EQX Equinox Gold Corporation

Filed Pursuant to General Instruction II.L of Form F-10
File No. 333-282467

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

To the Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus Dated October 1, 2024

$139,904,763

24,761,905 Common Shares

This prospectus supplement (this “Prospectus Supplement”), together with the accompanying short form base shelf prospectus dated October 1, 2024 (the “Shelf Prospectus”), qualifies the distribution (the “Offering”) of 24,761,905 common shares (the “Offered Shares”) in the share capital of Equinox Gold Corp. (“Equinox Gold”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) at a price of $5.65 per Offered Share (the “Offering Price”) by Ninety Fourth Investment Company LLC (the “Selling Shareholder”), an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of Mubadala Investment Company PJSC (“Mubadala”). The Offering is being made pursuant to an underwriting agreement dated October 4, 2024 (the “Underwriting Agreement”) among the Company, the Selling Shareholder and BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. (“BMO”), as underwriter (the “Underwriter”). The Offering is being made concurrently in Canada under the terms of this Prospectus Supplement and in the United States under the terms of the Company’s registration statement on Form F-10 (File No. 333-282467) (the “Registration Statement”), filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), of which this Prospectus Supplement forms a part. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflict of Interest)”. The Company will not receive any of the proceeds of the Offering. See “Use of Proceeds” and “Selling Shareholder”.

Mubadala currently beneficially owns 44,761,905 common shares of the Company (the “Common Shares”), representing approximately 9.45% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares on an as-converted basis, including the Offered Shares and 20,000,000 Common Shares underlying the 2020 Notes (as defined herein) held directly by MDC Industry Holding Company LLC (“MDCI”), an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of Mubadala and an affiliate of the Selling Shareholder. Upon completion of the Offering, Mubadala will beneficially own approximately 4.22% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares on an as-converted basis, which represents 20,000,000 Common Shares underlying the 2020 Notes. See “Selling Shareholder”.

The Offering Price has been determined by arm’s length negotiations between the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter, with reference to the prevailing market price of the Common Shares.

The Common Shares are listed and posted for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”) and on the NYSE American LLC (the “NYSE American”) under the symbol “EQX”. On October 3, 2024, the last trading day before the date hereof, the closing price per share of our Common Shares was C$7.91 on the TSX and $5.85 on the NYSE American.

Price $5.65 per Offered Share

The Underwriter, as principal, conditionally offers the Offered Shares, subject to prior sale, if, as and when sold by the Selling Shareholder and accepted by the Underwriter in accordance with the conditions contained in the Underwriting Agreement referred to under “Plan of Distribution (Conflict of Interest)” and subject to approval of certain Canadian legal matters on behalf of the Company by Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP, certain United States legal matters on behalf of the Company by Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, certain Canadian legal matters on behalf of the Underwriter by Stikeman Elliott LLP, certain United States legal matters on behalf of the Underwriter by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, certain Canadian legal matters on behalf of the Selling Shareholder by McCarthy Tétrault LLP and certain United States legal matters on behalf of the Selling Shareholder by Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP.

Securities legislation in certain of the provinces and territories of Canada provides purchasers with the right to withdraw from an agreement to purchase securities. See “Purchasers’ Statutory Rights”.

Subscriptions for the Offered Shares will be received subject to rejection or allotment in whole or in part and the right is reserved to close the subscription books at any time without notice. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflict of Interest)”.

It is expected that the completion of the sale of the Offered Shares pursuant to the Offering (the “Closing”) will take place on or about October 9, 2024, or on such other date as may be agreed upon by the Company, the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter and, in any event, on or before a date not later than 42 days from the date of this Prospectus Supplement (the “Closing Date”). Except as may be otherwise agreed by the Company, the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter, the Offering will be conducted under the book-based system operated by CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc. (“CDS”). A subscriber who purchases Offered Shares will receive only a customary confirmation from the registered dealer from or through whom Offered Shares are purchased and who is a CDS participant. CDS will record the CDS participants who hold Offered Shares on behalf of owners who have purchased Offered Shares in accordance with the book-based system. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflict of Interest)”.

In connection with the Offering and subject to applicable laws, the Underwriter may over-allot or effect transactions that stabilize or maintain the market price of the Common Shares in accordance with applicable market stabilization rules. Such transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. The Offered Shares sold by the Underwriter to the public will initially be offered at the Offering Price. After the Underwriter has made a reasonable effort to sell all of the Offered Shares at the Offering Price specified on the cover page, the Underwriter may change the Offering Price and the other selling terms to an amount not greater than the Offering Price set forth on the cover page, and the compensation realized by the Underwriter will be decreased by the amount that the aggregate price paid by the purchasers for the Offered Share is less than the gross proceeds paid by the Underwriter to the Selling Shareholder. The Underwriter may decrease the price for which the Offered Shares are distributed from the Offering Price. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflict of Interest)”.

This Offering is made by a Canadian issuer that is permitted, under a multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States and Canada, to prepare this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements. Investors should be aware that such requirements are different from those of the United States. Financial statements included or incorporated herein by reference have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”) and thus may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies.

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Purchasers of the Offered Shares should be aware that the acquisition, holding or disposition of the Offered Shares may have tax consequences both in Canada and the United States. Such consequences for purchasers who are resident in, or citizens of, Canada or the United States may not be described fully herein. Prospective purchasers are advised to consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of Canadian and/or U.S. federal income tax laws to their particular circumstances, as well as any other provincial, state, foreign and other tax consequences of acquiring, holding or disposing of the Offered Shares and related securities. See “Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations” and “Certain U.S. Federal Income Taxation Considerations”.

NEITHER THE SEC, NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES REGULATOR, HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY OR PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE ACCOMPANYING SHELF PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENCE.

An affiliate of BMO is a lender to the Company under the Company’s fourth amended and restated credit agreement dated May 13, 2024, as amended by a first amending agreement dated as of May 15, 2024 (the “Amended Credit Agreement”). Consequently, the Company may be considered to be a “connected issuer” as defined in National Instrument 33-105 – Underwriting Conflicts of the Underwriter to BMO under applicable securities laws in certain Canadian provinces and territories. See “Conflict of Interest”.

Investing in the Offered Shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks outlined in the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein for a discussion of certain considerations relevant to an investment in the Offered Shares. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information” and “Risk Factors”.

The Company’s head and registered office is located at Suite 1501 – 700 West Pender Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 1G8.

Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts and references to “$” are to United States dollars and references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars.

The enforcement by investors of civil liabilities under the United States federal securities laws may be affected adversely by the fact that we are incorporated or organized under the laws of a foreign country, that some or all of our officers and directors may be residents of a foreign country, that the Underwriter and that some or all of the experts named in this Prospectus Supplement and accompanying Shelf Prospectus may be residents of a foreign country and that all or a substantial portion of the assets of the Company and said persons may be located outside the United States. See “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities”.

Marshall Koval and Fraz Siddiqui, both directors of the Company, reside outside of Canada and have appointed Equinox Gold Corp., located at Suite 1501, 700 West Pender Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 1G8, Canada as their agent for service of process in Canada. The Selling Shareholder is organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and has appointed McCarthy Tétrault LLP, located at 745 Thurlow Street, Suite 2400, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 0C5, Canada as its agent for service of process in Canada. See “Agent for Service of Process”. Each of Gabriel Secrest, P.E., Laurie M. Tahija, P.E., Stephen La Brooy, FAusIMM, Mark B. Mathisen, C.P.G., R. Douglas Bartlett, PG, C.P.G., Bruce Davis, FAusIMM, Nathan Robison, P.E., Jeffrey Woods, SME MMAS, Hugo R. A. Filho, MAusIMM (CP), Felipe M. Araújo, MAusIMM (CP), Gunter C. Lipper, M.Sc., FAusIMM, Tiãozito V. Cardoso, MBA, FAusIMM and César A. Torresini, FAusIMM, each a “qualified person” under National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”) and each required to file a consent with this Prospectus Supplement, also reside outside of Canada. Purchasers are advised that it may not be possible for investors to enforce judgments obtained in Canada against any person or company that is incorporated, continued or otherwise organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction or that resides outside of Canada, even if the person or company has appointed an agent for service of process in Canada.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE SHELF PROSPECTUS

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

This document is in two parts. The first part is this Prospectus Supplement, which describes the terms of the Offering and adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying Shelf Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference therein. The second part is the Shelf Prospectus, which gives more general information, some of which may not apply to the Offering. This Prospectus Supplement is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Shelf Prospectus solely for the purpose of this Offering.

None of the Company, the Selling Shareholder or the Underwriter have authorized anyone to provide readers with information different from that contained in this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus (or incorporated by reference herein or therein). Neither the Company nor the Selling Shareholder take responsibility for, and can provide assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give readers of this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus. If the description of the Offered Shares or any other information varies between this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus (including the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein), you should rely on the information in this Prospectus Supplement. The Offered Shares are not being offered in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Readers should not assume that the information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date of this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus or the respective dates of the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein, unless otherwise noted herein. It should be assumed that the information appearing in this Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying Shelf Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein are accurate only as of their respective dates. The business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects of the Company may have changed since those dates.

This Prospectus Supplement shall not be used by anyone for any purpose other than in connection with the Offering. The Company does not undertake to update the information contained or incorporated by reference herein or in the Shelf Prospectus, except as required by applicable securities laws. Information contained on, or otherwise accessed through, the Company’s website shall not be deemed to be a part of this Prospectus Supplement or the accompanying Shelf Prospectus and such information is not incorporated by reference herein or therein.

CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS REGARDING PRESENTATION OF

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

We are permitted under the multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the securities regulatory authorities in Canada and the United States to prepare this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, in accordance with the requirements of Canadian securities law, which differ from the requirements of United States securities laws. Financial statements included or incorporated by reference herein have been prepared in accordance with IFRS and thus may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies.

CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS REGARDING PRESENTATION OF

MINERAL RESERVE AND MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES

Disclosure regarding the Company’s mineral properties, including with respect to mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates included in this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, was prepared in accordance with NI 43-101. NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure

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an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. NI 43-101 differs significantly from the disclosure requirements of the SEC generally applicable to U.S. companies. Accordingly, information contained in this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus is not comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies reporting pursuant to SEC disclosure requirements.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying Shelf Prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements and information include, but are not limited to:

Forward-looking statements or information generally identified by the use of the words “will”, “advancing”, “strategy”, “plans”, “budget”, “anticipated”, “expected”, “estimated” and similar expressions and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “should”, “will be taken” or “be achieved”, or

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the negative connotation of such terms, are intended to identify forward-looking statements and information. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements and information are reasonable, undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements since the Company can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. The Company has based these forward-looking statements and information on the Company’s current expectations and projections about future events and these assumptions include:

While the Company considers these assumptions to be reasonable based on information currently available, they may prove to be incorrect. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on the forward-looking statements or information contained in this Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying Shelf Prospectus, and the

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documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. The Company cautions that forward-looking statements and information involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements or information contained in this Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying Shelf Prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, and the Company has made assumptions and estimates based on or related to many of these factors. Such factors include, without limitation:

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein. This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of the Company’s forward-looking statements and information. Forward-looking statements and information are designed to help readers understand management’s views as of that time with respect to future events and speak only as of the date they are made. Except as required by applicable securities laws, the Company does not assume any obligation and does not intend to update or to publicly announce the results of any change to any forward-looking statement or information contained or incorporated by reference to reflect actual results, future events or developments, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting the forward-looking statements and information. If the Company updates any one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that the Company will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements and information contained in Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying Shelf Prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. See “Risk Factors” in this Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying Shelf Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein for a discussion of certain factors investors should carefully consider before deciding to invest in the Offered Shares.

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

This Prospectus Supplement is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the accompanying Shelf Prospectus solely for the purposes of the Offering.

Information has been incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement from documents filed with the securities commissions or similar authorities in each of the provinces and territories of Canada and filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference may be obtained on request without charge from the Corporate Secretary of Equinox Gold Corp. by mail at Suite 1501 – 700 West Pender Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 1G8, or by telephone at +1 604-558-0560 and are also available electronically under the Company’s profile on System for Electronic Data Analysis and Retrieval + (“SEDAR+”) at www.sedarplus.ca and on the SEC’s Electronic Document Gathering and Retrieval system (“EDGAR”) at www.sec.gov. The filings of the Company on SEDAR+ and EDGAR are not incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement except as specifically set out herein.

The following documents, filed by the Company with securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada, which have also been filed with, or furnished to, the SEC, are specifically incorporated by reference into, and form an integral part of, this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Shelf Prospectus:

Any document of the type referred to in paragraphs (1) – (8) above or similar material and any documents required by section 11.1 of Form 44-101F1 of National Instrument 44-101 – Short Form Prospectus Distributions to be incorporated by reference into a short form prospectus, including any annual information forms, all material change reports (excluding confidential reports, if any), all annual and interim financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis relating thereto, information circular or amendments thereto and any template version of “marketing materials” (as defined in NI 41-101) filed by the Company with any securities commissions or similar regulatory authority in Canada after the date of this Prospectus Supplement and during the period that this Prospectus Supplement is effective, will be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement and will automatically update and supersede information contained or

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incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference contain meaningful and material information relating to the Company and readers should review all information contained in this Prospectus Supplement, the accompanying Shelf Prospectus and the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein and therein.

Any statement contained in this Prospectus Supplement, in the accompanying Shelf Prospectus or in any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein or therein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded, for purposes of this Prospectus Supplement, to the extent that a statement contained herein or in the accompanying Shelf Prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document which also is, or is deemed to be, incorporated by reference herein or in the accompanying Shelf Prospectus modifies or supersedes such prior statement. The modifying or superseding statement need not state that it has modified or superseded a prior statement or include any other information set forth in the document that it modifies or supersedes. The making of a modifying or superseding statement shall not be deemed an admission for any purposes that the modified or superseded statement when made, constituted a misrepresentation, an untrue statement of a material fact or an omission to state a material fact that is required to be stated or that is necessary to prevent a statement that is made from being false or misleading in the circumstances in which it was made. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute part of this Prospectus Supplement.

Documents and information in an annual report on Form 40-F or a report on Form 6-K filed or furnished by the Company with or to the SEC under the Exchange Act, from the date of this Prospectus Supplement and prior to the completion of the Offering, shall be deemed incorporated by reference into this Prospectus Supplement and the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus Supplement forms a part, if and to, the extent in the case of any Report on Form 6-K, expressly provided in such document. In addition, we may incorporate by reference into this Prospectus Supplement, or the Registration Statement of which it forms a part, other information from documents that we file with or furnish to the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, if and to the extent expressly provided therein.

References to our website in any documents that are incorporated by reference into this Prospectus Supplement and the Shelf Prospectus do not incorporate by reference the information on such website into this Prospectus Supplement or the Shelf Prospectus, and we disclaim any such incorporation by reference.

MARKETING MATERIALS

In connection with the Offering, the Underwriter may use “marketing materials” (as such term is defined in NI 44-101 – Short Form Prospectus Distributions). The marketing materials do not form part of this Prospectus Supplement and the Shelf Prospectus to the extent that the contents of the marketing materials have been modified or superseded by a statement contained in this Prospectus Supplement. Any template version of any “marketing materials” filed after the date of this Prospectus Supplement and before the termination of the distribution of the securities offered pursuant to this Prospectus Supplement (together with the Shelf Prospectus) is deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement.

DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT

The following documents referred to in the Shelf Prospectus or in this Prospectus Supplement have been or will (through post-effective amendment or incorporation by reference) be filed with the SEC as part of the Registration Statement on Form F-10 of which this Prospectus Supplement and the Shelf Prospectus forms a part:

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information included and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement is determined using IFRS, which differs from United States generally accepted accounting principles.

CURRENCY PRESENTATION AND EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

The financial statements of the Company incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement are reported in American dollars. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts and references to “$” are to United States dollars and references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars.

The following table sets forth for each period indicated: (i) the exchange rates in effect at the end of the period; (ii) the high and low exchange rates during such period; and (iii) the average exchange rates for such period, for one Canadian dollar, expressed in U.S. dollars, as quoted by the Bank of Canada.

On October 3, 2024, the last trading day preceding the date of this Prospectus Supplement, the daily exchange rate as quoted by the Bank of Canada was C$1.00 = $0.7386 ($1.00 = C$1.3540).

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THE COMPANY

The following description of the Company is, in some instances, derived from selected information about us contained in the documents incorporated by reference into this Prospectus Supplement. This description does not contain all of the information about us and our properties and business that you should consider before investing in any securities. You should carefully read the Prospectus Supplement and the Shelf Prospectus, including the section titled “Risk Factors”, as well as the documents incorporated by reference into this Prospectus Supplement and the Shelf Prospectus, before making an investment decision.

Corporate Structure

Equinox Gold is a growth-focused mining company delivering on its strategy of creating the premier Americas gold producer. In its first six years the Company has grown from a single-asset developer to a multi-asset gold producer with a portfolio of gold mines in the Americas, a multi-million-ounce gold reserve base and a strong growth profile from a pipeline of expansion projects.

Equinox Gold was created with the strategic vision of building a diversified, Americas-focused gold company that will responsibly and safely produce more than one million ounces of gold annually, bring long-term social and economic benefits to its host communities, create a safe and rewarding workplace for its employees and contractors and provide above average investment returns to its shareholders. To achieve its growth objectives, Equinox Gold intends to expand production from its current asset base through exploration and development and will also consider opportunities to acquire other companies, producing mines and development projects that fit the Company’s portfolio and strategy.

As of the date of this Prospectus Supplement, Equinox Gold’s operating mines and development projects are as follows:

Equinox Gold’s material assets are Greenstone, Mesquite, Castle Mountain, Los Filos, Aurizona, Fazenda and Santa Luz. Equinox Gold has an experienced management team with a history of creating shareholder value and operational success. Equinox Gold’s corporate strategy is to continue to build on its existing portfolio of producing gold assets in the Americas.

Recent Developments

Since the date of the Shelf Prospectus, there have been no recent developments.

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in the Offered Shares is highly speculative and involves significant risks. In addition to the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement, or the Shelf Prospectus, any prospective investor should carefully consider the risks described below before purchasing any of the Offered Shares distributed under this Prospectus Supplement. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could materially suffer. As a result, the trading price of our securities, including our Common Shares, could decline, and investors might lose all or part of their investment. The risks set out below are not the only risks we face; risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Prospective investors should also refer to the other information set forth or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement and the Shelf Prospectus, including the risk factors identified in the Annual Information Form, the Annual MD&A, the Q2 MD&A, our consolidated financial statements and related notes and technical reports and any subsequently filed documents incorporated by reference.

Risks Relating to the Offering and the Securities

The Common Shares are subject to market price volatility

The market price for the Common Shares may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including but not limited to the following:

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Financial markets have recently experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices of equity securities of public entities and that have, in many cases, been unrelated to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such entities. Accordingly, the market price of the Common Shares may decline even if our business, financial condition and results of operations or prospects have not changed. Additionally, these factors, as well as other related factors, may cause decreases in asset values that are deemed to be other than temporary, which may result in impairment losses. As well, certain institutional investors may base their investment decisions on consideration of our environmental, governance and social practices and performance against such institutions’ respective investment guidelines and criteria, and failure to satisfy such criteria may result in limited or no investment in, or disposition of, the Common Shares by those institutions, which could materially adversely affect the trading price of the Common Shares. There can be no assurance that fluctuations in price and volume will not occur. If such increased levels of volatility and market turmoil continue for a protracted period of time, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected and the trading price of the Common Shares could also be materially adversely affected. In addition, securities class-action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. The Company may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management’s attention and resources.

Need for future financing

The future development of the Company’s business will require additional financings or refinancings. There are no assurances that such financing or refinancing will be available, or if available, available on terms acceptable to the Company. If sufficient capital is not available, the Company may be required to delay the expansion of its business and operations, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, prospects or results of operations.

The Company has outstanding convertible and derivative securities which, if exercised, could cause dilution to existing shareholders

The exercise of any of stock options, share units, other share-based compensation, convertible debentures and notes and share purchase warrants and the subsequent resale of such Common Shares in the public market, or the perception that such resales may occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of the Common Shares and the Company’s ability to raise equity capital in the future at a time and price which it deems appropriate. The Company may also enter into commitments in the future which would require the issuance of additional Common Shares and it may grant additional share purchase warrants, stock options and other securities convertible into Common Shares. Any share issuances from the Company’s treasury will result in immediate dilution to existing shareholders’ percentage interest in the Company.

Dilution from equity financing could negatively impact holders of Common Shares

The Company may from time to time raise funds through the issuance of Common Shares or the issuance of debt instruments or other securities convertible into Common Shares. The Company cannot predict the size or price of

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future issuances of Common Shares or the size or terms of future issuances of debt instruments or other securities convertible into Common Shares, or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of the Company’s securities will have on the market price of the Common Shares. Sales or issuances of substantial numbers of Common Shares, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of the Offered Shares. With any additional sale or issuance of Common Shares, or securities convertible into Common Shares, investors will suffer dilution to their voting power and the Company may experience dilution in its earnings per share.

Sales by existing shareholders can reduce Common Share prices

Sales of a substantial number of Common Shares in the public market could occur at any time. MDCI may elect to exercise its right to convert some or all of the 2020 Notes into Common Shares prior to their maturity date and may subsequently sell some or all of those Common Shares. These sales, or the market perception that the beneficial owners of a large number of Common Shares intend to sell Common Shares, could reduce the market price of the Common Shares. If this occurs and continues, it could impair the Company’s ability to raise additional capital through the sale of securities.

There is no assurance of a sufficient liquid trading market for the Common Shares in the future

Shareholders of the Company may be unable to sell significant quantities of Common Shares into the public trading markets without a significant reduction in the price of their Common Shares, or at all. There can be no assurance that there will be sufficient liquidity of the Company’s Common Shares on the trading market, and that the Company will continue to meet the listing requirements of the TSX or the NYSE American or achieve listing on any other public listing exchange.

Canadian investors may find it difficult to enforce civil liabilities against our directors and officers residing outside of Canada and the Selling Shareholder and its affiliates

Some the Company’s directors and officers are residents of countries other than Canada, and the Selling Shareholder and its affiliates are organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction. All or a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are located outside Canada. As a result, it may be difficult for Canadian investors to initiate a lawsuit within Canada against the Selling Shareholder and these non-Canadian residents. In addition, it may not be possible for Canadian investors to collect from these non-Canadian residents’ judgments obtained in courts in Canada predicated on the civil liability provisions of securities legislation of certain of the provinces and territories of Canada. It may also be difficult for Canadian investors to succeed in a lawsuit in foreign jurisdictions, based solely on violations of Canadian securities laws.

U.S. investors may find it difficult to enforce U.S. judgments against the Company, the Selling Shareholder and its affiliates

The Company is incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada, the majority of the Company’s directors and officers are not residents of the United States and the Selling Shareholder and its affiliates are organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the United States. In addition, all or a substantial portion of the Company’s assets and the assets of these persons are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for U.S. investors to effect service of process within the United States upon the Company, the Selling Shareholder, its affiliates or upon such persons who are not residents of the United States, or to realize in the United States upon judgments of U.S. courts predicated upon civil liabilities under U.S. securities laws. A judgment of a U.S. court predicated solely upon such civil liabilities may be enforceable in Canada by a Canadian court if the U.S. court in which the judgment was obtained had jurisdiction, as determined by the Canadian court, in the matter. There is substantial doubt whether an original action could be brought successfully in Canada against any of such persons, the Selling Shareholder, its affiliates or the Company predicated solely upon such civil liabilities.

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Investors may lose their entire investment

An investment in the Offered Shares is speculative and may result in the loss of an investor’s entire investment. Only potential investors who are experienced in high-risk investments and who can afford to lose their entire investment should consider an investment in the Company.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

The net proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares are solely for the account of the Selling Shareholder. The Company is not issuing or selling any securities under the Offering and, accordingly, will not receive any proceeds from the Offering.

The estimated net proceeds received by the Selling Shareholder from the Offering will be $134,308,572.72 (determined after deducting the Underwriting Commission of $5,596,190.53 and before deducting estimated expenses of the Selling Shareholder related to the Offering). In accordance with the Underwriting Agreement, all of the Selling Shareholder’s expenses incurred in connection with the Offering will be borne by the Selling Shareholder.

PRIOR SALES

For the 12-month period prior to the date of this Prospectus Supplement, the Company has issued the following Common Shares:

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Notes:

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For the 12-month period prior to the date of this Prospectus Supplement, the Company has not issued any securities that are convertible or exchangeable into Common Shares.

On March 29, 2024, the Company agreed with existing noteholders to amend certain terms of the $139.7 million principal amount of 5.00% convertible notes originally due on April 12, 2024 (the “2019 Notes”), including to extend the maturity date by six months to October 12, 2024. There were no changes to the conversion price of the 2019 Notes.

On March 29, 2024, the Company agreed with existing noteholders to amend certain terms of the $139.3 million principal amount of 4.75% convertible notes originally due on March 10, 2025 (the “2020 Notes”), including to extend the maturity date by six months to September 10, 2025. In addition, the conversion price of the 2020 Notes was amended from $7.80 to $6.50. Following the amendment, the 2020 Notes are convertible into 20,000,000 Common Shares, an additional 3,571,236 Common Shares.

TRADING PRICE AND VOLUME

The Common Shares are listed and posted for trading on the TSX and the NYSE American under the symbol “EQX”. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale prices per Common Share and the total monthly trading volumes, as reported on TSX, during the 12 months preceding the date of this Prospectus Supplement.

Source: Bloomberg

Notes:

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The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale prices per Common Share and the total monthly trading volumes, as reported on the NYSE American, during the 12 months preceding the date of this Prospectus Supplement.

Source: Bloomberg

Notes:

On October 3, 2024 the last trading day prior to the date of this Prospectus Supplement, the closing price of the Common Shares on the TSX was C$7.91 and on the NYSE American was $5.85.

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SELLING SHAREHOLDER

The Selling Shareholder under this Offering is Ninety Fourth Investment Company LLC, an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of Mubadala. The Selling Shareholder has agreed to sell 24,761,905 Common Shares to the Underwriter pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, as described under the heading “Plan of Distribution (Conflict of Interest)”. The estimated net proceeds received by the Selling Shareholder from the Offering will be approximately $134,308,572.72 (determined after deducting the Underwriting Commission of $5,596,190.53 and before deducting estimated expenses of the Selling Shareholder related to the Offering).

On October 3, 2024 MDCI, an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of Mubadala, converted $130 million principal amount of the 2019 Notes into 24,761,905 Common Shares at a conversion price of $5.25, which Common Shares were registered in the name of the Selling Shareholder on October 3, 2024. MDCI continues to hold $130 million principal amount of 2020 Notes.

Mubadala currently beneficially owns 44,761,905 Common Shares, representing approximately 9.45% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares on an as-converted basis, including the Offered Shares and 20,000,000 Common Shares underlying the 2020 Notes. Upon completion of the Offering, Mubadala will beneficially own approximately 4.22% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares on an as-converted basis, which represents 20,000,000 Common Shares underlying the 2020 Notes.

The following table sets forth information with respect to the ownership of Common Shares by the Selling Shareholder as of the date hereof, as adjusted to reflect the completion of the Offering.

Notes:

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CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION

Other than as set forth below, there have been no material changes in the Company’s consolidated share capital and loan capital since June 30, 2024, the date of the Interim Financial Statements.

On October 3, 2024, MDCI converted $130 million principal amount of the 2019 Notes into 24,761,905 Common Shares at a conversion price of $5.25, which Common Shares were registered in the name of the Selling Shareholder on October 3, 2024. MDCI no longer holds any 2019 Notes.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

Common Shares

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares without par value. As at the date of this Prospectus Supplement, there are 453,489,047 Common Shares issued and outstanding, which includes 24,761,905 Common Shares issued in connection with the conversion of the 2019 Notes.

The shareholders of the Company are entitled to one vote for each Common Share on all matters to be voted on by the shareholders. Each Common Share is equal to every other Common Share and all Common Shares participate equally on liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any other distribution of our assets among our shareholders for the purpose of winding up our affairs after the Company has paid out its liabilities. The shareholders are entitled to receive pro rata such dividends as may be declared by the Company’s board of directors out of funds legally available for such purpose and to receive pro rata the remaining property of the Company upon dissolution. No shares have been issued subject to call or assessment. There are no pre-emptive or conversion rights, and no provisions for redemption, retraction, purchase or cancellation, surrender, sinking fund or purchase fund. Provisions as to the creation, modification, amendment or variation of such rights or such provisions are contained in the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “BCBCA”) and the articles of the Company.

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CERTAIN CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following is, as of the date prior to the date hereof, a general summary of the principal Canadian federal income tax considerations under the Tax Act and the Regulations generally applicable to a holder who acquires an Offered Share as beneficial owner pursuant to this Prospectus Supplement who, at all relevant times, for the purposes of the Tax Act, deals at arm’s length with the Company, the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter, is not affiliated with the Company, the Selling Shareholder or the Underwriter, and will acquire and hold such Offered Shares as capital property (each, a “Holder”), all within the meaning of the Tax Act. The Offered Shares will generally be considered to be capital property to a Holder provided the Holder does not use or hold (and will not use or hold) the Offered Shares in the course of carrying on a business of trading or dealing in securities and such Holder has not acquired (and will not acquire) the Offered Shares in a transaction or transactions considered to be an adventure or concern in the nature of trade.

This summary does not apply to (a) a Holder that is a “financial institution” for purposes of the mark-to-market rules contained in the Tax Act; (b) a Holder an interest in which is or would constitute a “tax shelter investment” as defined in the Tax Act; (c) a Holder that is a “specified financial institution” as defined in the Tax Act; (d) a Holder that is a corporation resident in Canada (for the purpose of the Tax Act) or a corporation that does not deal at arm’s length (for purposes of the Tax Act) with a corporation resident in Canada, and that is or becomes as part of a transaction or event or series of transactions or events that includes the acquisition of the Offered Shares, controlled by a non-resident person, or group of non-resident persons not dealing with each other at arm’s length, for the purposes of the foreign affiliate dumping rules in Section 212.3 of the Tax Act; (e) a Holder that has made a functional currency election to report its “Canadian tax results”, as defined in the Tax Act, in a currency other than Canadian currency; (f) a Holder that is exempt from tax under the Tax Act; (g) a Holder that has entered into, or will enter into, a “synthetic disposition arrangement”, “synthetic equity arrangement”, or a “derivative forward agreement” with respect to the Offered Shares as those terms are defined in the Tax Act; (h) a Holder that receives dividends on Offered Shares under or as part of a “dividend rental arrangement” as defined in the Tax Act, or (i) a Holder that is otherwise of special status or in special circumstances. Such Holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to an investment in the Offered Shares.

This summary does not address the deductibility of interest by a Holder who has borrowed money or otherwise incurred debt in connection with the acquisition of the Offered Shares.

This summary is based upon the facts set out in this Prospectus Supplement, the provisions of the Tax Act and the Regulations in force as of the date prior to the date hereof, any specific proposals to amend the Tax Act and the Regulations (the “Tax Proposals”) which have been publicly and officially announced by or on behalf the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to the date hereof, the current provisions of the Canada United States Tax Convention (1980) (the “Canada U.S. Tax Convention”), and our understanding of the administrative policies and assessing practices of the Canada Revenue Agency (the “CRA”) published in writing by the CRA prior to the date hereof. This summary assumes that the Tax Proposals will be enacted in the form proposed and does not take into account or anticipate any other changes in law, whether by way of judicial, legislative or governmental decision or action, or change in administrative policies or assessing practices of the CRA, nor does it take into account provincial, territorial or foreign income tax legislation or considerations, which may differ significantly from the Canadian federal income tax considerations discussed herein. No assurances can be given that the Tax Proposals will be enacted as proposed or at all, or that legislative, judicial or administrative changes will not modify or change the statements expressed herein.

This summary is not exhaustive of all possible Canadian federal income tax considerations applicable to an investment in the Offered Shares. This summary is of a general nature only and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or income tax advice to any particular Holder, and no representations concerning the tax consequences to any particular Holder are made. Holders should consult their own income tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of acquiring Offered Shares pursuant to the Offering applicable to them based on their own particular circumstances, including the application and

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effect of the income and other tax laws of any country, province or other jurisdiction that may be applicable to the Holder. This summary does not address any tax considerations applicable to persons other than Holders and such persons should consult their own tax advisors regarding the consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of Offered Shares under the Tax Act and any jurisdiction in which they may be subject to tax. Holders should consult their own income tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences applicable to them based on their own particular circumstances.

Currency

Generally, for purposes of the Tax Act, all amounts relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of Offered Shares (including dividends, adjusted cost base and proceeds of disposition) must be expressed in Canadian dollars based on the exchange rates as determined in accordance with the Tax Act.

Residents of Canada

The following portion of this summary is generally applicable to a Holder who, for the purposes of the Tax Act, is resident or deemed to be resident in Canada at all relevant times (each, a “Resident Holder”). Certain Resident Holders whose Offered Shares might not otherwise qualify as capital property may be entitled to make an irrevocable election pursuant to subsection 39(4) of the Tax Act to have the Offered Shares, and every other “Canadian security” (as defined by the Tax Act) owned by such Resident Holder in the taxation year of the election and in all subsequent taxation years, deemed to be capital property. Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors for advice as to whether an election under subsection 39(4) of the Tax Act is available or advisable in their particular circumstances.

Taxation of Dividends

Dividends received or deemed to be received on the Offered Shares in the taxation year of a Resident Holder will be included in computing a Resident Holder’s income for the year. In the case of a Resident Holder who is an individual (including certain trusts), dividends (including deemed dividends) received on the Offered Shares will be included in the Resident Holder’s income and be subject to the gross-up and dividend tax credit rules applicable to “taxable dividends” received by an individual from “taxable Canadian corporations”, including the enhanced gross-up and dividend tax credit for “eligible dividends” (each as defined in the Tax Act) properly designated as such by the Company in accordance with the Tax Act. There may be limitations on the ability of the Company to designate dividends as eligible dividends.

In the case of a Resident Holder that is a corporation, such dividends (including deemed dividends) received on the Offered Shares will be included in the Resident Holder’s income for the taxation year and will generally be deductible in computing such Resident Holder’s taxable income for the taxation year, subject to all restrictions under the Tax Act. In certain circumstances, subsection 55(2) of the Tax Act will treat a taxable dividend received (or deemed to be received) by a Resident Holder that is a corporation as proceeds of disposition or a capital gain. Resident Holders that are corporations should consult their own tax advisors having regard to their own circumstances.

A Resident Holder that is a “private corporation” or “subject corporation” (as such terms are defined in the Tax Act) may be liable to pay a tax (refundable in certain circumstances) under Part IV of the Tax Act on dividends received or deemed to be received on the Offered Shares to the extent that such dividends are deductible in computing the Resident Holder’s taxable income for the taxation year. A “subject corporation” is generally a corporation (other than a private corporation) resident in Canada and controlled directly or indirectly by or for the benefit of an individual (other than a trust) or a related group of individuals (other than trusts).

A Resident Holder that is throughout the relevant taxation year a “Canadian controlled private corporation” (as defined in the Tax Act) or that is or is deemed to be a “substantive CCPC” (as defined in the Tax Act) at any time

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in a taxation year, may be liable to pay an additional tax (refundable in certain circumstances) on its “aggregate investment income”, which is defined in the Tax Act to include an amount in respect of dividends or deemed dividends that are not deductible in computing the Resident Holder’s taxable income for the taxation year.

Disposition of Offered Shares

A Resident Holder who disposes of, or is deemed to have disposed of, an Offered Share (other than a disposition to the Company that is not a sale in the open market in the manner in which shares are normally purchased by any member of the public in the open market) will generally realize a capital gain (or incur a capital loss) equal to the amount by which the proceeds of disposition in respect of the Offered Share exceed (or are exceeded by) the aggregate of the adjusted cost base to the Resident Holder of such security immediately before the disposition or deemed disposition and any reasonable expenses incurred for the purpose of making the disposition. The adjusted cost base to a Resident Holder of an Offered Share will be determined by averaging the cost of that Offered Share with the adjusted cost base (determined immediately before the acquisition of the Offered Share) of all other Common Shares held as capital property at that time by the Resident Holder. The tax treatment of capital gains and capital losses is discussed in greater detail below under the subheading “Taxation of Capital Gains and Losses”.

Taxation of Capital Gains and Losses

Subject to the proposals originally released on June 10, 2024, with revised proposals released on August 12, 2024 and September 23, 2024 (the “Capital Gains Proposals”), generally one half of any capital gain (a “taxable capital gain”) realized by a Resident Holder must be included in the Resident Holder’s income for the taxation year in which the disposition occurs. Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of the Tax Act, currently one half of any capital loss incurred by a Resident Holder (an “allowable capital loss”) must generally be deducted from taxable capital gains realized by the Resident Holder in the taxation year in which the disposition occurs. Allowable capital losses in excess of taxable capital gains for the taxation year of disposition generally may be carried back and deducted in the three preceding taxation years or carried forward and deducted in any subsequent year against net taxable capital gains (but not against other income) realized in such years, in the circumstances and to the extent provided in the Tax Act.

Pursuant to the Capital Gains Proposals, the capital gains inclusion rate applicable for the purposes of determining a Resident Holder’s taxable capital gains and allowable capital losses for a particular taxation year is proposed to increase from one-half to two-thirds for any capital gains or losses realized on or after June 25, 2024. The one-half inclusion rate for capital gains will continue to apply to individuals (other than most types of trusts) up to a maximum of C$250,000 of net capital gains realized in any taxation year. Certain limits to the availability of the C$250,000 amount may apply. The Capital Gains Proposals also include transitional rules that effectively adjust a Resident Holder’s capital gains inclusion rate for taxation years beginning on or before June 24, 2024 and ending on or after June 25, 2024 to generally include only one-half of net capital gains realized (or deemed to be realized) on or before June 24, 2024 and further propose to adjust the value of capital losses realized in previous years so that two-thirds of capital losses realized prior to 2024 will be deductible against capital gains included in income regardless of the inclusion rate. The Capital Gains Proposals are complex and their application to a particular Resident Holder will depend on the Resident Holder’s particular circumstances. Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the Capital Gains Proposals.

A capital loss realized on the disposition or deemed disposition of an Offered Share by a Resident Holder that is a corporation may in certain circumstances be reduced by the amount of dividends received or deemed to have been received by the Resident Holder on the Offered Shares to the extent and in the circumstances prescribed by the Tax Act. Similar rules may apply where a corporation is, directly or indirectly through a trust or partnership, a member of a partnership or a beneficiary of a trust that owns Offered Shares. A Resident Holder to which these rules may be relevant is urged to consult their own tax advisor.

A Resident Holder that is throughout the relevant taxation year a “Canadian controlled private corporation” (as defined in the Tax Act) or, at any time in a relevant taxation year, a “substantive CCPC” (as defined in the Tax

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Act), may be liable to pay an additional tax (refundable in certain circumstances) on its “aggregate investment income” (as defined in the Tax Act), which is defined to include an amount in respect of taxable capital gains.

Minimum Tax

Capital gains realized and taxable dividends received (or deemed to be received) by a Resident Holder who is an individual or a trust, other than certain specified trusts, may give rise to minimum tax under the Tax Act. Resident Holders should consult their own advisors with respect to the application of minimum tax.

Non-Residents of Canada

The following portion of this summary is generally applicable to a Holder who, for purposes of the Tax Act and any applicable tax treaty or convention and at all relevant times, is not resident or deemed to be resident in Canada and does not use or hold, and is not deemed to use or hold, Offered Shares in connection with a business carried on in Canada (each, a “Non-Resident Holder”). The term “U.S. Holder,” for the purposes of this summary, means a Non-Resident Holder who, for purposes of the Canada U.S. Tax Convention, is at all relevant times a resident of the United States and is a “qualifying person” (within the meaning of the Canada U.S. Tax Convention) eligible for the full benefits of the Canada U.S. Tax Convention. In some circumstances, persons deriving amounts through fiscally transparent entities (including limited liability companies) may be entitled to benefits under the Canada U.S. Tax Convention. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors to determine their entitlement to benefits under the Canada U.S. Tax Convention and related compliance requirements based on their particular circumstances.

Special considerations, which are not discussed in this summary, may apply to a Non-Resident Holder that is an insurer that carries on an insurance business in Canada and elsewhere or is an “authorized foreign bank” (as defined in the Tax Act). Such Non-Resident Holders should consult their own advisors.

Taxation of Dividends

Subject to an applicable tax treaty or convention, dividends paid or credited, or deemed to be paid or credited, to a Non-Resident Holder on the Offered Shares will be subject to Canadian withholding tax under the Tax Act at the rate of 25% of the gross amount of the dividend unless reduced by the terms of an applicable tax treaty or convention between Canada and the country in which the Non-Resident Holder is resident. For example, such rate is generally reduced under the Canada U.S. Tax Convention to 15% if the beneficial owner of such dividend is a U.S. Holder. The rate of withholding tax may be reduced to 5% if the beneficial owner of such dividend is a U.S. Holder that is a corporation that owns, directly or indirectly, at least 10% of the voting stock of the Company. The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (the “MLI”) of which Canada is a signatory, affects many of Canada’s tax treaties (but not the Canada U.S. Tax Convention), including the ability to claim benefits thereunder. Non-Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors to determine their entitlement to benefits under any applicable income tax treaty or convention based on their particular circumstances.

Disposition of Offered Shares

A Non-Resident Holder generally will not be subject to tax under the Tax Act in respect of any capital gain realized by such Non-Resident Holder on a disposition or deemed disposition of Offered Shares, unless the Offered Shares constitute “taxable Canadian property” (as defined in the Tax Act) of the Non-Resident Holder at the time of the disposition and the Non-Resident Holder is not entitled to relief under an applicable income tax convention between Canada and the country in which the Non-Resident Holder is resident at the time of the disposition (including as a result of the application of the MLI).

Generally, as long as the Offered Shares are, at the time of disposition, listed on a “designated stock exchange” as defined in the Tax Act (which currently includes the TSX and the NYSE American), the Offered Shares will

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not constitute taxable Canadian property of a Non-Resident Holder, unless at any time during the 60 month period immediately preceding the disposition or deemed disposition the following two conditions are met concurrently: (a) the Non-Resident Holder, persons with whom the Non-Resident Holder does not deal at arm’s length, partnerships whose members include, either directly or indirectly through one or more partnerships, the Non-Resident Holder and/or persons with whom the Non-Resident Holder does not deal at arm’s length, or any combination of the foregoing, owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of shares of the capital stock of the Company, and (b) more than 50% of the fair market value of the Offered Shares was derived directly or indirectly, from one or any combination of real or immovable property situated in Canada, “Canadian resource properties” or “timber resource properties” (each as defined in the Tax Act), and options in respect of, interests in, or, for civil law, rights in, any such property (whether or not such property exists). Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Offered Share may also be deemed to be taxable Canadian property to a Non-Resident Holder in certain other circumstances under the Tax Act.

If the Offered Shares are, or are deemed to be, taxable Canadian property of a Non-Resident Holder and any capital gain that would be realized on the disposition thereof is not exempt from tax under the Tax Act or pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty or convention (including as a result of the application of the MLI), the income tax consequences described above under “Residents of Canada – Disposition of Offered Shares” and “Residents of Canada—Taxation of Capital Gains and Losses” will generally apply to the Non-Resident Holder.

Non-Resident Holders whose Offered Shares may constitute taxable Canadian property or treaty-protected property should consult their own advisors regarding the tax and compliance considerations that may be relevant to them.

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CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION CONSIDERATIONS

The following is a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the Offered Shares that are applicable to a U.S. Holder, as defined below, that acquires Offered Shares pursuant to this Prospectus Supplement. This discussion is not a complete analysis or listing of all of the possible tax consequences of such transactions and does not address all tax considerations that might be relevant to particular holders in light of their personal circumstances or to persons that are subject to special tax rules. In particular, the information set forth below deals only with U.S. Holders that will hold Offered Shares as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, property held for investment) and that do not own, and are not treated as owning, 10% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of the Company’s stock. In addition, this discussion of the U.S. federal income tax consequences does not address U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to investors subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, such as: financial institutions; regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts; tax-exempt entities; insurance companies; persons holding the Offered Shares as part of a hedging, integrated or conversion transaction, constructive sale or “straddle”; persons who acquired Common Shares through the exercise or cancellation of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for their services; U.S. expatriates; persons subject to the alternative minimum tax; persons that generally mark their securities to market for U.S. federal income tax purposes; dealers or traders in securities or currencies; or holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.

This discussion does not address estate and gift tax, any U.S. federal tax other than income tax, or tax consequences under any state, local or non-U.S. laws.

For purposes of this section, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Offered Shares that is: (1) an individual who is a citizen or resident alien of the United States as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (2) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (3) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or (4) a trust (A) with respect to which a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

If a partnership or other pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes is a beneficial owner of Offered Shares, the tax treatment of a partner or other owner will generally depend upon the status of the partner (or other owner) and the activities of the entity. A U.S. Holder that is a partner (or other owner) of a pass-through entity that acquires Offered Shares is urged to consult its own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of Offered Shares.

The following discussion is based upon the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all as in effect on the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. The Company has not requested, and will not request, a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) with respect to any of the U.S. federal income tax consequences described below, and as a result there can be no assurance that the IRS will not disagree with or challenge any of the conclusions described herein.

The following discussion is for general information only and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any holder or prospective holder of Offered Shares and no opinion or representation with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences to any such holder or prospective holder is made. Prospective purchasers are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to the particular consequences to them under U.S. federal, state and local, and applicable non-U.S., tax laws of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Offered Shares.

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Distributions

Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” the gross amount of any distribution made by the Company (without reduction for any Canadian income tax withheld from such distribution) will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax as dividend income to the extent paid out of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Such amount will be includable in gross income by a U.S. Holder as ordinary income on the date that the U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives the distribution in accordance with its regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The amount of any distribution made by the Company in property other than cash will be the fair market value of such property on the date of the distribution (reduced by any liabilities assumed by the U.S. Holder). Dividends paid by the Company will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations.

Subject to applicable exceptions with respect to short-term and hedged positions, certain dividends received by non-corporate U.S. Holders from a “qualified foreign corporation” may be eligible for reduced rates of taxation. A qualified foreign corporation includes a non-U.S. corporation that is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States that the U.S. Treasury Department determines to be satisfactory for these purposes and that includes an exchange of information provision. The U.S. Treasury Department has determined that the income tax treaty between the United States and Canada meets these requirements, and the Company believes that it is eligible for the benefits of this treaty. A non-U.S. corporation is also treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividends paid by that corporation on ordinary shares that are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. U.S. Treasury guidance indicates that the Company’s Common Shares will qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States; however, there can be no assurance that Offered Shares will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States in future years. Dividends received by U.S. investors from a non-U.S. corporation that was a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) in either the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year will not constitute dividends eligible for the reduced rates of taxation described above. Instead, such dividends would be subject to tax at ordinary income rates.

To the extent that a distribution exceeds the amount of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, it will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital, causing a reduction in the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in Offered Shares held by such U.S. Holder (thereby increasing the amount of gain, or decreasing the amount of loss, to be recognized by such U.S. Holder upon a subsequent disposition of Offered Shares), with any amount that exceeds the adjusted tax basis being treated as a capital gain recognized on a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition (as discussed below). However, the Company does not intend to maintain calculations of its earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles, and a U.S. Holder should therefore assume that any distribution by the Company with respect to the Offered Shares will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

For U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends received by a U.S. Holder with respect to the common shares of a non-U.S. corporation generally constitute foreign source income and “passive category” income. However, subject to certain exceptions, a portion of the dividends paid by a non-U.S. corporation will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, in proportion to its U.S. source earnings and profits, if U.S. persons collectively own, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the voting power or value of the non-U.S. corporation’s common shares. If a portion of any dividends paid with respect to the common shares are treated as U.S. source income under these rules, it may limit the ability of a U.S. Holder to claim a foreign tax credit for any Canadian withholding taxes imposed in respect of such dividend, although certain elections under the Code and the U.S.-Canada Income Tax Treaty may be available to mitigate these effects. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex and involve the application of rules that depend upon your particular circumstances. Accordingly, U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances, including the impact of, and any exception available to, the special income sourcing rule described in this paragraph.

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Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Offered Shares

Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Offered Shares in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized (i.e., the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received) on the sale, exchange or other disposition and such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Offered Shares. If any non-U.S. tax is imposed on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the Offered Shares, a U.S. Holder’s amount realized will include the gross amount of the proceeds of the disposition before deduction of the tax. A U.S. Holder’s initial tax basis in the Offered Shares generally will equal the cost of such Offered Shares. Such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain taxable at a reduced rate for non-corporate U.S. Holders or long-term capital loss if, on the date of sale, exchange or other disposition, the Offered Shares were held by the U.S. Holder for more than one year. For both corporate and non-corporate U.S. Holders, the deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder from the sale or other disposition of Offered Shares will generally be gain or loss from sources within the United States for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations

Special, generally unfavourable, U.S. federal income tax rules apply to U.S. persons owning stock of a PFIC. A non-U.S. corporation will be considered a PFIC for any taxable year in which, after taking into account the income and assets of the corporation and certain subsidiaries pursuant to applicable “look through” rules, either (1) at least 75 percent of its gross income is “passive” income (the “income test”) or (2) at least 50 percent of the average value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). For purposes of determining whether a non-U.S. corporation will be considered a PFIC, such non-U.S. corporation will be treated as holding its proportionate share of the assets and receiving directly its proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, more than 25 percent (by value) of the stock or any partnership in which it owns at least a 25 percent interest (by value). PFIC status is fundamentally factual in nature. It generally cannot be determined until the close of the taxable year in question and is determined annually.

The Company believes that it currently is not a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes and does not expect to be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the current taxable year or in the near future. However, the determination of PFIC status for any year is very fact specific, being based on the types of income the Company earns and the types and value of the Company’s assets from time to time, all of which are subject to change, as well as, in part, the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. In particular, the Company’s belief and expectations regarding its PFIC status is based in part on its determination that its income from sales of commodities is active income. As a result, there can be no assurance in this regard, and the IRS may challenge the Company’s classification. Accordingly, it is possible that the Company may be classified as a PFIC in the current taxable year or in future years. If the Company is classified as a PFIC in any year during which a U.S. Holder holds Common Shares, the Company generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC as to such U.S. Holder in all succeeding years, regardless of whether the Company continues to meet the income or asset test discussed above.

If the Company were classified as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds Common Shares, such U.S. Holder would be subject to increased tax liability (generally including an interest charge) upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of Common Shares or upon the receipt of certain distributions treated as “excess distributions.” An excess distribution generally would be the portion of any distributions to a U.S. Holder with respect to Common Shares during a single taxable year that are in total greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by such U.S. Holder with respect to such Common Shares during the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, during such U.S. Holder’s holding period for such Common Shares. Generally, a U.S. Holder would be required to allocate any excess distribution or gain from the sale or other disposition of the Common Shares ratably over its holding period for Common Shares. Such amounts would be taxed as ordinary income at the highest applicable rate in effect to individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for each taxable year of the holding period, and amounts allocated to prior taxable years would be subject to an interest charge at a rate applicable to underpayments of tax.

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If the Company were classified as a PFIC, certain elections could be available to mitigate the consequences described above. If the Common Shares are regularly traded on a registered national securities exchange or certain other exchanges or markets, then such Common Shares will constitute “marketable stock” for purposes of the PFIC rules. The Company expects that the Common Shares will constitute “marketable stock” for purposes of the PFIC rules. U.S. Holders that make a “mark-to-market election” with respect to such marketable stock would not be subject to the foregoing PFIC rules. After making such an election, a U.S. Holder generally would include as ordinary income each year during which the election is in effect and during which the Company is a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of Common Shares at the end of the taxable year over the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such Common Shares. These amounts of ordinary income would not be eligible for the favourable tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income or long-term capital gains. A U.S. Holder with a mark-to-market election in effect also would be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of its adjusted tax basis in Common Shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of income that was previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election). A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in Common Shares would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss amounts resulting from a mark-to-market election. If made, a mark-to-market election would be effective for the taxable year for which the election was made and for all subsequent taxable years unless the Common Shares ceased to qualify as “marketable stock” for purposes of the PFIC rules or the IRS consented to the revocation of the election. Such election will not apply, however, to any subsidiaries of the Company that are PFICs, and, as a result, an electing U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to tax under the PFIC excess distribution regime with respect to any such subsidiaries. In the event that the Company is classified as a PFIC, U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisor regarding the availability of the mark-to-market election, and whether the election would be advisable in their particular circumstances.

The PFIC tax rules outlined above also would not apply to a U.S. Holder that elected to treat the Company as a “qualified electing fund” or “QEF”. An election to treat the Company as a QEF will not be available, however, if the Company does not provide the information necessary to make such an election. The Company does not expect to provide the information necessary to make a QEF election, and thus, the QEF election will not be available with respect to Common Shares.

As discussed above in “Distributions,” notwithstanding any election made with respect to the Common Shares, if the Company is a PFIC in either the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year, dividends received with respect to Common Shares will not qualify for reduced rates of taxation.

The U.S. federal income tax rules relating to PFICs are very complex. Prospective U.S. investors are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the impact of PFIC status on the purchase, ownership and disposition of Common Shares, the consequences to them of an investment in a PFIC, any elections available with respect to the Common Shares and the IRS information reporting obligations with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of Common Shares of a PFIC.

Receipt of Non-U.S. Currency

The gross amount of any payment in a currency other than U.S. dollars will be included by each U.S. Holder in income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day such U.S. Holder actually or constructively receives the payment in accordance with its regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars at that time. If the non-U.S. currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of the payment, the U.S. Holder should not be required to recognize any foreign currency gain or loss with respect to the receipt of non-U.S. currency. If, instead, the non-U.S. currency is converted at a later date, any currency gains or losses resulting from the conversion of the non-U.S. currency will be treated as U.S. source ordinary income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own U.S. tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and disposing of non-U.S. currency.

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Foreign Tax Credit

A U.S. Holder that pays (whether directly or through withholding) Canadian income tax with respect to dividends paid on the Offered Shares generally may be entitled, at the election of such U.S. Holder, to receive either a deduction or a credit for such Canadian income tax. Generally, a credit will reduce a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis, whereas a deduction will reduce a U.S. Holder’s income that is subject to U.S. federal income tax. This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all non-U.S. taxes paid (whether directly or through withholding) by a U.S. Holder during a year. The foreign tax credit rules are complex and involve the application of rules that depend on a U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances. Accordingly, U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. foreign tax credit rules.

Additional Tax on Net Investment Income

U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts are required to pay an additional 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the U.S. Holder’s “net investment income” for the relevant taxable year and (2) the excess of the U.S. Holder’s modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold. A U.S. Holder’s “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, dividends and net gains from disposition of property (other than property held in the ordinary course of the conduct of a trade or business). Accordingly, dividends on and capital gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of the Offered Shares may be subject to this additional tax. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the additional tax on net investment income.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

In general, dividends paid to a U.S. Holder in respect of Offered Shares and the proceeds received by a U.S. Holder from the sale, exchange or other disposition of Offered Shares within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries will be subject to U.S. information reporting rules, unless a U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient and properly establishes such exemption. Backup withholding may apply to such payments if a U.S. Holder does not establish an exemption from backup withholding and fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number and make any other required certifications.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or credit against U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

In addition, U.S. Holders should be aware of reporting requirements with respect to the holding of certain foreign financial assets, including stock of foreign issuers which is not held in an account maintained by certain financial institutions, if the aggregate value of all of such assets exceeds $50,000. U.S. Holders must attach a complete IRS Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their return for each year in which they hold our Common Shares. U.S. Holders should also be aware that if the Company were to be classified as a PFIC, they would generally be required to file IRS Form 8261, Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund, during any taxable year in which such U.S. Holder recognizes gain or receives an excess distribution or with respect to which the U.S. Holder has made certain elections. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to the Offered Shares and their particular situations.

EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISORS ABOUT THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO IT OF AN INVESTMENT IN THE OFFERED SHARES IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTOR’S OWN CIRCUMSTANCES.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION (CONFLICT OF INTEREST)

The Company and the Selling Shareholder have entered into the Underwriting Agreement with the Underwriter, pursuant to which the Selling Shareholder has agreed to sell and the Underwriter has agreed to purchase, as principal, subject to compliance with the terms and conditions contained in the Underwriting Agreement, a total of 24,761,905 Offered Shares at the Offering Price of $5.65 per Offered Share, payable in cash to the Selling Shareholder against delivery of such Offered Shares on the Closing Date. The Company will not be entitled to any of the proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares. The obligations of the Underwriter under the Underwriting Agreement are conditional and may be terminated at its discretion on the basis of “material change out”, “disaster out”, “regulatory out”, and “breach out” termination provisions in the Underwriting Agreement and may also be terminated upon the occurrence of certain other stated events. The Underwriter is, however, obligated to take up and pay for all of the Offered Shares offered by this Prospectus Supplement if any Offered Shares are purchased under the Underwriting Agreement, subject to certain exceptions.

The Selling Shareholder will pay to the Underwriter the Underwriting Commission of 4.0% of the gross proceeds of the Offering. The Offering Price was determined by arm’s length negotiation between the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter, with reference to the prevailing market price of the Common Shares.

The Offered Shares will be offered in each of the provinces and territories of Canada, except Québec, in the United States and, subject to applicable law, in certain jurisdictions outside of Canada and the United States through the Underwriter either directly or through its Canadian or U.S. broker-dealer affiliates or agents in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement.

Pursuant to rules and policy statements of certain securities regulators, the Underwriter may not, at any time during the period of distribution under the Offering, bid for or purchase Offered Shares for its own account or for accounts over which it exercises control or direction. The foregoing restriction is subject to certain exceptions, including (i) a bid or purchase permitted under the Universal Market Integrity Rules for Canadian Marketplaces administered by the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada relating to market stabilization and passive market making activities; (ii) a bid or purchase made for or on behalf of a customer where the order was not solicited during the period of the distribution, provided that the bid or purchase was for the purpose of maintaining a fair and orderly market and not engaged in for the purpose of creating actual or apparent active trading in, or raising the price of, such securities; or (iii) a bid or purchase to cover a short position entered into prior to the commencement of the prescribed restricted period. Consistent with these requirements, and in connection with the Offering, the Underwriter may over-allot and effect transactions which are intended to stabilize or maintain the market price of the Common Shares at levels other than those which otherwise might prevail on the open market. If these activities are commenced, they may be discontinued by the Underwriter at any time. The Underwriter may carry out these transactions on the TSX and the NYSE American, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

The Underwriter and its affiliates have performed investment banking, commercial banking and advisory services for the Company from time to time for which they have received customary fees and expenses. The Underwriter and its affiliates may, from time to time, engage in transactions with and perform services for the Company in the ordinary course of their business.

The Offered Shares sold by the Underwriter to the public will initially be offered at the Offering Price specified on the cover page. After the Underwriter has made a reasonable effort to sell all of the Offered Shares at the Offering Price specified on the cover page, the Underwriter may decrease the Offering Price to an amount not greater than the Offering Price set forth on the cover page, and the compensation realized by the Underwriter will be decreased by the amount that the aggregate price paid by the purchasers for the Offered Share is less than the gross proceeds paid by the Underwriter to the Selling Shareholder. The decrease in the Offering Price will not decrease the amount of net proceeds of the Offering to the Selling Shareholder.

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Each of the Company and the Selling Shareholder have agreed, pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, to indemnify and save harmless the Underwriter and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and each of their respective directors, officers, employees, partners, agents, and shareholders against certain liabilities, including civil liabilities under Canadian and United States securities legislation in certain circumstances or to contribute to payments the Underwriter may have to make because of such liabilities.

The Company has also agreed in the Underwriting Agreement that the Company will not, directly or indirectly, issue any Common Shares or securities or other financial instruments convertible into or having the right to acquire Common Shares (other than pursuant to rights or obligations under securities or instruments outstanding) or enter into any agreement or arrangement under which the Company acquires or transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of Common Shares, or agree to become bound to do so, or disclose to the public any intention to do so, for a period of 45 days following the Closing Date without the prior written consent of the Underwriter, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may (i) grant options, share units or other securities pursuant to the Company’s stock option plan or other equity compensation plans made in accordance with the terms of such plans, and issue Common Shares upon the exercise of such options or vesting of such securities; or (ii) issue equity securities pursuant to the exercise or conversion, as the case may be, of any warrants, incentive securities or other convertible securities of the Company outstanding as of October 3, 2024.

The Selling Shareholder has agreed in the Underwriting Agreement that it shall not and shall cause or direct its affiliates not to, directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, (i) offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, lend or otherwise dispose of any Common Shares held by the Selling Shareholder as of the Closing Date, or any options or warrants to purchase any Common Shares, or any securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive Common Shares (such options, warrants or other securities, collectively, “Derivative Instruments”) in each case held by the Selling Shareholder as of the Closing Date; (ii) engage in any hedging or other transaction or arrangement (including, without limitation, any short sale or the purchase or sale of, or entry into, any put or call option, or combination thereof, forward, swap or any other derivative transaction or instrument, however described or defined) which is designed to or which reasonably could be expected to lead to or result in a sale, loan, pledge or other disposition (whether by the Selling Shareholder or someone other than the Selling Shareholder), or transfer of any of the economic consequences of ownership, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, of any Common Shares or Derivative Instruments held by the Selling Shareholder as of the Closing Date, whether any such transaction or arrangement (or instrument provided for thereunder) would be settled by delivery of Common Shares or other securities, in cash or otherwise; or (iii) agree to or publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing things, for a period from the date hereof ending 45 days after the Closing Date, provided that, the foregoing shall not apply to (a) pledges or security interests, provided that the pledgee or beneficiary of the security interest agrees in writing for the benefit of the Underwriter to be bound by restrictions set out in the Underwriting Agreement; (b) transfers pursuant to a bona fide third party take-over bid made to all shareholders of the Company, a plan of arrangement or amalgamation involving a change of control of the Company, or similar acquisition or business combination transaction provided that in the event that the take-over bid, plan of arrangement or amalgamation, or acquisition or business combination transaction is not completed, any Common Shares, as applicable, held by the Selling Shareholder remain subject to the restrictions contained in the Underwriting Agreement; (c) transfers made as bona fide gifts or charitable contributions, provided that any transferee agrees in writing to be bound by the same restrictions contained in the Underwriting Agreement; (d) transfers required by operation of law, (e) transfers to affiliates of the Selling Shareholder, provided that such affiliate agrees in writing to be bound by the same restrictions contained in the Underwriting Agreement; or (f) distributions to any corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, governmental entity or other entity, in each case, that (1) controls, or is controlled by or is under common control with, the Selling Shareholder, or (2) is directly or indirectly wholly owned by the Government of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi; provided that any such corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, governmental entity or other entity agrees in writing to be bound by the same restrictions contained in the Underwriting Agreement.

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Subscriptions for the Offered Shares will be received subject to rejection or allotment in whole or in part and the right is reserved to close the subscription books at any time without notice. Except as may be otherwise agreed by the Company, the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter, the Offering will be conducted under the book-based system operated by CDS. No certificates evidencing the Offered Shares will be issued to purchasers of the Offered Shares. A purchaser who purchases Offered Shares will receive only a customary confirmation from the registered dealer from or through whom Offered Shares are purchased and who is a CDS participant. CDS will record the CDS participants who hold Offered Shares on behalf of owners who have purchased Offered Shares in accordance with the book-based system.

The Selling Shareholder expects that delivery of the Offered Shares will be made against payment therefor on the Closing Date, which will be the fourth business day following the date of pricing of the Offered Shares. Under Rule 15c6-1 under the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, investors who wish to trade Offered Shares prior to the Closing Date may be required to specify an alternative settlement cycle at the time of any such trade to prevent a failed settlement. Investors who wish to trade Offered Shares prior to the Closing Date should consult their own advisors.

Conflict of Interest

Bank of Montreal, an affiliate of BMO, is a lender to the Company under the Company’s Amended Credit Agreement. Consequently, the Company may be considered a “connected issuer” to BMO under applicable securities laws in certain Canadian provinces and territories.

The Amended Credit Agreement consists of a $700 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) available for general corporate purposes, which matures on July 28, 2026 and a $500 million non-revolving term loan (the “Term Loan”), which matures on May 13, 2027. As at June 30, 2024, the carrying amounts of the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan were $588.8 million and $489.0 million, respectively. The Company is in compliance with all material terms of the agreements governing the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan and none of the lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility or the Term Loan have waived any breach by the Company thereunder since the execution of the Amended Credit Agreement (with the exception of immaterial waivers given for specific covenants and administrative matters in the ordinary course). The Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan are secured by way of all asset security granted by the Company and each of its subsidiaries other than immaterial subsidiaries.

The decision to distribute the Offered Shares hereunder and the determination of the terms of the distribution were made through arm’s length negotiations between the Selling Shareholder and the Underwriter. The lenders under the Amended Credit Agreement did not have any involvement in such decision or determination. BMO and its affiliates will not receive any direct benefit from the Offering other than receipt of the Underwriting Commission.

AUDITORS, TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

The auditors of the Company are KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants through its offices located on the 11th Floor at 777 Dunsmuir Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7Y 1K3. KPMG LLP has confirmed that it is independent with respect to the Company within the meaning of the relevant rules and related interpretations prescribed by the relevant professional bodies in Canada and any applicable legislation or regulation, and that they are independent accountants with respect to the Company under all relevant U.S. professional and regulatory standards.

As of the date of this Prospectus Supplement, the transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s Common Shares in Canada and the United States, respectively, is Computershare Investor Services Inc. at its principal offices in Vancouver, British Columbia, Toronto, Ontario and New York, New York.

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INTEREST OF EXPERTS

The following are the names of persons or companies (a) that are named as having prepared or certified a report, valuation, statement or opinion included in or included by reference in this Prospectus Supplement; and (b) whose profession or business gives authority to the statement, report or valuation made by the person or Equinox Gold:

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As at the date of this Prospectus Supplement, to the best knowledge of Equinox Gold, the aforementioned persons, collectively, held less than one percent of the securities of Equinox Gold when they prepared or certified a report, valuation, statement or opinion, as applicable, referred to above and as at the date hereof, and they did not receive any direct or indirect interest in any securities of Equinox Gold or of any associate or affiliate of Equinox Gold in connection with the preparation or certification of such report, valuation, statement or opinion, as applicable.

As at the date of this Prospectus Supplement, other than Doug Reddy, Scott Heffernan, Kelly Boychuck Gunter C. Lipper, César A. Torresini, Paul Sterling, Ali Shahkar and Darrol van Deventer, none of the aforementioned persons is or is currently expected to be elected, appointed or employed as a director, officer or employee of Equinox Gold or of any associate or affiliate of Equinox Gold.

TOP-UP RIGHT

Pursuant to the investor rights and governance agreement, dated April 11, 2019, between the Selling Shareholder and the Company, as amended on November 20, 2022 and April 23, 2024 (the “Investor Rights Agreement”), so long as MDCI continues to own 10% or more of the outstanding Common Shares (calculated on a partially diluted basis in accordance with the Investor Rights Agreement), MDCI has the right to maintain its pro rata interest in the Company in connection with any future sales or issuances of the Company’s securities. Following Closing, MDCI will beneficially own less than 10% of the outstanding Common Shares (calculated on a partially diluted basis in accordance with the Investor Rights Agreement). The Investor Rights Agreement shall terminate upon the date that MDCI beneficially owns less than 10% of the outstanding Common Shares (calculated on a partially diluted basis in accordance with the Investor Rights Agreement) for a continuous period of at least 30 days.

AGENT FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS

Marshall Koval and Fraz Siddiqui, two directors of the Company, reside outside of Canada and the Selling Shareholder is organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction. These persons and company have appointed the following agents for service of process in Canada:

Purchasers are advised that it may not be possible for investors to enforce judgments obtained in Canada against any person or company that is incorporated, continued or otherwise organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction or resides outside of Canada, even if the party has appointed an agent for service of process. See “Risk Factors”.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters relating to the Offered Shares offered by this Prospectus Supplement will be passed upon on our behalf by (i) Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP, with respect to matters of Canadian law; and (ii) Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, with respect to matters of United States law. In addition, certain legal matters in connection with the Offering will be passed upon for the Underwriter by (i) Stikeman Elliott LLP with respect to matters of Canadian law; and (ii) Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP with respect to matters of United States law. Further, certain legal matters in connection with the Offering will be passed upon for the Selling Shareholder by (i) McCarthy Tétrault LLP, with respect to matters of Canadian law; and (ii) Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, with respect to matters of United States law. As of the date of this Prospectus Supplement, the partners, counsel and associates of each of Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP, Stikeman Elliott LLP and McCarthy Tétrault LLP, respectively as a group, beneficially own directly and indirectly, less than 1% of the outstanding Common Shares.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Company has filed with the SEC the Registration Statement on Form F-10 under the U.S. Securities Act with respect to the Offered Shares. This Prospectus Supplement, the Shelf Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, which form a part of the Registration Statement, do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, certain parts of which are contained in the exhibits to the Registration Statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to the Company and the Offered Shares, reference is made to the Registration Statement and the exhibits thereto. Statements contained in this Prospectus Supplement, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, as to the contents of certain documents are not necessarily complete and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of the document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. Each such statement is qualified in its entirety by such reference. The Registration Statement can be found on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.

In addition to the Company’s continuous disclosure obligations under the securities laws of the provinces and territories of Canada, the Company is subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act, and in accordance therewith the Company files with or furnishes to the SEC reports and other information. The reports and other information that the Company files with or furnishes to the SEC are prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada, which differ in certain respects from those of the United States. As a foreign private issuer, the Company is exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and the Company’s officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, the Company may not be required to publish financial statements as promptly as U.S. companies. Copies of any documents that the Company has filed with the SEC are available to the public on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.

ENFORCEABILITY OF CERTAIN CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are a company incorporated under the BCBCA. Most of our directors and officers, and the experts named in this Prospectus Supplement, are residents of Canada or otherwise reside outside the United States, and all or a substantial portion of their assets may be, and a substantial portion of the Company’s assets are, located outside the United States. We have appointed an agent for service of process in the United States, but it may be difficult for holders of securities who reside in the United States to effect service within the United States upon those directors, officers and experts who are not residents of the United States. It may also be difficult for holders of securities who reside in the United States to realize in the United States upon judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon our civil liability and the civil liability of our directors, officers and experts under the United States federal securities laws. We have been advised that a judgment of a U.S. court predicated solely

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upon civil liability under U.S. federal securities laws or the securities or “blue sky” laws of any state within the United States, would likely be enforceable in Canada if the United States court in which the judgment was obtained has a basis for jurisdiction in the matter that would be recognized by a Canadian court for the same purposes. We have also been advised, however, that there is substantial doubt whether an action could be brought in Canada in the first instance on the basis of the liability predicated solely upon U.S. federal securities laws.

The Company filed with the SEC, concurrently with the Registration Statement, an appointment of agent for service of process on Form F-X. Under the Form F-X, the Company appointed CT Corporation as its agent for service of process in the United States in connection with any investigation or administrative proceeding conducted by the SEC, and any civil suit or action brought against or involving the Company in a United States court, arising out of or related to or concerning the Common Shares under this Prospectus Supplement.

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SHORT FORM BASE SHELF PROSPECTUS

Common Shares

Debt Securities

Subscription Receipts

Share Purchase Contracts

Units

Warrants

This prospectus relates to the offering for sale from time to time, during the 25-month period that this prospectus, including any amendments hereto, remains effective, of the securities of Equinox Gold Corp. (“Equinox Gold”, the “Company”, “we” or “our”) listed above in one or more series or issuances. The securities may be offered separately or together, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined based on market conditions at the time of the sale and set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement.

The common shares of the Company (the “Common Shares”) are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol “EQX” and on the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”) under the symbol “EQX”. On September 30, 2024, the last trading day before the date hereof, the closing price per share of the Company’s Common Shares was C$8.25 on the TSX and $6.09 on the NYSE American. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities, subscription receipts, share purchase contracts, units and warrants will not be listed on any securities or stock exchange or on any automated dealer quotation system. There is currently no market through which our securities, other than our Common Shares, may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell such securities purchased under this prospectus. This may affect the pricing of our securities, other than our Common Shares, in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of these securities and the extent of issuer regulation. See “Risk Factors”.

We are permitted under a multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the securities regulatory authorities in Canada and the United States to prepare this prospectus in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements, which are different from those of the United States. We prepare our financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and the audit of such financial statements may be subject to Canadian auditing and auditor independence standards. They may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies.

Owning our securities may subject you to tax consequences both in the United States and Canada. This prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement may not fully describe these tax consequences. You should read the tax discussion in any applicable prospectus supplement and seek advice from a qualified tax advisor.

Your ability to enforce civil liabilities under the United States federal securities laws may be affected adversely because we are incorporated in British Columbia, Canada, some or all of our officers and directors and some or all of the experts named in this prospectus are Canadian residents, and many of our assets are located outside of the United States.

As of the date hereof, the Company has determined that it qualifies as a “well-known seasoned issuer” under the WKSI Blanket Orders (as defined herein). See “Well-Known Seasoned Issuer”. All applicable information permitted under applicable laws, including as permitted under the WKSI Blanket Orders, to be omitted from this prospectus that has been omitted will be contained in one or more prospectus supplements that will be delivered to purchasers together with this prospectus, except in cases where an exemption from such delivery requirements is available. Each prospectus supplement will be incorporated by reference into this prospectus for the purposes of

securities legislation as of the date of the prospectus supplement and only for the purposes of the distribution of the securities to which the prospectus supplement pertains. Prospective investors should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement carefully before investing in any securities issued pursuant to this prospectus.

NEITHER THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (THE “SEC”) NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES REGULATOR HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

No underwriter has been involved in the preparation of this prospectus or performed any review of the contents of this prospectus.

Our securities may be sold pursuant to this prospectus through underwriters or dealers or directly or through agents designated from time to time at amounts and prices and other terms determined by us. In connection with any underwritten offering of securities, the underwriters may over-allot or effect transactions that stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities offered. Such transactions, if commenced, may discontinue at any time. See “Plan of Distribution”. A prospectus supplement will set out the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, or selling securityholders involved in the sale of our securities, the amounts, if any, to be purchased by underwriters, the plan of distribution for such securities, including the net proceeds we expect to receive from the sale of such securities, if any, the amounts and prices at which such securities are sold by us or any selling securityholders and the compensation of such underwriters, dealers or agents.

The Company’s securities may be sold pursuant to this prospectus by us or by any selling securityholders through underwriters or dealers or directly or through agents designated from time to time at amounts and prices and other terms determined by us or any selling securityholders. In connection with any underwritten offering of securities, excluding an “at-the-market distribution” as defined in National Instrument 44-102 – Shelf Distributions (an “ATM Distribution”), the underwriters may over-allot or effect transactions that stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities offered. Such transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. No underwriter or dealer involved in an ATM Distribution undertaken pursuant to any prospectus supplement, no affiliate of such an underwriter or dealer and no person or company acting jointly or in concert with such an underwriter or dealer will over-allot or effect transactions that stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities offered.

This prospectus may qualify an ATM Distribution. The Company’s securities may be sold, from time to time, in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices which may be changed or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market price or at negotiated prices, including sales in transactions that are deemed to be ATM Distributions, including sales made directly on the TSX, NYSE American or other existing trading markets for the securities. See “Plan of Distribution”.

Investment in the securities being offered is highly speculative and involves significant risks that you should consider before purchasing such securities. You should carefully review the risks outlined in this prospectus (including any prospectus supplement) and in the documents incorporated by reference as well as the information under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and consider such risks and information in connection with an investment in the securities. See “Risk Factors”.

Our head and registered office is located at Suite 1501 – 700 West Pender Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 1G8.

Fraz Siddiqui and Marshall Koval, both directors of the Company, reside outside of Canada and have appointed an agent for service of process in Canada. See “Agent for Service of Process.”

Investors should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide investors with different information. Information contained on our website shall not be deemed to be a part of this prospectus (including any applicable prospectus supplement) or incorporated by reference and should not be relied upon by prospective investors for the purpose of determining whether to invest in these securities. We will not make an offer, and any selling securityholders may not make an offer, of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. Investors should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the face page of this prospectus, the date of any applicable prospectus supplement, or the date of any documents incorporated by reference herein.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement and on the other information included in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or additional information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell or seeking an offer to buy the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front of those documents and that information contained in any document incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of that document, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or of any sale of our securities pursuant thereto. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

Market data and certain industry forecasts used in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement were obtained from market research, publicly available information and industry publications. We believe that these sources are generally reliable, but the accuracy and completeness of this information is not guaranteed. We have not independently verified such information, and we do not make any representation as to the accuracy of such information.

In this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts and references to “$” are to United States dollars and references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars.

In this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we”, “us”, “our” or similar terms, as well as references to “Equinox Gold” or the “Company”, refer to Equinox Gold Corp. together with our subsidiaries.

CAUTIONARY NOTE FOR UNITED STATES INVESTORS

We are permitted under the multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the securities regulatory authorities in Canada and the United States to prepare this prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference herein and any prospectus supplement, in accordance with the requirements of Canadian securities law, which differ from the requirements of United States securities laws. Financial statements included or incorporated by reference herein have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and thus may not be comparable to the financial statements of United States companies.

Disclosure regarding the Company’s mineral properties, including with respect to mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates included in this prospectus, was prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”). NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. NI 43-101 differs significantly from the disclosure requirements of the SEC generally applicable to U.S. companies. Accordingly, information contained in this prospectus is not comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies reporting pursuant to SEC disclosure requirements.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and forward-looking information

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within the meaning of Canadian securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements and information include, but are not limited to:

Forward-looking statements or information generally identified by the use of the words “will”, “advancing”, “strategy”, “plans”, “budget”, “anticipated”, “expected”, “estimated” and similar expressions and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “should”, “will be taken” or “be achieved”, or the negative connotation of such terms, are intended to identify forward-looking statements and information. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements and information are reasonable, undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements since the Company can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. The Company has based these forward-looking statements and information on the Company’s current expectations and projections about future events and these assumptions include:

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While the Company considers these assumptions to be reasonable based on information currently available, they may prove to be incorrect. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on the forward-looking statements or information contained in this prospectus or any document incorporated by reference. The Company cautions that forward-looking statements and information involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements or information contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and the Company has made assumptions and estimates based on or related to many of these factors. Such factors include, without limitation:

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Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein. This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of the Company’s forward-looking statements and information. Forward-looking statements and information are designed to help readers understand management’s views as of that time with respect to future events and speak only as of the date they are made. Except as required by applicable securities laws, the Company does not assume any obligation and does not intend to update or to publicly announce the results of any change to any forward-looking statement or information contained or incorporated by reference to reflect actual results, future events or developments, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting the forward-looking statements and information. If the Company updates any one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that the Company will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements and information contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Information has been incorporated by reference in this prospectus from documents filed with the securities commissions or similar authorities in Canada. Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference may be obtained on request without charge from the Corporate Secretary of Equinox Gold Corp. by mail at Suite 1501 – 700 West Pender Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 1G8, or by telephone at +1 604-558-0560 and are also available electronically under the Company’s profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov/edgar.

The following documents filed by the Company with the various securities commissions or similar authorities in the provinces and territories of Canada, are specifically incorporated by reference and form an integral part of this prospectus:

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Any documents of the type described in Section 11.1 of Form 44-101F1 – Short Form Prospectuses filed by the Company with a securities commission or similar authority in any province or territory of Canada subsequent to the date of this prospectus and prior to the expiry of this prospectus, or the completion of the issuance of securities pursuant hereto, will be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

To the extent that any document or information incorporated by reference into this prospectus is filed with, or furnished to, the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus, such document or information will be deemed to be incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. In addition, if and to the extent expressly indicated therein, we may incorporate by reference in this prospectus documents that we file with or furnish to the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

A prospectus supplement containing the specific terms of any offering of our securities will be delivered to purchasers of our securities together with this prospectus and will be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus as of the date of the prospectus supplement and only for the purposes of the offering of our securities to which that prospectus supplement pertains.

Any statement contained in this prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein, in any prospectus supplement hereto or in any other subsequently filed document that also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. The modifying or superseding statement need not state that it has modified or superseded a prior statement or include any other information set forth in the document that it modifies or supersedes. The making of a modifying or superseding statement is not to be deemed an admission for any purposes that the modified or superseded statement, when made, constituted a misrepresentation, an untrue statement of material fact or an omission to state a material fact that is required to be stated or is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances in which it was made. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

Upon our filing of a new annual information form and the related annual financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis with applicable securities regulatory authorities during the currency of this prospectus, the previous annual information form, the previous annual financial statements, the previous management’s discussion and analysis and all interim financial statements, supplemental information, material change reports and information circulars filed prior to the commencement of the financial year in which the new annual information form is filed will be deemed no longer to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus for purposes of future offers and sales of our securities under this prospectus. Upon interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying management’s discussion and analysis and material change report being filed by us with the applicable securities regulatory authorities during the duration of this prospectus, all interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying management’s discussion and analysis filed prior to the new interim consolidated financial statements shall be deemed no longer to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus for purposes of future offers and sales of securities under this prospectus.

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References to our website in any documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus do not incorporate by reference the information on such website into this prospectus, and we disclaim any such incorporation by reference.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A registration statement on Form F-10 will be filed by the Company with the SEC in respect of the offering of securities. The registration statement, of which this prospectus constitutes a part, contains additional information not included in this prospectus, certain items of which are contained in the exhibits to such registration statement, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

In addition to the Company’s continuous disclosure obligations under the securities laws of the provinces and territories of Canada, the Company is subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act, and in accordance therewith the Company files with or furnishes to the SEC reports and other information. The reports and other information that the Company files with or furnishes to the SEC are prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada, which differ in certain respects from those of the United States. As a foreign private issuer, the Company is exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and the Company’s officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, the Company may not be required to publish financial statements as promptly as U.S. companies. Copies of any documents that the Company has filed with the SEC are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT

The following documents have been or will be filed or furnished with the SEC as part of the registration statement on Form F-10 of which this prospectus forms a part: (i) the documents listed under the heading “Documents Incorporated by Reference”; (ii) powers of attorney from our directors and officers, as applicable; (iii) the consent of KPMG LLP; (iv) the consent of each “qualified person” for the purposes of NI 43-101 listed on the Exhibit Index of the registration statement; and (v) the form of debt indenture. A copy of the form of warrant indenture, subscription receipt agreement or statement of eligibility of trustee on Form T-1, as applicable, will be filed by post-effective amendment or by incorporation by reference to documents filed or furnished with the SEC under the Exchange Act.

NON-IFRS MEASURES

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein include certain terms or performance measures that are not defined under IFRS, including but not limited to cash costs and all-in sustaining costs (“AISC”). The Company believes that, in addition to conventional measures prepared in accordance with IFRS, certain investors use this information to evaluate the Company’s performance. The data presented is intended to provide additional information and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS. These non-IFRS measures should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis incorporated by reference herein. See “Non-IFRS Measures” in the Q2 MD&A.

EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

In this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts and references to “$” are to United States dollars and references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars.

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The following table sets forth for each period indicated: (i) the exchange rates in effect at the end of the period; (ii) the high and low exchange rates during such period; and (iii) the average exchange rates for such period, for one Canadian dollar, expressed in United States dollars, as quoted by the Bank of Canada.

On September 27, 2024, the daily exchange rate as quoted by the Bank of Canada was C$1.00 = $0.7408 ($1.00 = C$1.3499).

THE COMPANY

Name, Address and Incorporation

The Company was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “BCBCA”) on March 23, 2007, as “Waterloo Resources Ltd.” Subsequently, the Company’s name has been changed as follows:

Note:

The Company’s head and registered offices are located at Suite 1501 – 700 West Pender Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 1G8.

Equinox Gold is a reporting issuer or the equivalent under the securities legislation of all of the provinces and territories of Canada. Equinox Gold’s fiscal year end is December 31.

Intercorporate Relationships

The following chart illustrates the Company’s principal subsidiaries, together with the jurisdiction of incorporation or organization of each subsidiary and the percentage of voting securities beneficially owned or over which control or direction is exercised by the Company, as well as the Company’s mines and development projects. Unless indicated otherwise, each subsidiary is 100% owned by the Company.

(Chart on following page)

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Description of the Business

Equinox Gold is a growth-focused mining company delivering on its strategy of creating the premier Americas gold producer. In its first six years the Company has grown from a single-asset developer to a multi-asset gold producer with a portfolio of gold mines in the Americas, a multi-million-ounce gold reserve base and a strong growth profile from a pipeline of expansion projects.

Equinox Gold was created with the strategic vision of building a diversified, Americas-focused gold company that will responsibly and safely produce more than one million ounces of gold annually, bring long-term social and economic benefits to its host communities, create a safe and rewarding workplace for its employees and

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contractors and provide above average investment returns to its shareholders. To achieve its growth objectives, Equinox Gold intends to expand production from its current asset base through exploration and development and will also consider opportunities to acquire other companies, producing mines and development projects that fit the Company’s portfolio and strategy.

As of the date of this prospectus, Equinox Gold’s operating mines and development projects are as follows:

Equinox Gold’s material assets are Greenstone, Mesquite, Castle Mountain, Los Filos, Aurizona, Fazenda and Santa Luz. Equinox Gold has an experienced management team with a history of creating shareholder value and operational success. Equinox Gold’s corporate strategy is to continue to build on its existing portfolio of producing gold assets in the Americas.

Recent Developments

Since the date of the Q2 MD&A, there have been no recent developments.

MINERAL PROPERTY – GREENSTONE

Greenstone

This prospectus incorporates the Company’s Annual Information Form. After filing the Annual Information Form, the Company filed a new technical report for Greenstone, prepared in accordance with NI 43-101, entitled “Technical Report on the Greenstone Gold Mine, Geraldton, Ontario” with a report date of October 1, 2024 and an effective date of June 30, 2024 (the “Greenstone Technical Report”). The Greenstone Technical Report is prepared or certified by Alexandre Dorval, P.Eng., Réjean Sirois, P.Eng., Nicolas Vanier, P.Eng. and Carl Michaud, P.Eng., each of G Mining Services Inc. (“GMS”); Ken Bocking, P.Eng., of WSP Global Inc.; Michelle Fraser, P.Geo., of Stantec Consulting Limited; Pierre Roy, P.Eng., of Soutex Inc.; and Darrol van Deventer, P.Eng., of Equinox Gold.

Unless otherwise indicated, the information that follows relating to Greenstone is based on, derived substantially from, and in some instances is a direct extract from, the Greenstone Technical Report. The information below does not purport to be a complete summary of the Greenstone Technical Report and is based on assumptions, qualifications and procedures that are set out only in the Greenstone Technical Report; reference should be made to the full text of the Greenstone Technical Report, which Equinox Gold has filed under its SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.ca and its EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov/EDGAR and which is also available on Equinox Gold’s website at www.equinoxgold.com.

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The Greenstone Technical Report, even if referred to in a document incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus supplement, does not constitute part of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement and is not incorporated by reference therein.

1. Project Description, Location and Access

The Greenstone property (the “Greenstone Property”) is located in Ontario’s Thunder Bay Mining Division. The Greenstone Mine, formerly known as the Hardrock project, includes three blocks of claims known as the Hardrock, Brookbank and Viper areas, which are spread over a distance of more than 100 km and are in close proximity to the Trans-Canada Highway between the towns of Beardmore and Longlac, Ontario. The Hardrock claim group includes the Hardrock, Key Lake and Kailey Deposits. The Brookbank claim group hosts the Brookbank, Cherbourg and Foxear targets. The Greenstone Mine is in the southeast portion of the Hardrock claim group.

The Greenstone Mine consists of a contiguous block of cell claims, patented claims, mining leases and licences of occupation, covering 39,072.1 hectares (“ha”), of which 15,862.7 ha relates to Greenstone Mine claims, all as summarized in the Greenstone Technical Report. All claims, leases and licences of occupation are beneficially held by Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc. (“GGM”), subject to terms under several agreements. A leasehold patent of mining rights, surface rights, or both mining rights and surface rights, is a conveyance or grant of possession of land for a set length of time, and usually subject to rent payments. The Greenstone Mine is accessible year-round via paved roads from Geraldton or Highway 11.

The following section describes the Greenstone Mine within the Hardrock claim group. Additional information regarding Key Lake, Brookbank, Kailey and Viper areas is available in the Greenstone Technical Report.

Location

The Greenstone Mine area covered by the Mineral Resource estimate (“MRE”) in the Greenstone Technical Report is in the townships of Errington and Ashmore on NTS Sheet 42E/10, approximately 4 km south of Geraldton. The approximate coordinates of the geographic centre of the Greenstone Mine’s deposit resource areas are 49°40’47”N and 86°56’32”W (UTM Zone 16N coordinates: 504175.9E and 5503024N; NAD 83).

Royalties

The following royalties are in effect on some of the properties as listed in the Greenstone Technical Report:

In October 2018, a mining lease was granted over CLM 535, which covers the southern part of the Greenstone Mine area. The lease, LEA-109765, is subject to renewal in 2039. In December 2016, GGM acquired the surface rights for the patented claims in Errington and Ashmore townships – TB 10604 to TB 10608, TB 11879, TB 11885, TB 11886, and TB 11888.

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On May 13, 2024, Equinox Gold announced that the Company had completed its acquisition of the remaining 40% of GGM from certain funds managed by Orion Mine Finance LP, giving Equinox Gold 100% ownership of GGM and the Greenstone Mine.

As part of the Acquistion, the Company assumed obligations under a stream agreement with Nomad Royalty Company Ltd, dated October 28, 2021, as amended (“Stream Agreement”). Under the Stream Agreement, the Company is required to deliver an amount of refined gold equal to 2.375% of the gold produced from Greenstone, until the Company has delivered a cumulative total of 120,333 ounces, and 1.583% of the gold production from Greenstone thereafter. In exchange for the gold deliveries, the Company will receive consideration equal to 20% of the spot gold price at the time of delivery.

Permits

A range of permits and approvals required for mine construction and operations were obtained from numerous federal, provincial and municipal authorities. The Greenstone Technical Report lists all the permits.

With ongoing constraints in the public sector, GGM is monitoring the risk of agencies not meeting a reasonable timeframe for any on-going or future permitting approvals. To facilitate the approval timeframes, consultation with Indigenous communities and agencies is undertaken on key permit applications prior to submission. The permit that governs the annual mined quantities is in the process of being increased from 70 Mt/a to 72 Mt/a.

2. History and Exploration

There are several past producing gold mines on the Greenstone Property, including the Hardrock, MacLeod-Cockshutt, Mosher (all later combined as the consolidated Mosher), Little Long Lac, Bankfield, Jellicoe and Magnet mines. Reference should be made to the Greenstone Technical Report for a detailed description of the applicable exploration and production history.

The first gold discovery in the area of the Greenstone Property was made between 1916 and 1918 when a gold-bearing boulder was discovered south of the Main Narrows of Kenogamisis Lake. In 1931, W.W. “Hardrock” Smith discovered gold-bearing quartz stringers near the Hardrock Number 1 shaft, and Tom Johnson and Robert Wells discovered gold on Magnet Lake, which later hosted the Bankfield gold mine. T. A. Johnson and T. Oklend followed with the discovery of gold in a small quartz vein along the southern shore of Barton Bay on Kenogamisis Lake, which is now the location of the Little Long Lac property.

In 1934, the period of mine production in the area began with the Little Long Lac mine–the first successfully producing mine. To the west of the 1931 Hardrock discovery, F. MacLeod and A. Cockshutt staked claims and continually explored the area throughout the 1930s and 1940s. By the late 1940s, the F Zone, a low-grade, large-tonnage ore body in greywacke, was identified on both the MacLeod–Cockshutt and Hardrock properties.

Production on the Mosher Long Lac mine began in 1962 (west of, and immediately down-plunge of the same mineralized zones exploited in the MacLeod–Cockshutt mine); then, in 1967, the MacLeod–Cockshutt, Mosher, and Hardrock mines amalgamated and remained in production until 1970. The consolidated Hardrock, MacLeod–Cockshutt, and Mosher mines produced 2,146,326 ounces of gold at an average grade of approximately 0.14 ounces of gold per ton (~14 Mt at 4.9 g/t Au) in the period from 1934 to 1970.

In the 1980s, Lac Minerals Ltd. reviewed the remaining underground reserves and conducted litho-geochemistry, ground geophysical work, and 15,240 m of diamond drilling in 77 holes to target areas with open pit potential (e.g., Hardrock D and F; North and South Porphyry; and Porphyry Hill Zones).

In 1993, Asarco Exploration Company of Canada Limited (“Asarco”) carried out a program of reverse circulation (“RC”) overburden drilling and diamond drilling, the latter mainly focused on the near-surface portion of the F Zone and targets along the plunging nose of the albite porphyry.

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Asarco continued their exploration program into 1994, completing RC holes in overburden, sonic holes in historical tailings, and an additional 40,000 feet of diamond drilling, mainly on the targets. In 1996, Cyprus Canada Inc. drilled 24 holes, leading to the discovery of the B Zone. The agreement ended in 1997. Barrick Gold Corporation, through Lac Properties Inc. (“Lac Properties”), began a rehabilitation program, which continued until 2001. This saw construction of the current visitor’s centre, re-contouring and seeding of the historical MacLeod tailings near Highway 11, and capping of old mine shafts.

In 2000, Lac Properties retained Golder Associates Ltd. (“Golder”) to conduct a stability assessment of the F Zone crown pillar of the MacLeod–Cockshutt mine. During their investigation, Golder drilled a borehole (369.5 m) to determine whether caving had occurred above the stopes. Their study also included a literature review of the properties of the mined material at the Hardrock mine, rock mass classification of the rock core from the investigation borehole and a correlation of numerical modelling results with the field investigation and conclusions. The drilling allowed Golder to confirm that the crown pillar overlying the workings was intact at the time of the study. No unravelling or caving of the crown pillar above the working was observed. The classification of the rock mass overlying the workings indicated that the quality was “good” to “very good.” Due to the depth of the mine workings and the quality of the rock mass, it was not considered probable that significant caving could occur or would have an influence on the overlying ground surface.

In 2002, Lac Properties retained Golder to conduct a stability assessment of the crown pillar of the Hardrock mine. A total of 16 investigation boreholes (2,116.8 m) were drilled to determine whether caving in the crown of the stope had occurred. The study comprised a literature review of the properties of the mined material at the Hardrock mine, rock mass classification of the rock core from the investigation boreholes, and a correlation of numerical modelling results with the field investigation and conclusions. The drilling indicated that the crown pillar overlying the workings was intact at the time of the study. Golder observed no unravelling or caving of the crown pillar above the working, and no unexpected geometries were encountered. The classification of the rock mass overlying the workings indicated the quality to be “good”. Empirical, analytical, and numerical modelling of the stability of the crown pillar overlying the mined zone indicated the crown pillar to be stable, even when conservative values were used for stope geometries, strength, and rock mass classification, thus ensuring an additional built-in safety factor.

In 2007, Lac Properties drilled six geotechnical diamond drill holes totalling 1,208.1 m in the crown pillars.

In 2007, Premier Gold Mines Limited (“Premier”) began assembling the current property. The results of 1,629 drill holes were included in the 2016 feasibility study. A detailed chronological summary of the historical post-production work carried out on these mines since Premier’s acquisition is provided in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary of Post-Production Exploration Activity since Acquisition by Premier

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Note:

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3. Geological Setting, Mineralization and Deposit Types

Geology

The Greenstone Mine lies within the granite-greenstone Wabigoon Subprovince of the Archean Superior Craton in eastern Canada. The Wabigoon Subprovince, averaging 100 km wide, is exposed for some 900 km eastward from Manitoba and Minnesota, beneath the Mesoproterozoic cover of the Nipigon Embayment, to the Phanerozoic cover of the James Bay Lowlands. The Wabigoon Subprovince can be subdivided into western greenstone-rich domains in the Lake of the Woods-Savant Lake and Rainy Lake Areas, a central dominantly plutonic domain, and an eastern greenstone-rich domain in the Beardmore-Geraldton Area.

The Hardrock property is located within the Beardmore-Geraldton Greenstone Belt that contains several narrow, east-west striking sequences of volcanic and sedimentary rocks of Archean age. The southern edges of these sequences are spatially related to the through-going, major structural discontinuities thought to be thrust faults that have imbricated the sedimentary sequences. In the Geraldton area, most of the gold mines and a number of gold showings occur within or proximal to the Bankfield-Tombill Deformation Zone (also known as the Barton Bay Deformation Zone), a zone of folding and shearing up to 1 km wide. The southern limit of the Bankfield-Tombill Deformation Zone is marked by the Bankfield-Tombill Fault, a zone of intense shearing up to 12 m wide.

In the immediate Geraldton area, the dominant rock types are clastic sediments (greywacke and arenite), oxide facies iron formations (“BIF”) and minor mafic metavolcanics. There are a number of younger intrusives, including an albite-rich porphyry unit (“Hardrock Porphyry”) that is spatially associated with much of the gold mineralization on the Hardrock, MacLeod-Cockshutt and Mosher mines. Significant gold mineralization is also often spatially associated with BIF. In the case of the Little Long Lac mine, gold mineralization is primarily hosted by an arkosic unit.

Gold mineralization occurs in a variety of host rocks and the style of mineralization is partly a function of the host rock. While the location and overall orientation of the orebodies appear to have been largely structurally controlled, the deformation of the orebodies has not been as intense as that of the host rocks. Nevertheless, there are areas where local folding and boudinage of mineralized veins is apparent. Additionally, there are strong secondary controls that influence the extent and intensity of gold mineralization, such as the competency contrast between host rocks (e.g., the Hardrock Porphyry and its contacts with either wacke or BIF) and the chemical character of the host rocks (e.g., oxide facies BIF being replaced by sulphides).

Intrusive rocks include the Hardrock Porphyry, diorite, gabbro, and diabase dykes. It is of interest that the Hardrock Porphyry seems to be sill-like in nature, even though it is tightly folded and the contacts between it and the sedimentary units are often highly deformed. The general scale and folding pattern of the porphyry very closely match the geometry of the conglomerate unit that occurs in the vicinity of the Hardrock and MacLeod-Cockshutt Mines.

Mineralization

Most mineralized occurrences in the Hardrock deposit area lie in a zone of deformation to the immediate north of, and genetically linked to, the Tombill-Bankfield Deformation Zone. This zone of deformation varies from 600 m to 100 m in total width, while the crush zone of the Tombill-Bankfield Fault proper ranges from metres to hundreds of metres in width. Gold mineralization is associated with D3 brittle shear zones and folds overprinting regional F2 folds. The plunge of the mineralized zones is parallel to F3 fold axes and to the intersection of D3 shear zones with F2 and F3 folds. On a sub province scale, regional folds cut by D3 dextral shear zones are promising targets for discovering the next generation of large gold deposits.

The interpretation of the mineralized zones by GMS is based on a litho-structural model developed by InnovExplo, but greatly simplifies the domains. As compared to the 2016 feasibility block model, some wide

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domains that encompassed significant amounts of internal dilution have been re- interpreted, such that higher-grade portions have been made more distinct. In the updated model, lithological domains and mineralized zones are located inside three areas.

The North Domain consists of a refolded (F3 overprinting F2) sequence of BIF and greywacke, with minor porphyry and gabbros. A Central Domain consisting mainly of an undifferentiated greywacke sequence and a mineralized portion of this greywacke, defined as the Mineralized Central Wacke, which are both likely sheared and folded. Three mineralized zones have been defined within the Central Domain to constrain zones of higher-grade gold mineralization inside the Mineralized Central Wacke. A South Domain is characterized by a tightly folded (F2) stratigraphic sequence. Five mineralized zones have been defined within the South Domain, in which gold mineralization appears primarily associated with the “main” anticline (Hardrock Anticline) and preferentially within both BIFs.

Zones which are categorized as quartz-carbonate stringer mineralization include F Zone, F2 Zone, A Zone, SP Zone, Central Zone and Tenacity Zone. Mineralization within these zones generally consists of a series of narrow, tightly asymmetrically folded gold-bearing quartz-carbonate stringers, which are usually attenuated, transposed and dislocated in hook-like segments. The stringers are accompanied by a gold-bearing quartz-sericite-pyrite (±arsenopyrite) alteration halo about the stringers. It is the accumulation of a number of stringers and associated alteration halos that constitutes the zones. Individual stringers and their associated alteration haloes within the mineralized zones are often high-grade with minute flecks and clusters of visible gold. Assay results of up to, and often greater than, 30 g/t Au are attainable from some stringers. Overall, zones having average grades of 4 g/t Au as individual stringers are too narrow and discontinuous to consider mining as separate higher-grade zones.

Zones that are categorized as sulphide replacement mineralization include the North 1, North 2 and North 3 zones, and the SP Zone. The nature of the mineralization within these zones is best understood from the historical work completed on the North 1 Zone. Mineralization within these zones occurs as variable pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite replacement of iron oxide at the margins of quartz veins, within the hinge zones of folded BIFs. The auriferous sulphide replacement appears to have migrated outwards along the iron oxide bands from gold-bearing quartz-carbonate stringers occupying brittle axial planar tension fractures. This replacement mineralization yields grades of 7 g/t Au or greater.

Deposit Types

The gold ore bodies at the Greenstone Mine are one of the type examples for BIF-hosted gold deposits. The Greenstone Mine recognizes and presents the following subtypes: non-stratiform deposits and Greenstone-hosted quartz-carbonate vein deposits.

4. Drilling

Between May 26, 2014 and November 18, 2015, GGM added 157 diamond drill holes (“DDH”) on the Hardrock deposit for a total of 54,027 m. One DDH-MM043 – included in the 2014 MRE was also deepened, from 456 to 655 m, representing a total of 199 m of new metreage. Seventy-nine DDHs were re-sampled to add new assay results in the 2016 MRE. These holes represent a total of 8,733 m and 6,411 samples included in the 2016 Greenstone project database.

A collar re-survey campaign, using the Trimble RTK survey instrument, took place in the summer of 2014 for a total of 536 drill holes for which casing was found.

Since 2018, the site surveyor and geologists spotted the reverse circulation grade control (“RCGC”) and blastholes using a Trimble RTK system using the coordinates planned by GMS or GGM. In the event of unstable or poor ground access, the hole was moved a few metres. The drill is aligned to the proper azimuth and dip using a Reflex Astronomic Positioning System. Down-hole surveys were taken every 30 m in the diamond drill holes using a REFLEX EZ-GYRO instrument.

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The 2018 RCGC and down-the-hole (blasthole) drilling campaigns were resource definition programs, designed to de-risk the project and focus on increasing the confidence level in the Mineral Resources in the initial years of production. The drilling took place on five key areas. Area 1 was not accessible due to flooding.

From May 24, 2018 to September 6, 2018, 405 RCGC drill holes, totaling 19,995 m, were completed on the Greenstone Property. The program targeted five areas defined by their geographic and lithological properties.

RCGC holes were planned 10 m apart north-south and 20 m apart east-west. On average, the RCGC holes were oriented true north or south and drilled within inclination -50 degrees to a depth of 50 m. The results obtained from the RCGC drilling program confirmed the continuity of grade in all areas. All RCGC material (chip trays from logging, rejects and representative samples) are stored on site in sea containers at GGM’s Magnet property.

Additionally, Epiroc Canada Inc. drilled 62 blastholes totaling 535 m. The program occurred concurrently with the RCGC drilling program and aimed to further increase the confidence in the Mineral Resources in the F Zone, headframe and Porphyry Hill area to test the performance and viability of blasthole drilling for the Hardrock deposit.

The blastholes were planned with a tighter spacing of approximately 6 m north-south and east-west. The blastholes were on average 10 m deep and drilled vertically.

The 2019 drilling program consisted of 76 RCGC drill holes totalling 5,946 m, of which 5,527 m were assayed, and 54 NQ size DDHs for 12,108 m, of which 10,470 m were assayed. These were resource-definition and grade-control programs designed to provide better definition in high-potential areas of the Hardrock deposit and to increase the confidence level in the Mineral Resource in the initial years of production.

RCGC holes were planned with a spacing of 20 m north-south and 20 m in the east-west. On average, the RCGC holes were 100 m deep and had a dip of -50 degrees, oriented true north or south. The 2019 drilling program outcomes are detailed below:

A significant drilling campaign was conducted during the winter of 2021/2022, targeting inferred blocks at depth and to the east of the pit design outlined in the 2019 feasibility study. Fifty-six diamond drill holes totalling 15,421 m, and 67 RC drill holes totalling 4,189 m were drilled.

GMS was retained to update the mineral resource block model for the Hardrock deposit, incorporating new drilling undertaken since the release of previous block model as part of the 2019 feasibility study. The scope of work for the 2022 block model update is described below:

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The current MRE is based on these models. Small adjustments were made to the resource categorization using the latest surfaces. Those block models were filtered by the current topography, pit designs, whittle shells, and latest optimization parameters up to June 30, 2024.

Significant RCGC drilling campaigns were conducted since September 2022. The goal of these campaigns was to improve the final gold estimate of the mineralized zones to be mined inside the current open pit operation. In all, 496 RCGC holes totalling 28,002 m were drilled. Since the beginning of the operation a total of 18,255 vertical blastholes of 10 m length were sampled for gold. This information helped the grade-control department to better delineate additional mineralization outside of the main wireframes. RCGC and blasthole gold assays are not used in the current MRE.

During various visits to Greenstone, GMS reviewed drilling procedures, occasionally observed RC drilling, and inspected sampling and core storage facilities. Core recovery is excellent throughout the deposit, and recoveries from near-surface RC drilling were judged acceptable. Drilling methods (both diamond drilling and RC drilling) adhered to industry standard practices, and representative samples were obtained.

5. Sampling, Analysis and Data Verification

Laboratories

The Geraldton facility belonging to Activation Laboratories Ltd (“Actlabs Geraldton”) was used for the entire drilling and channelling programs. Actlabs Geraldton has received ISO 9001:2008 certification through Kiwa International Cert GmbH. Actlabs Geraldton was an independent commercial laboratory. GGM purchased the Geraldton facility from Actlabs Geraldton in March 2024 and has been operating it since.

All re-assaying of batches (pulps) was undertaken at Australian Laboratory Services (“ALS”) - Chemex in Thunder Bay. ALS-Chemex laboratory is part of the ALS Global Group and has ISO 9001 certification and ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation through the Standards Council of Canada. ALS-Chemex is an independent commercial laboratory.

Quality Control Sample Preparation by GGM

All Quality Assurance/Quality Control (“QC”) samples are prepared and bagged in advance by GGM personnel. The GGM employee in the core-cutting facilities places one half of the ticket into a bag with the sample and staples the other half to the box. One half of each QC sample ticket is placed in the appropriate type of control sample bag, which was prepared beforehand. A list of QC samples and their numbers/locations is posted on the wall in the core logging facility (core shack) and regularly updated by GGM personnel. Five to seven samples are placed in a rice bag and the contents identified on the outside of the bag. Each bag and its contents are recorded on a notepad and placed in a plastic holder once complete. These slips are picked up each morning by a GGM employee and recorded in an Excel spreadsheet. Once the batches are complete, GGM personnel deliver the bags to Actlabs Geraldton; no third party is involved in transportation.

Samples selected for analysis are sent in batches of 34. Each purchase order covers one batch of 34 samples, consisting of:

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As a QC check, Actlabs Geraldton adds a 35th sample to every field batch received – a coarse duplicate of the last regular sample (ie. the 30th sample), constituting a second pulp prepared from the reject. The quality of the reject is monitored to ensure that proper preparation procedures are used during crushing. For the fusion process, Actlabs Geraldton adds seven more QC samples (two analytical blanks, two CRMs and three pulp duplicates), bringing the fusible batch to 42. The pulp duplicates are necessary to ensure that proper preparation procedures are used during pulverization.

At Actlabs Geraldton, the maximum furnace charge of 42 samples ensures that GGM samples are not mixed with others.

Fire Assay Procedures (Actlabs Geraldton)

Samples (50 g each) are sent to the fire assay area, numbered and in order (usually 1 to 34+1). A rack of 42 crucibles is then labelled with an assigned letter code and numbered 1 to 42. The mixture is placed in a fire clay crucible. The mixture is then preheated to 850°C, intermediate at 950°C and finished at 1,060°C, with the entire fusion process lasting sixty minutes. The crucibles are then removed from the assay furnace and the molten slag (lighter material) is carefully poured from the crucible into a mould, leaving a lead button at the base of the mould. The lead button is then placed in a preheated cupel, which absorbs the lead when cupelled at 950°C to recover the gold (doré bead) + Au. The entire silver doré bead is dissolved in aqua regia and the gold content is determined by atomic absorption (“AA”) finish (1A2-50 code).

On each tray of 42 samples, there are two blanks, three sample duplicates and two CRMs – one high and one low (QC = 7 out of 42 samples).

All samples assaying grades over 5.0 g/t Au with AA were re-run with gravimetric finish to ensure accurate values. After the fire assay procedures, gold is separated from the silver in the doré bead by parting with nitric acid. The resulting gold flake is annealed using a torch. The gold flake remaining is weighed gravimetrically on a microbalance.

Fire Assay Procedures with Gravimetric or AA Finish (ALS-Chemex Thunder Bay)

The fire assay technique uses high temperature and flux to “melt” the rock and allows the gold to be collected. Lead formed from the reduction of litharge is traditionally used as the collecting medium for silver and gold. The test sample is intimately mixed with a suitable flux that will fuse at high temperatures with the gangue minerals present in the sample to produce a slag that is liquid at the fusion temperature. The liberated precious metals are scavenged by the molten lead and gravitate to the bottom of the fusion crucible.

Upon cooling, the lead button is separated from the slag and processed in a separate furnace for high-temperature oxidation (cupellation), where the lead is removed, leaving the precious metals behind as a metallic bead called a prill. Traditionally, this prill was then partially dissolved in nitric acid (parted) to remove silver and the remaining gold determined by weighing (gravimetry). Alternatively, the prill can be dissolved in a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acid (aqua regia) and the concentration determined by spectroscopic methods.

For the AA finish method, a pulp sample is fused with a mixture of lead oxide, sodium carbonate, borax, silica and other reagents as required, then inquarted with 6 mg of gold-free silver and cupelled to yield a precious metal bead. The bead is digested in 0.5 mL dilute nitric acid in the microwave oven. The 0.5 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid is then added, and the bead is further digested in the microwave at a lower power setting. The digested solution is cooled, diluted to a total volume of 4 mL with de-mineralized water, and analyzed by AA spectroscopy against matrix-matched standards.

For the gravimetric finish method, a pulp sample is fused with a mixture of lead oxide, sodium carbonate, borax, silica and other reagents to produce a lead button. The lead button containing the precious metals is cupelled to remove the lead. The remaining gold and silver bead is parted in dilute nitric acid, annealed and weighed as gold. Silver, if requested, is then determined by the difference in weight.

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At the ALS-Chemex laboratory, the batch size for all fire assay methods is 84, including six internal QCs. Therefore, 78 client samples can be taken per batch.

The maximum furnace charge of 78 client samples ensures that GGM samples are not mixed with others.

QP Conclusions

A statistical analysis of the QC data provided by GGM did not reveal any significant analytical issues. GMS is of the opinion that the sample preparation, analysis, QC and security protocols used for the Greenstone Mine follow generally accepted industry standards and that the data are of sufficient quality to be used for Mineral Resource estimation.

Data Verification

This section summarizes data verification procedures updated from the 2021 technical report, issued January 26, 2021. As the 2021 MRE database formed the basis for the 2024 MRE reporting, this information is valid and are described in the Greenstone Technical Report.

A new drilling database export was supplied to GMS on March 23, 2022. The previous database used by GMS was a patchwork of the original 2016 drilling database along with two subsequent drilling campaigns (separated into RC and DDH databases) which became cumbersome and difficult to work with. GMS excluded un-assayed geotechnical holes, blastholes, abandoned holes with redrills, and channels from the MRE, consistent with the 2019 approach. QC results were reviewed pertaining to the winter 2021–2022 drilling campaign with GGM geologists on site; no material issues were found. Any QC failures resulted in the reanalysis of the batch according to the GGM internal QC protocols.

Overall, the responsible qualified persons are of the opinion that GGM’s protocols for drilling, sampling, analysis, security, and database management meet industry standard practices. The 2022 and 2024 data verification process demonstrated the validity of the data and protocols for the Greenstone Mine. The responsible qualified persons consider the GGM database to be valid and of sufficient quality to be used for the Mineral Resource estimation.

6. Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing

The process design criteria have been established based on testwork results, GGM and vendor recommendations or requirements and industry practices.

Between 2011 and 2013, mineralogy, grindability, and gold recovery testwork was performed by SGS Lakefield Research Limited (“SGS Lakefield”) and McClelland Laboratories Inc. (“McClelland”). The SGS Lakefield testwork showed that the ore is composed mainly of quartz and plagioclase with minor amounts of pyrite and arsenopyrite; gold occurs mainly as native gold; the ore is in the category of medium hardness to moderately hard; a portion of the gold can be recovered by gravity concentration; and gold can be recovered to a bulk flotation concentrate. The subsequent McClelland testwork showed that gold recovery increased with finer grind size and was unaffected by cyanide concentration.

During the March 2014 preliminary economic assessment and 2016 feasibility study, additional testwork was carried out by SGS Lakefield, JKTech Pty Ltd. and FLSmidth. Primarily, high pressure grinding roll (“HPGR”) tests confirmed the ore amenability for high-pressure grinding, and facilitated equipment selection and operating cost estimation. Grindability, head grade determination, mineralogy, magnetic separation, gravity recovery, flotation, cyanidation, cyanide destruction, solid-liquid separation, and other tests were completed. Additional thickening and rheology testwork was carried out to determine the sizing and operating parameters of a pre-leach thickener.

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The HPGR testing program included laboratory-scale tests to determine the amenability of the ore to HPGR milling and yield preliminary sizing data; abrasion tests to predict the service life of the rolls; and a large-scale pilot-plant test to size the equipment. Bond grindability testing was performed to evaluate the Ball Work Index reduction of the HPGR product compared to the feed. A detailed comminution trade off study recommended two-stage crushing followed by HPGR and ball milling over crushing followed by semi-autogenous milling and ball milling, to reduce throughput risk and increase energy efficiency.

In the detailed engineering phase, additional leach testwork was carried out on near-surface samples from the 2018 drilling campaign to characterize gold recovery, oxygen consumption, solid-liquid separation, and rheology.

A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to estimate gold recovery based on ore grade and mineralogical composition. The results of the cyanidation tests conducted on composites were used as the basis for the analysis. The residual gold grade from the cyanidation testwork was found to be highly correlated to the gold, arsenic, and sulphur head sample grades, and somewhat less on grind size. The gold recovery process consists of a crushing circuit (gyratory and cone), a grinding circuit (HPGR and ball mill), pre-leach thickening and cyanide leaching, a carbon in pulp (“CIP”) circuit, carbon elution and regeneration, electrowinning and gold refining, cyanide destruction and tailings disposal. The plant is designed to operate at a throughput of 27,000 t/d. The process operation schedule is 24 hours per day, 365 days per year, with an overall availability of 92%.

Gold production averages 389 koz for the first five years of production (commencing January 2025 to December 2029), with an average head grade of 1.36 g/t Au and an average metallurgical recovery of 90.8%. LOM production (commencing January 2025 to April 2039) averages 332 koz with an average head grade of 1.21 g/t Au and an average metallurgical recovery of 90.8%.

7. Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates

Mineral Resource Estimates

Since the previous MRE was released in 2021, substantial drilling has been conducted and was successful in de-risking the MRE for the early years of production.

RCGC drilling on a 20 m (X) by 10 m (Y) spacing was undertaken in 2018, 2019, 2021 and 2022, targeting the first three benches of production, and partially tested an additional four benches in certain areas. In 2022, diamond drilling was undertaken in areas identified as requiring infill drilling and resulted in the validation of the new geological interpretation and confirmation of the grade continuity.

The in-pit Mineral Resources of the Hardrock deposit are constrained within the design pit using a cut-off grade of 0.30 g/t Au. In addition to in pit Mineral Resources, an underground MRE was estimated adjacent to and below the open pit using a 2.0 g/t Au cut-off grade. The open pit and underground Mineral Resources (exclusive of Mineral Reserves) are summarized in Table 2.

The MRE covers a corridor of the Hardrock deposit with a strike length of 5.7 km and a width of approximately 1.7 km, down to a vertical depth of 1.8 km below surface. Mineralized zones were interpreted in 3-D using Leapfrog GEO software based on a litho-structural model and the drill-hole database. The drill-hole database used in the estimate contained 462,540 sampled intervals from 738,232 m of diamond drilling in 1,846 holes, and 27,389 assay results from 30,183 m of RCGC drilling in 549 holes. Channel samples and blasthole samples were not used in the estimation.

Mineral Resources were estimated by applying a minimum true thickness of 3.0 m and using the grade of the adjacent material when assayed, or a value of zero when not assayed. High-grade capping on raw assay data was established on a per-zone basis. Compositing was conducted on drill-hole sections falling within the mineralized zones (composite = 2 m). Mineral Resources were estimated using 3-D block modelling and 3-pass Inverse Distance Cubed interpolation with high-grade restraining.

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Mineral Resources were classified as Measured in areas within 15 m of the RCGC drilling, and as Indicated in areas where the maximum distance to drill-hole composites was less than 35 m for blocks interpolated in Passes 1 and 2 (using a minimum of two drill holes). Mineral Resources were classified as Inferred in remaining blocks interpolated during Passes 1 to 3. Lastly, all blocks in the underground Mineral Resource estimated in Pass 1 to 3 in the external grade shell domain (500, 501 and 506) were downgraded to Inferred category.

Table 2: Mineral Resource Estimate (Exclusive of Mineral Reserves) for Greenstone Mine

Notes:

GMS is not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title-related, taxation, socio-political, marketing or other relevant issue that could materially affect the MRE.

Mineral Reserve Estimate

The Mineral Reserve for the Greenstone Mine’s open pit is shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Greenstone Mine Open Pit Mineral Reserve Estimate

Notes:

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The Mineral Reserve estimate is consistent with the CIM Definitions and is suitable for public reporting. As such, the Mineral Reserves are based on Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources, and do not include any Inferred Mineral Resources. Indicated Mineral Resources were converted into Probable Mineral Reserves and Measured Mineral Resources into Proven Mineral Reserves. The Inferred Mineral Resources contained within the mine design are classified as waste.

Open pit optimization was conducted using Whittle software to determine the optimal economic shape of the open pit to guide the pit design process. The Mineral Reserve estimate includes a 17.2% mining dilution factor and a 1.2% ore loss factor.

8. Mining Operations

Mining is being carried out using conventional open pit techniques with 10 m benches. An Owner-mined operation is in place, with hydraulic shovels and mining trucks, including outsourcing of certain support activities such as explosives manufacturing and blasting.

Production drilling of the 10 m benches is performed by blasthole drill rigs with both rotary and down-the-hole drilling capability. Blastholes are loaded with bulk emulsion. The majority of the loading in the pit is carried out by two 29 m3 hydraulic face shovels, one 15m³ hydraulic excavator, and one 30 m³ front-end wheel loader. Haulage is performed with a combination of 224-tonne (Caterpillar 793-08) and 216-tonne (Caterpillar 793F) mine haul trucks. The presence of historical underground stopes was considered when designing the pit, mainly for the voids in the F Zone. Most of the other underground openings are backfilled with sand fill or rock fill.

Mining of the Hardrock pit will occur in five main phases. Waste rock will be disposed of in four distinct waste dumps with three located around the pit and one further to the south. The open pit generates 788.6 Mt of overburden and waste rock (inclusive of historical tailings and underground backfill) over the life of mine (“LOM”) for an average LOM strip ratio of 5.5:1.

The LOM plan provides 15 years of mine production (from the third quarter of 2024 to the second quarter of 2039). Annual mine material movement peaks at 72 Mt in 2025 and is maintained for 10 years until 2034. Material movement gradually declines from 2035 until the end of the mine life in 2039. The maximum processing plant production targets 27,000 t/d (9.86 Mt/a), which is achieved in 2025 and is sustained until 2038.

9. Processing and Recovery Operations

The plant will ramp up to the nameplate capacity of 27,000 t/d in approximately one year (grind size of P80 90 µm). The grinding circuit includes an HPGR, two identical ball mills and two identical gravity concentrators. The mill operation schedule is 24 h/d, 365 d/a with an overall availability of 92%. Crushing plant and processing plant equipment design factors allow for a margin of error in the sizing of the equipment. The key general process design criteria are presented in Table 4.

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Table 4: Key General Process Design Criteria

The gold recovery process for the Greenstone Mine consists of a crushing circuit (primary gyratory and secondary cone); an HPGR and ball mill grinding circuit with gravity recovery; pre-leach thickening; cyanide leaching, CIP adsorption; elution and regeneration; electrowinning and refining; cyanide destruction; and tailings deposition.

The service areas include reagent preparation, compressed air, oxygen plant and sulphur dioxide storage and distribution. The water management system covers all the fresh, reclaim, process, potable, fire and gland-water storage and pumping. An on-site sewage treatment plant processes domestic wastewater, discharging to the environment. Tailings reclaim and collected contact water will be used for process water, with excess contact water treated and discharged to the environment.

10. Infrastructure, Permitting and Compliance Activities

Infrastructure

General

The Greenstone Mine is within a district that is host to numerous mines and processing facilities and has access to good transportation and regional mining-related infrastructure. The Greenstone Mine is near the Trans-Canada Highway 11, TransCanada PipeLines Limited Canadian Mainline (“TCPL Mainline”) natural gas pipeline, a Hydro One electrical substation, and the town of Geraldton hosts a municipal airport, which has a 1,500 m runway capable of accommodating small charter aircraft. Geraldton has its own potable water treatment system and water distribution network.

The general infrastructure to support mining and processing activities includes:

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A length of Trans-Canada Highway 11, a Hydro One 115 kV station, and a Ministry of Transportation Ontario patrol station were relocated to allow development of the Mine. Existing infrastructure within the footprint of the property limits that will need to be relocated in the future includes:

The existing Hydro One grid is insufficient for powering the processing facilities and associated infrastructure. A 65 MW natural gas-fired power plant was constructed, with a designed capacity of 46.5 MW, which includes a pipeline originating from the existing TCPL Mainline pipeline directly to the site power plant.

Water Management

Two types of effluents will be generated during Greenstone Mine activities: mine effluent and sanitary effluent. The water quality standards applicable to mine effluent are defined in the applicable Environmental Compliance Approvals (“ECA”) and Federal Metal and Diamond Mining Effluent Regulations (“MDMER”) Effluent Criteria. The ECAs identify discharge locations and quality criteria for both mine and sanitary effluents discharging to the Southwest Arm of Kenogamisis Lake which are protective of the receiving environment. The effluent criteria meet and exceed MDMER criteria at the end of the pipe and the Provincial Water Quality Objectives for parameters are met within a small mixing zone in the receiving waterbody.

Collected mine water, surface runoff water and underground workings water will be directed through various runoff and seepage collection ponds to the centralized mine water Collection Pond M1, which is designed to provide buffer flows for mill make-up water, with excess water sent to the effluent water treatment plant for treatment prior to discharge to the Southwest Arm of Kenogamisis Lake. A seepage collection system was installed to manage seepage from the historical Macleod tailings. Surface water runoff from the exterior of the tailings management facility (the “TMF”) dams and any seepage through the dams or foundations is collected in a series of ponds and pumped back into the TMF reservoir for reuse in processing.

Tailings Management Facility

The TMF is a series of constructed dams with a final maximum height of 35 m and crest length of approximately 7,400 m. The TMF is currently designed to receive approximately 145 million tonnes (Mt) of mill and historical tailings at an average dry density of 1.34 t/m³. A cyanide destruction system is used to process all tailings water before it is sent to the TMF. An allowance has been made within the TMF to store the historical tailings and contaminated soils being relocated from the open pit area.

The TMF dams are and will continue to be constructed primarily using waste rock from mining operations. The dams will be constructed in stages and in the downstream direction. Construction of the TMF starter dams was completed in 2023. The first (Stage 1) dam raise will be completed in 2024 to a crest elevation of 344 m, and the planned ultimate crest elevation will be 365 m.

Tailings geochemistry indicates that less than 10% of the ore is considered potentially acid generating. This amount will be reduced through oxidization during ore processing, thereby reducing the overall acid rock drainage potential for the tailings.

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Tailings are deposited in the TMF from the dam crests as a conventional slurry to produce a wide exposed beach. This beach will displace the tailings pond away from the dams towards natural ground along the western edge of the facility to enhance long-term dam stability. A barge-mounted pump system, located near the north side of the TMF, reclaims water from the TMF pond and pumps it back to the processing plant.

Closure of the TMF involves lowering of the spillway and vegetating the exposed tailings beaches. Runoff from the pond, when deemed suitable for discharge to the environment, will be directed through the spillway.

Permitting and Compliance

Environmental baseline studies were conducted for the Greenstone Mine between 2013 and 2021 and were used to identify environmental constraints during the development of layouts and designs for the Greenstone Mine. This environmental baseline was the basis for determining incremental changes and predicting environmental effects associated with the Mine.

A final environmental impact statement / environmental assessment (“EIS/EA”) was completed and a Notice of Approval was issued by the provincial regulatory agency and a Decision Statement was issued by the federal regulatory agency. GGM submitted a Closure Plan and Financial Assurance to the Ministry of Mines, which received approval on March 30, 2021. Since approval of the initial closure plan, GGM has filed two amendments, one in December 2023 and another in August 2024 to account for detailed design and to address measures implemented to mitigate erosion of the Goldfield Creek diversion channel.

The results of the final EIS/EA, including implementing the identified mitigation measures, supports the conclusion that the Greenstone Mine will not cause significant adverse environmental effects. Since completing the final EIS/EA, GGM has completed slight modifications of Greenstone Mine components, which form the basis for the final mine plan used for the Greenstone Technical Report. Active consultation with stakeholders (community members, agencies and interested parties) and Indigenous communities has been undertaken throughout Greenstone Mine planning, permitting, and detailed engineering and will continue through operation and closure of the Greenstone Mine.

GGM has established Long Term Relationship Agreements with five local Indigenous communities. The agreements establish increased clarity regarding GGM’s ability to develop the Greenstone Mine and the Indigenous communities’ opportunity to benefit from future mining opportunities in the region, including the potential to extend the life of the Greenstone Mine.

The GGM Indigenous Relations team meets regularly with local Indigenous communities discussing employment, training, and procurement opportunities through the Implementation Committee (“IC”). The IC comprises members of each of the partnering communities and provides an ongoing forum for communication and co-operative measures for supporting Indigenous participation levels in the Mine. This provides an avenue for community members to voice concerns or questions they may have and to receive feedback from GGM.

The Environmental Sub-Committee (“EAS”) reports to the IC and provides a forum for timely review and consultation and comment on Project Approvals and Environmental Mitigation & Monitoring Plans. The EAS considers and recommends appropriate testing, studies, or programs. Five Environmental Technicians from Aroland First Nation, Animbiigoo Zaagi’igan Anishinaabek, Ginoogaming First Nation, Long Lake #58 First Nation, and Métis Nation of Ontario actively participate in the daily operation of the GGM Environmental Department.

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11. Capital and Operating Costs

Capital Costs Estimates

The non-sustaining capital cost is shown in Table 5 and is estimated to be $318.4 million for the LOM operating period.

Table 5: Non-Sustaining Capital Cost LOM Summary

Major items included in the non-sustaining capital include the relocation cost of the Ontario Provincial Police station, the payment for the off-site laboratory purchase (located in Geraldton), the purchase of the seventh gas-powered generator, all the lease payments for the mining fleet, the cost of the MacLeod Township demolition, and the rehabilitation work for the Goldfield Creek diversion.

The sustaining capital cost is shown in Table 6 and is estimated to be $608.8 million for the LOM operating period.

Table 6: Sustaining Capital Cost LOM Summary

Major items included in the sustaining capital include major capital repairs for the mining fleet, TMF expansions, new mining fleet equipment purchases, a new camp accommodation area, and strategic spares for the processing plant.

In addition, a portion of the major waste-stripping costs for the open pit is capitalized. If the waste stripping volume in any quarterly period is greater than the waste-stripping level of the overall average LOM stripping ratio, then it is considered as capitalized stripping. The total LOM capital stripping is $338 million.

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Operating Costs Summary

Operating costs are summarized in Table 7. The operating costs include mining, processing and G&A. The average operating cost is $845/oz Au or $30.22/t milled over the LOM operating period.

Table 7: Operating Costs Summary