and will be mailed, delivered, or e-mailed to the addresses of the Company and the Manager, respectively, set forth on the signature page hereto.

11.

Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers, directors, employees, agents and controlling persons referred to in Section 7, and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder.

12.

No Fiduciary Duty. The Company hereby acknowledges that (a) the purchase and sale of the ADSs pursuant to this Agreement is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the Manager and any Affiliate through which it may be acting, on the other, (b) the Manager is acting solely as sales agent and/or principal in connection with the purchase and sale of the Company’s securities and not as a fiduciary of the Company and (c) the Company’s engagement of the Manager in connection with the offering and the process leading up to the offering is as independent contractors and not in any other capacity. Furthermore, the Company agrees that it is solely responsible for making its own judgments in connection with the offering (irrespective of whether the Manager has advised or is currently advising the Company on related or other matters). The Company agrees that it will not claim that the Manager has rendered advisory services of any nature or respect, or owe an agency, fiduciary or similar duty to the Company, in connection with such transaction or the process leading thereto.

13.

Integration. This Agreement and any Terms Agreement supersede all prior agreements and understandings (whether written or oral) between the Company and the Manager with respect to the subject matter hereof.

14.

Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Manager. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.

15.

Applicable Law. This Agreement and any Terms Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed within the State of New York. Each of the Company and the Manager: (i) agrees that any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be instituted exclusively in New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, (ii) waives any objection which it may have or hereafter to the venue of any such suit, action or proceeding, and (iii) irrevocably consents to the exclusive jurisdiction of the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in any such suit, action or proceeding. Each of the Company and the Manager further agrees to accept and acknowledge service of any and all process which may be served in any such suit, action or proceeding in the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and agrees that service of process upon the Company mailed by certified mail to the Company’s address shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company, in any such suit, action or proceeding, and service of process upon the Manager mailed by certified mail to the Manager’s address shall be deemed in every respect effective service process upon the Manager, in any such suit, action or proceeding. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce

any provision of this Agreement, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its reasonable attorney’s fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

16.

Waiver of Jury Trial. The Company hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement, any Terms Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.

17.

Counterparts. This Agreement and any Terms Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon one and the same agreement. Counterparts may be delivered via electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

18.

Headings. The section headings used in this Agreement and any Terms Agreement are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

***************************

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to us the enclosed duplicate hereof, whereupon this letter and your acceptance shall represent a binding agreement between the Company and the Manager.

Very truly yours,

RENALYTIX PLC

By:/s/ O. James Sterling

Name: O. James Sterling

Title: Chief Financial Officer

Address for Notice:

2 Leman Street

London E1W 9US

United Kingdom

Attention: O. James Sterling

E-mail:

The foregoing Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted as of the date first written above.

H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO., LLC

     
By:/s/ Edward D. Silvera
Name:	Edward D. Silvera
Title:	Chief Operating Officer

Address for Notice:

430 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10022

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

E-mail:

Form of Terms Agreement

ANNEX I

RENALYTIX PLC

TERMS AGREEMENT

Dear Sirs:

Renalytix plc (the “Company”) proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein and in the At The Market Offering Agreement, dated May 15, 2024 (the “At The Market Offering Agreement”), between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Manager”), to issue and sell to Manager the securities specified in the Schedule I hereto (the “Purchased ADSs”).

Each of the provisions of the At The Market Offering Agreement not specifically related to the solicitation by the Manager, as agent of the Company, of offers to purchase securities is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and shall be deemed to be part of this Terms Agreement to the same extent as if such provisions had been set forth in full herein. Each of the representations and warranties set forth therein shall be deemed to have been made at and as of the date of this Terms Agreement and the Time of Delivery, except that each representation and warranty in Section 3 of the At The Market Offering Agreement which makes reference to the Prospectus (as therein defined) shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty as of the date of the At The Market Offering Agreement in relation to the Prospectus, and also a representation and warranty as of the date of this Terms Agreement and the Time of Delivery in relation to the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to relate to the Purchased ADSs.

An amendment to the Registration Statement (as defined in the At The Market Offering Agreement), or a supplement to the Prospectus, as the case may be, relating to the Purchased ADSs, in the form heretofore delivered to the Manager is now proposed to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the At The Market Offering Agreement which are incorporated herein by reference, the Company agrees to issue and sell to the Manager and the latter agrees to purchase from the Company the number of shares of the Purchased ADSs at the time and place and at the purchase price set forth in the Schedule I hereto.

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and return to us a counterpart hereof, whereupon this Terms Agreement, including those provisions of the At The Market Offering Agreement incorporated herein by reference, shall constitute a binding agreement between the Manager and the Company.



RENALYTIX PLC
By :__________________________________________ Name: Title:

ACCEPTED as of the date first written above.

    H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO., LLC

By: __________________________________________

Name:

Title:

Claire Keast-Butler

+44 (0) 20 7556 4211

ckeastbutler@cooley.com

Exhibit 5.1

Renalytix plc

2 Leman Street

London E1W 9US

United Kingdom

15 May 2024

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Re: Renalytix plc — Prospectus Supplement — Exhibit 5.1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

We have acted as English legal advisers to Renalytix plc, a public limited company incorporated in England and Wales (the “Company”), in connection with the preparation and filing on the date hereof with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) of a prospectus supplement (the “Prospectus Supplement”).

1.2

The Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC on 28 September 2023 (the “Registration Statement”) including a base prospectus (the “Base Prospectus”) which provides that it will be supplemented by one or more prospectus supplement, pursuant to the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Prospectus Supplement is a supplement to the Base Prospectus.

1.3

The Registration Statement relates to the registration for issue and sale by the Company of (a) ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.0025 each in the capital of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”), (b) American Depositary Shares representing Ordinary Shares (“ADSs”), (c) debt securities in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt (“Debt Securities”) and (d) warrants for the purchase of Ordinary Shares, Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs and/or Debt Securities in one or more series, in each case to the public in a registered offering or offerings, with an aggregate offering price of up to US$200,000,000.

1.4

In accordance with the terms of a New York law governed at the market offering agreement dated 15 May 2024 between H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Sales Agent”) and the Company (the “Sales Agreement”), the Company may offer and sell ADSs having an aggregate offering price of up to US$15,000,000 (the “Placement ADSs” and the new Ordinary Shares to be represented by the Placement ADSs, the “New Shares”) from time to time through the Sales Agent pursuant to the Prospectus Supplement.

1.5

We are rendering this letter at the request of the Company in connection with the Registration Statement and the Prospectus Supplement. We have taken instructions solely from the Company.

1.6

Except as otherwise defined in this letter, capitalised terms used have the respective meanings given to them in the Registration Statement and headings are for ease of reference only and shall not affect interpretation.

Cooley (UK) LLP 22 Bishopsgate London EC2N 4BQ, UK
t: +44 (0) 20 7583 4055 f: +44 (0) 20 7785 9355 cooley.com

Cooley (UK) LLP is a limited liability partnership and is registered in England and Wales with registered number OC395270. Our registered office is at the address above. Cooley (UK) LLP is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA number 617791). A list of the members of Cooley (UK) LLP and their professional qualifications is open to inspection at its registered office. The word 'partner,' used in relation to Cooley (UK) LLP, refers to a member of Cooley (UK) LLP or an employee or consultant of Cooley (UK) LLP (or any affiliated firm) of equivalent standing.

Page 2

1.7

All references to legislation in this letter are to the legislation of England unless the contrary is indicated, and any reference to any provision of any legislation shall include any amendment, modification, re-enactment or extension thereof, as in force on the date of this letter.

DOCUMENTS

For the purpose of issuing this letter, we have reviewed the following documents only:

2.1

a PDF executed copy of the Sales Agreement;

2.2

a PDF copy of the Prospectus Supplement to be filed on 15 May 2024;

2.3

a PDF copy of the Registration Statement (including the Base Prospectus); and

2.4

a PDF executed copy of a certificate dated 15 May 2024 signed by the Company’s company secretary (the “Secretary’s Certificate”) relating to certain factual matters as at the date of the Secretary’s Certificate and having annexed thereto copies (certified by the Company’s company secretary as being true, complete, accurate and up-to-date in each case) of the following documents:

(a)

a PDF copy of the articles of association of the Company adopted on 15 December 2023 (the “Articles”);

(b)

PDF copies of the certificate of incorporation of the Company as a public company dated 15 March 2018 and the certificate of incorporation of the Company on change of name dated 23 June 2021;

(c)

a PDF executed copy of the written resolutions passed by the board of directors of the Company (the “Board” or the “Directors”) on 15 May 2024 in which it was resolved, inter alia, to (i) approve the Sales Agreement, (ii) authorise either of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company (collectively, the “Authorised Officers”) to execute and deliver the Sales Agreement, (iii) constitute a pricing committee of the Board for the purpose of authorising sales under the Sales Agreement (the “Pricing Committee”), (iv) approve the offer, allotment, issue and sale by the Company of ADSs pursuant to the Sales Agreement for an aggregate amount of up to US$15,000,000, at the price and upon such terms as the Board or the Pricing Committee shall approve, (v) authorise and direct the Chief Executive Officer to negotiate the terms of the sale of Placement ADSs subject to any and all restrictions and parameters placed on the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to resolutions adopted by the Board or the Pricing Committee and (vi) proceed with the preparation, execution and filing with the SEC of the Prospectus Supplement (the “Written Board Resolutions”); and

(d)

a PDF executed copy of an extract of the resolutions passed at the general meeting of the Company held on 22 April 2024 (the “2024 General Meeting”) at which it was resolved, inter alia, to (i) authorise the Directors for the purposes of section 551 of the Companies Act 2006, as amended (the “Companies Act”) to allot shares and grant rights to subscribe for, or convert any security into, shares of the Company up to an aggregate nominal amount of £128,391 and allot further equity securities up to an aggregate nominal amount of £122,277 in connection with a pre-emptive offer; and (ii) empower the Directors to allot equity securities (as defined in section 560 of the Companies Act) pursuant to the authority granted under (i) above in connection with a pre-emptive offering and otherwise for cash up to an aggregate nominal amount of £128,391 as if section 561(1) of the Companies Act did not apply to the allotment (the “GM Resolutions”).

SEARCHES

In addition to examining the documents referred to in paragraph 2 (Documents), we have carried out the following searches only:

Page 3

3.1

an online search at Companies House in England and Wales (“Companies House”) with respect to the Company, carried out at 8:40 a.m. (London time) on 15 May 2024 (the “Companies House Search”); and

3.2

an online enquiry of the Central Registry of Winding-up Petitions at the Insolvency and Companies List in England and Wales (the “Central Registry”) with respect to the Company, carried out at 10:02 a.m. (London time) on 15 May 2024 (the “Central Registry Enquiry” and, together with the Companies House Search, the “Searches”).

OPINION

Subject to the assumptions set out in paragraph 5 (Assumptions), the scope of the opinion set out in paragraph 6 (Scope of Opinion) and the reservations set out in paragraph 7 (Reservations), we are of the opinion that, as at the date of this letter, the New Shares, once they have been allotted and issued, delivered and paid for as described in the Prospectus Supplement in accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement and registered in the name of the recipient in the register of members of the Company, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and will not be subject to any call for payment of further capital.

ASSUMPTIONS

In giving the opinion in this letter, we have assumed (without making enquiry or investigation) that:

5.1

all signatures, stamps and seals on all documents are genuine. All original documents are complete, authentic and up-to-date, and all documents submitted to us as a copy (whether by email or otherwise) are complete and accurate and conform to the original documents of which they are copies and that no amendments (whether oral, in writing or by conduct of the parties) have been made to any of the documents since they were examined by us;

5.2

where a document has been examined by us in draft or specimen form, it will be or has been duly executed in the form of that draft or specimen;

5.3

each of the individuals who signs as, or otherwise claims to be, an officer of the Company is the individual whom they claim to be and holds the office that they claim to hold;

5.4

where a document is required to be delivered, each party to it has delivered the same without it being subject to any escrow or similar arrangement;

5.5

all documents, forms and notices which should have been delivered to Companies House in respect of the Company have been and will be so delivered;

5.6

the information revealed by the Searches is true, accurate, complete and up-to-date in all respects, and there is no information which should have been disclosed by the Searches that has not been disclosed for any reason and there has been no alteration in the status or condition of the Company since the date and time that the Searches were made, and that the results of the Searches will remain true, complete, accurate and up-to-date as at the date of this letter and as at each date of the allotment and issue of the New Shares (each such date, a “Bring-Down Date”);

5.7

no notice has been received by the Company which could lead to the Company being struck off the register of companies under section 1000 of the Companies Act and no such notice shall have been received as at each Bring-Down Date;

5.8

the Articles remain in full force and effect and no alteration has been made or will be made to the Articles, as at the date of this letter and as at each Bring-Down Date;

5.9

to the extent that the obligations of the Company under the Sales Agreement may be dependent upon such matters, each of the parties to the Sales Agreement (other than, to the extent expressly set out in the opinion given in this letter, the Company):

Page 4

(a)

is duly organised, validly existing and in good standing (where such concept is legally relevant) under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation;

(b)

is in compliance, generally, with all applicable laws, rules and regulations to which it is subject, its constitutional documents and any judicial or administrative judgements, awards, injunctions or orders binding upon it or its property;

(c)

has the capacity, power and authority to execute, deliver and perform the Sales Agreement;

(d)

is duly qualified to engage in the activities contemplated by the Sales Agreement and will not be in breach of any of its respective obligations under any document, contract, instrument or agreement as a result of its entry into and performance of its obligations under the Sales Agreement;

(e)

is authorised under all applicable laws of its jurisdiction and domicile to submit to the jurisdiction of the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York as specified in the Sales Agreement and has validly submitted to such jurisdiction; and

(f)

has validly authorised, executed and delivered all relevant documents;

and that each of the foregoing remains the case as at each Bring-Down Date;

5.10

the Sales Agreement (and any other documents referred to therein) constitutes legal, valid and binding obligations of each of the parties thereto enforceable under all applicable laws and that the Sales Agreement will remain in full force and effect at each Bring-Down Date;

5.11

at the time of each allotment and issue of the New Shares, the Company shall have received for such shares “cash consideration” (as defined in section 583(3) of the Companies Act) and the Company shall have entered the holder or holders thereof in the register of members of the Company showing that all such shares have been fully paid up as to their nominal value and any premium thereon as at the date of each such allotment;

5.12

the Sales Agreement remains accurate and complete and has not been amended, modified, terminated or otherwise discharged as at the date of this letter, and that the Sales Agreement will remain accurate and complete at each Bring-Down Date;

5.13

there is an absence of fraud or mutual mistake of fact or law or any other arrangements, agreements, understandings or course of conduct or prior or subsequent dealings amending, rescinding or modifying or suspending any of the terms of the Sales Agreement or which would result in the inclusion of additional terms therein, and that the parties have acted in accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement;

5.14

in relation to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus Supplement and the allotment and issue of the New Shares, the Directors have acted and will act in the manner required by section 172 of the Companies Act and that each issuance of the New Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus Supplement will be made in good faith and on bona fide commercial terms and on arms’ length terms and for the purposes of carrying on the business of the Company;

5.15

the Company is, and the Company and each party to the Sales Agreement will at all times remain, in compliance with all applicable anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, anti-terrorism, sanctions and human rights laws and regulations;

5.16

the Registration Statement has become effective under the Securities Act, and such effectiveness shall not have been terminated or rescinded prior to each Bring-Down Date, and the Prospectus Supplement will be filed with the SEC on or about 15 May 2024;

5.17

the resolutions set out in the Written Board Resolutions referred to in paragraph 2.4 (Documents) were validly passed as written resolutions of the Board in accordance with the Articles, that all eligible Directors (being all the Directors who would have been entitled to vote

Page 5

on the matter had it been proposed as a resolution at a meeting of the Board but excluding any Director whose vote is not to be counted in respect of a particular matter) have signed one or more copies of the Written Board Resolutions that all relevant provisions of the Companies Act and the Articles were complied with and the Articles were duly observed (including, if applicable, those relating to the declaration of Directors’ interests or the power of interested Directors to vote) and such resolutions were duly adopted, and have not been revoked or varied and remain in full force and effect as at the date of this letter and each Bring-Down Date;

5.18

the 2024 General Meeting was duly convened and held on 22 April 2024 at which all constitutional, statutory and other formalities were duly observed, a quorum of shareholders was present throughout and the GM Resolutions referred to in paragraph 2.4 (Documents) were duly passed and have not been revoked or varied and remain in full force and effect, and that all filings required to be made with Companies House in connection therewith were made within the relevant time limits;

5.19

all of the New Shares will be allotted and issued pursuant to the authority and power granted to the Directors pursuant to section 551 and section 570 of the Companies Act, respectively, under resolutions 2 and 4, respectively, of the GM Resolutions, or if the relevant authorities and powers under the GM Resolutions have expired or been fully utilised, the Company in general meeting having duly and validly resolved to grant such authorities and powers to the Directors, and the Directors shall not allot or issue (or purport to allot or issue) New Shares and shall not grant rights (or purport to grant rights) to acquire New Shares in excess of such powers or in breach of any other limitation on their power to allot and issue New Shares or grant rights to acquire New Shares;

5.20

the ordinary and special resolutions referred to in paragraph 5.18 above will be passed at a general meeting of the Company duly convened and held at which all constitutional, statutory and other formalities will be duly observed, a quorum of shareholders will be present throughout and the shareholder resolutions will have been duly passed and will not have been revoked or varied and will remain in full force and effect, and that all filings required to be made with Companies House in connection therewith will have been made within the relevant time limits;

5.21

any sales of Placement ADSs will be made in accordance with the limitations imposed by the Board or the Pricing Committee as set out in any applicable resolution of the Board or the Pricing Committee;

5.22

the contents of the Secretary’s Certificate were true and not misleading when given and remain true and not misleading as at the date of this letter and will remain so as at each Bring-Down Date, and there is no fact or matter not referred to in the Secretary’s Certificate which would make any of the information in the Secretary’s Certificate inaccurate or misleading;

5.23

the Authorised Officers appointed and authorised to execute the Sales Agreement on behalf of the Company were so appointed and authorised;

5.24

the persons executing the Sales Agreement on behalf of the Company were the Authorised Officers and their authority had not been revoked;

5.25

there will be no fact or matter (such as bad faith, coercion, duress, undue influence or a mistake or misrepresentation before or at the time any agreement or instrument is entered into, a subsequent breach, release, waiver or variation of any right or provision, an entitlement to rectification or circumstances giving rise to an estoppel) which might affect the allotment and issue of the New Shares;

5.26

as at the date of this letter and each Bring-Down Date, the Company has not and will not have taken any corporate or other action and no steps have been or will be taken or legal proceedings have been or will be started against the Company for the liquidation, winding-up, dissolution, reorganisation or bankruptcy of, or for the appointment of a liquidator, receiver, trustee, administrator, administrative receiver or similar officer of, the Company or all or any of its assets (or any analogous proceedings in any jurisdiction) and the Company is not and will not be unable to pay its debts as they fall due within the meaning of section 123 of the Insolvency Act 1986, as amended (the “Insolvency Act”) or will become unable to pay its debts within the

Page 6

meaning of that section as a result of any of the transactions contemplated in this letter, is or will become insolvent or has been or will be dissolved or declared bankrupt;

5.27

all agreements and documents examined by us that are governed by the laws of any jurisdiction other than England are on the date of this letter legal, valid and binding under the laws by which they are (or are expected to be) governed, and will remain so on each Bring-Down Date;

5.28

there are no provisions of the laws of any jurisdiction outside England that would have any implication for the opinion which we express in this letter and that, insofar as the laws of any jurisdiction outside England may be relevant to this letter, such laws have been and will be complied with;

5.29

we note that the Sales Agreement provides that it is to be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. We express no opinion as to any matters governed by the laws of the State of New York. As lawyers not qualified in New York, we are not qualified or able to assess the true meaning or import of the terms of the Sales Agreement under the laws of the State of New York, and we have made no investigation of such meaning or import. Therefore, our review of the Sales Agreement has been limited to their terms as they appear to us on their face. We have assumed that the choice of the laws of the State of New York in the Sales Agreement is valid as a matter of the laws of the State of New York and the Sales Agreement and the provisions therein are valid, binding and enforceable under the laws of the State of New York and the law of any other jurisdiction whose law applies, other than law covered expressly in an opinion included in this letter. We have also assumed that, under the laws of the State of New York, any court named in the forum selection clauses of the Sales Agreement will have jurisdiction over the parties and the subject matter of any action brought in that court under the Sales Agreement;

5.30

all statements of fact and representations and warranties as to matters of fact (except as to matters expressly set out in the opinion given in this letter) contained in or made in connection with any of the documents examined by us were true and correct as at the date given and are true and correct at today’s date and as at each Bring-Down Date and no fact was omitted therefrom which would have made any of such facts, representations or warranties incorrect or misleading;

5.31

all consents, licences, approvals, authorisations, notices, filings and registrations that are necessary under any applicable laws or regulations in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and/or the Prospectus Supplement have been or will be duly made or obtained and are, or will be, in full force and effect;

5.32

no Placement ADSs or New Shares have been or shall be offered to the public in the United Kingdom in breach of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended (the “FSMA”), the EU Prospectus Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2017/1129) as it forms part of domestic law in the United Kingdom by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (the “Withdrawal Act”) (the “UK Prospectus Regulation”) or of any other United Kingdom laws or regulations concerning offers of securities to the public, and no communication has been or shall be made in relation to the Placement ADSs or the New Shares in breach of section 21 (Restrictions on financial promotion) of the FSMA or any other United Kingdom laws or regulations relating to offers or invitations to subscribe for, or to acquire rights to subscribe for or otherwise acquire, shares or other securities;

5.33

in offering and selling the Placement ADSs, and issuing the New Shares, the Company is not carrying on a regulated activity for the purposes of section 19 of FSMA; and

5.34

all applicable provisions of the EU Market Abuse Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 596/2014) as it forms part of domestic law in the United Kingdom by virtue of the Withdrawal Act (“UK MAR”), the UK Prospectus Regulation, the FSMA, the Financial Services Act 2012 (the “FS Act”), and all rules and regulations made pursuant to UK MAR, the UK Prospectus Regulation, the FSMA and the FS Act, have been and will be complied with as regards anything done in relation to the Placement ADSs or the New Shares or otherwise in relation to the Sales Agreement, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus Supplement and the transactions contemplated

Page 7

thereby in, from or otherwise involving England (including, without limitation, articles 14 (Prohibition of insider dealing and of unlawful disclosure of inside information) and 15 (Prohibition of market manipulation) of UK MAR, sections 19 (The general prohibition) and 21 (Restrictions on financial promotion) of the FSMA and sections 89 (Misleading statements), 90 (Misleading impressions) and 91 (Misleading statements etc. in relation to benchmarks) of the FS Act).

SCOPE OF OPINION

6.1

The opinion given in this letter is limited to English law as it would be applied by English courts on the date of this letter.

6.2

We express no opinion in this letter on the laws of any other jurisdiction. We have not investigated the laws of any country other than England and we assume that no foreign law affects any of the opinion stated in paragraph 4 (Opinion).

6.3

We express no opinion as to any agreement, instrument or other document other than as specified in this letter. For the purposes of giving the opinion in paragraph 4 (Opinion), we have only examined and relied on those documents set out in paragraph 2 (Documents) and made those searches and enquiries set out in paragraph 3 (Searches), respectively. We have made no further enquiries concerning the Company or any other matter in connection with the giving of the opinion in paragraph 4 (Opinion).

6.4

No opinion is expressed with respect to taxation in the United Kingdom or otherwise in this letter.

6.5

We have not been responsible for investigating or verifying the accuracy of the facts or the reasonableness of any statement of opinion or intention, contained in or relevant to any document referred to in this letter, or that no material facts have been omitted therefrom.

6.6

The opinion given in this letter is given on the basis of each of the assumptions set out in paragraph 5 (Assumptions) and is subject to each of the reservations set out in paragraph 7 (Reservations) to this letter. The opinion given in this letter is strictly limited to the matters stated in paragraph 4 (Opinion) and does not extend, and should not be read as extending, by implication or otherwise, to any other matters.

6.7

This letter only applies to those facts and circumstances which exist as at today’s date and we assume no obligation or responsibility to update or supplement this letter to reflect any facts or circumstances which may subsequently come to our attention, any changes in laws which may occur after today, or to inform the addressee of any change in circumstances happening after the date of this letter which would alter the opinion given in this letter.

6.8

We have not been responsible for investigation or verification of statements of fact (including statements as to foreign law) or the reasonableness of any statements of opinion in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, or that no material facts have been omitted therefrom.

6.9

This letter is given by Cooley (UK) LLP and no partner or employee assumes any personal responsibility for it nor shall owe any duty of care in respect of it.

6.10

This letter, the opinion given in it, and any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in connection with this letter and/or the opinion given in it, are governed by and shall be construed in accordance with English law as at the date of this letter.

RESERVATIONS

7.1

The Companies House Search described at paragraph 3.1 (Searches) is not capable of revealing conclusively whether or not:

(a)

a winding-up order has been made or a resolution passed for the winding-up of a company;

Page 8

(b)

an administration order has been made; or

(c)

a receiver, administrative receiver, administrator or liquidator has been appointed,

since notice of these matters may not be filed with the Registrar of Companies in England and Wales immediately and, when filed, may not be entered on the public database or recorded on the public microfiches of the relevant company immediately.

In addition, such a company search is not capable of revealing, prior to the making of the relevant order, whether or not a winding-up petition or a petition for an administration order has been presented.

7.2

The Central Registry Enquiry described at paragraph 3.2 (Searches) relates only to a compulsory winding-up and is not capable of revealing conclusively whether or not a winding-up petition in respect of a compulsory winding-up has been presented, since details of the petition may not have been entered on the records of the Central Registry immediately or, in the case of a petition presented to a District Registry and/or County Court in England and Wales, may not have been notified to the Central Registry and entered on such records at all, and the response to an enquiry only relates to the period since approximately 2016 for petitions presented in London and since approximately 2019 for petitions presented to a District Registry and/or County Court in England and Wales. We have not made enquiries of any District Registry or County Court in England and Wales.

7.3

The opinion set out in this letter is subject to: (i) any limitations arising from applicable laws relating to insolvency, bankruptcy, administration, reorganisation, liquidation, moratoria, schemes or analogous circumstances; and (ii) an English court exercising its discretion under section 426 of the Insolvency Act (co-operation between courts exercising jurisdiction in relation to insolvency) to assist the courts having the corresponding jurisdiction in any part of the United Kingdom or any relevant country or territory.

7.4

We express no opinion as to matters of fact.

7.5

Save for the matters set out in the Secretary’s Certificate, we have made no enquiries of any individual connected with the Company. We have relied entirely on the facts, statements and confirmations contained in the Secretary’s Certificate and we have not undertaken any independent investigation or verification of the matters referred to in the Secretary’s Certificate.

7.6

If (a) any party to the Sales Agreement is the target of economic or financial sanctions or other restrictive measures imposed in any jurisdiction (“Sanctions”) or is owned or controlled (directly or indirectly) by or is acting on behalf of or at the direction of or is otherwise connected with a person who is a target of Sanctions or (b) any party to the Sales Agreement is incorporated or resident in or operating from a country or territory that is a target of Sanctions or (c) the rights or obligations of any party to the Sales Agreement is otherwise affected by Sanctions, then the rights and obligations of such person under the Sales Agreement may be void and/or unenforceable.

7.7

We express no opinion in this letter on the application or potential application of the National Security and Investment Act 2021 in relation to the Sales Agreement, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus Supplement or any transaction contemplated thereby.

DISCLOSURE AND RELIANCE

8.1

This letter is addressed to you solely for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement, the Prospectus Supplement and the transactions contemplated thereunder. We consent to the filing of this letter as an exhibit to the current report on Form 8-K to be filed with the SEC in relation to the Sales Agreement and the Prospectus Supplement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Page 9

8.2

This letter may not be relied upon by you for any other purpose, or furnished to, assigned to, quoted to, or relied upon by any other person, firm or other entity for any purpose without our prior written consent, which may be granted or withheld at our sole discretion.

Yours faithfully

/s/ Cooley (UK) LLP

Cooley (UK) LLP

Document And Entity Information	May 15, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	8-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	May 15, 2024
Entity Registrant Name	Renalytix plc
Entity Central Index Key	0001811115
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Securities Act File Number	001-39387
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	X0
Entity Tax Identification Number	00-0000000
Entity Address, Address Line One	2 Leman Street
Entity Address, City or Town	London E1W 9US
Entity Address, Country	GB
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	E1W 9US
City Area Code	+44
Local Phone Number	20 3139 2910
Written Communications	false
Soliciting Material	false
Pre-commencement Tender Offer	false
Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Ordinary shares, nominal value £0.0025 per ordinary share
No Trading Symbol Flag	true
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
American Depositary Shares [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	American Depositary Shares, each representing two ordinary shares, nominal value £0.0025 per ordinary share
Trading Symbol	RNLX
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ