Form 6-K - Report of foreign issuer [Rules 13a-16 and 15d-16]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 UNDER

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of: August 2023

Commission file number 001-36897

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

1255 Bay Street, Suite 600

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

M5R 2A9

(Address of principal executive office)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

Form 20-F [ ] Form 40-F [X]

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.

		FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION



Date: August 3, 2023		/s/ Jeremy Rakusin
		Name: Jeremy Rakusin
		Title: Chief Financial Officer

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit	Description of Exhibit

99.1	Interim consolidated financial statements and management’s discussion & analysis for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023.

Exhibit 99.1

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Second Quarter

June 30, 2023

Page 2 of 14

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of US dollars, except per share amounts) - in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America

	Three months					Six months
	ended June 30					ended June 30
		2023			2022		2023			2022

Revenues (note 3)	$	1,119,734		$	930,707	$	2,138,179		$	1,765,279

Cost of revenues		754,263			638,475		1,454,527			1,214,309
Selling, general and administrative expenses		252,465			204,921		495,707			407,142
Depreciation		17,478			15,514		35,074			29,958
Amortization of intangible assets		11,556			11,398		25,842			22,864
Acquisition-related items		1,651			586		3,758			2,147
Operating earnings		82,321			59,813		123,271			88,859

Interest expense, net		11,954			5,041		22,585			9,407
Other expense (income), net (note 6)		(4,249	)		322		(4,513	)		(213	)
Earnings before income tax		74,616			54,450		105,199			79,665
Income tax (note 8)		19,903			13,944		27,819			20,338
Net earnings		54,713			40,506		77,380			59,327

Non-controlling interest share of earnings (note 11)		3,376			2,450		5,809			3,015
Non-controlling interest redemption increment (note 11)		5,977			3,490		10,093			7,661
Net earnings attributable to Company	$	45,360		$	34,566	$	61,478		$	48,651


Net earnings per common share (note 12)

Basic	$	1.02		$	0.78	$	1.38		$	1.10
Diluted	$	1.01		$	0.78	$	1.37		$	1.09

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Page 3 of 14

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of US dollars) - in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America

	Three months					Six months
	ended June 30					ended June 30
		2023		2022			2023		2022

Net earnings	$	54,713	$	40,506		$	77,380	$	59,327

Foreign currency translation gain (loss)		1,436		(3,588	)		1,483		(2,026	)

Comprehensive earnings		56,149		36,918			78,863		57,301

Less: Comprehensive earnings attributable to non-controlling interests		9,353		5,940			15,902		10,676

Comprehensive earnings attributable to Company	$	46,796	$	30,978		$	62,961	$	46,625

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Page 4 of 14

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of US dollars) - in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America

		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	154,653	$	136,219
Restricted cash		28,769		23,129
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $19,546 (December 31, 2022 - $18,247)		767,456		635,942
Income tax recoverable		19,528		20,894
Inventories (note 7)		244,929		242,341
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		59,472		50,347
		1,274,807		1,108,872

Other receivables		4,388		4,881
Other assets		20,592		33,668
Fixed assets		174,242		167,012
Operating lease right-of-use assets (note 5)		212,289		205,544
Intangible assets		415,297		368,451
Goodwill		952,332		886,086
		1,779,140		1,665,642
	$	3,053,947	$	2,774,514

Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	105,139	$	115,989
Accrued liabilities		312,412		282,324
Income taxes payable		115		2,787
Unearned revenues		180,908		125,542
Operating lease liabilities - current (note 5)		49,952		49,145
Long-term debt - current (note 9)		36,727		35,665
Contingent acquisition consideration - current (note 10)		25,808		25,537
		711,061		636,989

Long-term debt - non-current (note 9)		783,219		698,798
Operating lease liabilities - non-current (note 5)		175,989		168,557
Contingent acquisition consideration (note 10)		7,880		8,651
Unearned revenues		18,616		17,864
Other liabilities		50,803		51,663
Deferred income tax		65,653		51,097
		1,102,160		996,630
Redeemable non-controlling interests (note 11)		252,340		233,429

Shareholders' equity		988,386		907,466
	$	3,053,947	$	2,774,514

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Page 5 of 14

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of US dollars, except share information)

	Common shares											Accumulated
		Issued and										other
		outstanding				Contributed			Retained			comprehensive
		shares		Amount		surplus			Earnings			loss			Total

Balance, December 31, 2022		44,226,493	$	813,029	$	83,007		$	17,347		$	(5,917	)	$	907,466
Net earnings		-		-		-			16,118			-			16,118
Other comprehensive earnings		-		-		-			-			47			47

Common Shares:
Stock option expense		-		-		7,157			-			-			7,157
Stock options exercised		323,724		27,394		(5,818	)		-			-			21,576
Dividends		-		-		-			(10,154	)		-			(10,154	)
Balance, March 31, 2023		44,550,217	$	840,423	$	84,346		$	23,311		$	(5,870	)	$	942,210
Net earnings		-		-		-			45,360			-			45,360
Other comprehensive earnings		-		-		-			-			1,436			1,436

Common Shares:
Stock option expense		-		-		5,347			-			-			5,347
Stock options exercised		42,600		5,155		(1,111	)		-			-			4,044
Dividends		-		-		-			(10,011	)		-			(10,011	)
Balance, June 30, 2023		44,592,817	$	845,578	$	88,582		$	58,660		$	(4,434	)	$	988,386

Page 6 of 14

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (continued)
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of US dollars, except share information)

	Common shares											Accumulated
		Issued and										other
		outstanding				Contributed						comprehensive
		shares		Amount		surplus			Deficit			earnings (loss)			Total

Balance, December 31, 2021		44,013,031	$	797,428	$	68,249		$	(67,920	)	$	1,965		$	799,722
Net earnings		-		-		-			14,085			-			14,085
Other comprehensive earnings		-		-		-			-			1,562			1,562

Common Shares:
Stock option expense		-		-		5,821			-			-			5,821
Stock options exercised		179,500		12,705		(2,672	)		-			-			10,033
Dividends		-		-		-			(8,952	)		-			(8,952	)
Balance, March 31, 2022		44,192,531	$	810,133	$	71,398		$	(62,787	)	$	3,527		$	822,271
Net earnings		-		-		-			34,566			-			34,566
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-			-			(3,588	)		(3,588	)

Subsidiaries’ equity transactions		-		-		23			-			-			23
Common Shares:
Stock option expense		-		-		4,035			-			-			4,035
Stock options exercised		400		34		(7	)		-			-			27
Dividends		-		-		-			(8,946	)		-			(8,946	)
Balance, June 30, 2022		44,192,931	$	810,167	$	75,449		$	(37,167	)	$	(61	)	$	848,388

Page 7 of 14

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of US dollars) - in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America

	Three months ended					Six months ended
	June 30					June 30
		2023		2022			2023			2022
Cash provided by (used in)

Operating activities
Net earnings	$	54,713		40,506		$	77,380		$	59,327

Items not affecting cash:
Depreciation and amortization		29,034		26,912			60,916			52,822
Deferred income tax		(419	)	(581	)		(691	)		(1,204	)
Stock-based compensation		5,347		4,035			12,504			9,856
Other		(3,352	)	668			(1,506	)		1,620

Changes in non-cash working capital:
Accounts receivable		(73,765	)	(3,100	)		(122,353	)		21,734
Inventories		16,868		(21,548	)		2,606			(25,169	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(171	)	(3,162	)		(9,434	)		(5,725	)
Payables and accruals		41,398		4,500			10,992			(35,450	)
Unearned revenues		19,268		17,846			55,202			15,229
Other liabilities		(2,669	)	(4,277	)		333			(29,740	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		86,252		61,799			85,949			63,300

Investing activities
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired (note 4)		(11,099	)	-			(93,450	)		-
Purchases of fixed assets		(22,723	)	(19,795	)		(44,204	)		(36,378	)
Other investing activities		6,560		(7,855	)		1,256			(13,969	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(27,262	)	(27,650	)		(136,398	)		(50,347	)

Financing activities
Increase in long-term debt		1,145		819			135,045			75,729
Repayment of long-term debt		(20,000	)	(25,000	)		(50,000	)		(70,000	)
Purchases of non-controlling interests, net		(891	)	(13,415	)		(3,610	)		(19,179	)
Contingent acquisition consideration		(2,380	)	(957	)		(8,476	)		(1,118	)
Proceeds received on exercise of options		4,044		27			25,620			10,060
Financing fees paid		-		-			-			(2,333	)
Dividends paid to common shareholders		(10,024	)	(8,949	)		(18,980	)		(16,981	)
Distributions paid to non-controlling interests		(4,114	)	(2,602	)		(4,472	)		(2,602	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(32,220	)	(50,077	)		75,127			(26,424	)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(591	)	503			(604	)		369

Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		26,179		(15,425	)		24,074			(13,102	)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		157,243		196,594			159,348			194,271

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	183,422		181,169		$	183,422		$	181,169

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Page 8 of 14

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

(in thousands of US dollars, except per share amounts)

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS – FirstService Corporation (the “Company”) is a North American provider of residential property management and other essential property services to residential and commercial customers. The Company’s operations are conducted in two segments: FirstService Residential and FirstService Brands. The segments are grouped with reference to the nature of services provided and the types of clients that use those services.

FirstService Residential is a full-service property manager and in many markets provides a full range of ancillary services primarily in the following areas: on-site staffing, including building engineering and maintenance, full-service amenity management, security, concierge and front desk personnel; proprietary banking and insurance products; and energy conservation and management solutions.

FirstService Brands provides a range of essential property services to residential and commercial customers in North America through franchise networks and company-owned locations. The principal brands in this division include Paul Davis Restoration, First Onsite Property Restoration, California Closets, Century Fire Protection, CertaPro Painters, Pillar to Post Home Inspectors, and Floor Coverings International.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with the disclosure requirements for the presentation of interim financial information pursuant to applicable Canadian securities law. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such disclosure requirements, although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information not misleading. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

These interim financial statements follow the same accounting policies as the most recent audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as at June 30, 2023 and the results of operations and its cash flows for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION – Within the FirstService Brands segment, franchise fee revenue recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2023 that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period was $2,931 (2022 - $2,293). These fees are recognized over the life of the underlying franchise agreement, usually between 5 - 10 years.

The majority of current unearned revenues as at December 31, 2022 are expected to be recognized into income during 2023.

External broker costs and employee sales commissions in obtaining new franchisees are capitalized and are amortized over the life of the underlying franchise agreement. Costs amortized during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were $1,309 (2022 - $975). The closing amount of the capitalized costs to obtain contracts on the balance sheet as at June 30, 2023 was $9,528 (2022 - $7,943). There were no impairment losses recognized related to those assets in the quarter.

The Company’s backlog represents remaining performance obligations and is defined as contracted work yet to be performed. As at June 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of backlog was $745,691 (December 31, 2022 – $631,660). The Company expects to recognize revenue on the majority of the remaining backlog over the next 12 months.

Page 9 of 14

Disaggregated revenues are as follows:

	Three months				Six months
	ended June 30				ended June 30
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues

FirstService Residential	$	517,134	$	457,489	$	962,714	$	851,572
FirstService Brands company-owned		546,738		423,210		1,072,342		821,662
FirstService Brands franchisor		54,369		48,835		100,059		89,632
FirstService Brands franchise fee		1,493		1,173		3,064		2,413

The Company disaggregates revenue by segment. Within the FirstService Brands segment, the Company further disaggregates its company-owned operations revenue; these businesses primarily recognize revenue over time as they perform because of continuous transfer of control to the customer. As such, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company generally uses the percentage of completion method. The extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.

We believe this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company’s revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

4. ACQUISITIONS – During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company completed five acquisitions, three in the FirstService Residential segment and two in the FirstService Brands segment. In the FirstService Residential segment, the Company acquired three property management firms operating in New York City, Toronto, Canada, and San Ramon, California, respectively. Within the FirstService Brands segment, the Company acquired a Paul Davis franchise as well as a fire protection company, both headquartered in Houston. The acquisition date fair value of consideration transferred was as follows: cash of $93,450 (net of cash acquired of $4,158), $12,625 paid in escrow just prior to December 31, 2022, and contingent consideration of $5,500. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company did not complete any acquisitions.

The purchase price allocations for certain transactions completed in the last twelve months are not yet complete, pending final determination of the fair value of assets acquired. These acquisitions were accounted for by the purchase price method of accounting for business combinations and accordingly, the consolidated statements of earnings do not include any revenues or expenses related to these acquisitions prior to their respective closing dates. There have been no material changes to the estimated purchase price allocations determined at the time of acquisition during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Certain vendors, at the time of acquisition, are entitled to receive a contingent consideration payment if the acquired businesses achieve specified earnings levels during the one- to three-year periods following the dates of acquisition. The ultimate amount of payment is determined based on a formula, the key inputs to which are (i) a contractually agreed maximum payment; (ii) a contractually specified revenue or earnings level; and (iii) the actual revenue or earnings for the contingency period. If the acquired business does not achieve the specified revenue or earnings level, the maximum payment is reduced for any shortfall, potentially to nil.

Contingent consideration is recorded at fair value each reporting period. The fair value recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as at June 30, 2023 was $33,688 (see note 10). The estimated range of outcomes (undiscounted) for these contingent consideration arrangements is $31,227 to a maximum of $36,738. The contingencies will expire during the period extending to October 2025. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, $8,476 was paid with reference to such contingent consideration (2022 - $1,118).

Page 10 of 14

5. LEASES – The Company has operating leases for corporate offices, copiers, and certain equipment. Its leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 16 years, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to 15 years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. The Company evaluates renewal terms on a lease by lease basis to determine if the renewal is reasonably certain. The amount of operating lease expense recorded in the statement of earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $26,579 (2022 - $23,679).

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

Supplemental Cash Flows Information, six months ended June 30		2023

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	24,417
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligation	$	30,513

6. OTHER INCOME - Other income is comprised of the following:

	Three months ended					Six months ended
	June 30					June 30
		2023			2022		2023			2022

Gain on sale of building asset	$	(4,351	)	$	-	$	(4,351	)	$	-
Other expense (income), net		102			322		(162	)		(213	)
	$	(4,249	)	$	322	$	(4,513	)	$	(213	)

During the second quarter, the Company sold a building in South Florida for proceeds of $7,350. The pre-tax gain on the sale was $4,351. The sale was in the FirstService Residential segment.

7. INVENTORIES - Inventories are comprised of the following:

		June 30,		December 31,
		2023		2022

Work-in-progress	$	183,380	$	177,134
Finished Goods		28,030		32,340
Supplies and other		33,519		32,867
	$	244,929	$	242,341

8. INCOME TAX – The provision for income tax for the six months ended June 30, 2023 reflected an effective tax rate of 26% (2022 - 26%) relative to the statutory rate of approximately 27% (2022 - 27%). The difference between the effective rate and the statutory rate relates to the differential between tax rates in certain jurisdictions, as well as taxable permanent differences.

9. LONG-TERM DEBT – The Company has $60,000 of senior secured notes (the “Senior Notes”) bearing interest at a rate of 3.84%. The Senior Notes are due on January 16, 2025, with two annual equal repayments, the next payment coming due on January 16, 2024.

In February 2022, the Company entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement providing for a $1,000,000 revolving credit facility on an unsecured basis. The maturity date of the revolving credit facility is February 2027. The new revolving credit facility bears interest at 0.20% to 2.50% over floating reference rates, depending on certain leverage ratios. The current revolving credit facility replaced the Company’s previous $450,000 revolving credit facility and $440,000 term loan (drawn in a single advance) that were set to mature in January 2023 and June 2024, respectively. The new revolving credit facility was used to repay the remaining term loan balance of $407,000 under the prior credit agreement, and will continue to be utilized for working capital and general corporate purposes and to fund future tuck-under acquisitions.

Page 11 of 14

In September 2022, the Company entered into two new revolving, uncommitted financing facilities for potential future private placement issuances of senior unsecured notes (the “Notes”) aggregating $450,000 with its existing lenders, NYL Investors LLC (“New York Life”) of up to $150,000 and PGIM Private Capital (“Prudential”), of up to $300,000, in each case, net of any existing notes held by them. The facilities each have a three-year term ending September 29, 2025. The Company has the ability to issue incremental Note tranches under the Facilities, subject to acceptance by New York Life or Prudential, with varying maturities as determined by the Company, and with coupon pricing determined at the time of each Note issuance. As part of the closing of the New York Life facility, the Company issued, on a private placement basis to New York Life, $60,000 of 4.53% Notes, which are due in full on September 29, 2032, with interest payable semi-annually.

10. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS – The following table provides the financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023:

			Fair value measurements at June 30, 2023

		Carrying value at
		June 30, 2023		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Contingent consideration liability	$	33,688	$	-	$	-	$	33,688
Interest rate swap assets		5,667		-		5,667		-

The Company has two interest rate swaps in place to exchange the floating interest rate on $200,000 of debt under its Credit Agreement for a fixed rate. The fair value of the interest rate swap assets was calculated through discounting future expected cash flows using the appropriate prevailing interest rate swap curve adjusted for credit risk. The inputs to the measurement of the fair value of contingent consideration related to acquisitions are Level 3 inputs using a discounted cash flow model; significant model inputs were expected future operating cash flows (determined with reference to each specific acquired business) and discount rates (which range from 8% to 10%). The range of discount rates is attributable to the level of risk related to economic growth factors combined with the length of the contingent payment periods; and the dispersion was driven by unique characteristics of the businesses acquired and the respective terms for these contingent payments. Within the range of discount rates, there is a data point concentration at 9%. A 2% increase in the weighted average discount rate would not have a significant impact on the fair value of the contingent consideration balance.

Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability are comprised of the following:


		2023

Balance, January 1	$	34,188
Amounts recognized on acquisitions		5,500
Fair value adjustments		2,286
Resolved and settled in cash		(8,476	)
Other		190
Balance, June 30	$	33,688

Less: Current portion		25,808
Non-current portion	$	7,880

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair values due to the short maturity of these instruments, unless otherwise indicated. The inputs to the measurement of the fair value of long term debt are Level 3 inputs. The fair value measurements were made using a net present value approach; significant model inputs were expected future cash outflows and discount rates (which range from 4.0% to 4.5%).

Page 12 of 14

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
		amount		value		amount		value

Other receivables	$	4,388	$	4,388	$	4,881	$	4,881
Long-term debt		819,946		820,062		734,463		736,818

11. REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS – The minority equity positions in the Company’s subsidiaries are referred to as redeemable non-controlling interests (“RNCI”). The RNCI are considered to be redeemable securities. Accordingly, the RNCI is recorded at the greater of: (i) the redemption amount; or (ii) the amount initially recorded as RNCI at the date of inception of the minority equity position. This amount is recorded in the “mezzanine” section of the balance sheet, outside of shareholders’ equity. Changes in the RNCI amount are recognized immediately as they occur. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending RNCI amounts:

		2023

Balance, January 1	$	233,429
RNCI share of earnings		5,809
RNCI redemption increment		10,093
Distributions paid to RNCI		(4,472	)
Purchases of interests from RNCI, net		(3,610	)
RNCI recognized on business acquisitions		10,131
Other		960
Balance, June 30	$	252,340

The Company has shareholders’ agreements in place at each of its non-wholly owned subsidiaries. These agreements allow the Company to “call” the non-controlling interest at a price determined with the use of a formula price, which is usually equal to a fixed multiple of trailing two-year average earnings before income taxes, interest, depreciation, and amortization, less debt. The agreements also have redemption features which allow the owners of the RNCI to “put” their equity to the Company at the same price subject to certain limitations. The formula price is referred to as the redemption amount and may be paid in cash or in the Company’s Common Shares. The redemption amount as of June 30, 2023 was $230,852. The redemption amount is lower than that recorded on the balance sheet as the formula prices of certain RNCI are lower than the amount initially recorded at the inception of the minority equity position. If all put or call options were settled with Common Shares as at June 30, 2023, approximately 1,600,000 such shares would be issued; this would be accretive to net earnings per Common Share.

Increases or decreases to the formula price of the underlying shares are recognized in the statement of earnings as the NCI redemption increment or decrement.

12. NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE – The following table reconciles the basic and diluted common shares outstanding:

	Three months ended			Six months ended
(in thousands)	June 30			June 30
		2023	2022		2023	2022

Basic shares		44,574	44,193		44,486	44,139
Assumed exercise of Company stock options		226	286		247	351
Diluted shares		44,800	44,479		44,733	44,490

Page 13 of 14

13. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Company stock option plan

The Company has a stock option plan for certain directors, officers and full-time employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, other than its Founder and Chairman. The stock option plan came into existence on June 1, 2015. Options are granted at the market price for the underlying shares on the date of grant. Each option vests over a four-year term, expires five years from the date granted and allows for the purchase of one Common Share. All Common Shares issued are new shares. Grants under the Company’s stock option plan are equity-classified awards. As at June 30, 2023, there were 1,842,850 options available for future grants.

Grants under the Company’s stock option plan are equity-classified awards. There were 57,150 stock options granted during the three months ended June 30, 2023 (2022 – 10,000). Stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was as follows:

					Weighted average
				Weighted	remaining
	Number of			average	contractual life		Aggregate
	options			exercise price	(years)		intrinsic value

Shares issuable under options -
Beginning of period	2,337,573		$	120.06
Granted	615,000			142.20
Exercised	(366,324	)		69.94
Shares issuable under options -
End of period	2,586,249		$	132.43	2.90	$	56,261
Options exercisable - End of period	1,129,951		$	118.22	1.96	$	40,637

The amount of compensation expense recorded in the statement of earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $12,504 (2022 - $9,856). As of June 30, 2023, there was $32,239 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards which is expected to be recognized over the next 5 years. During the six month period ended June 30, 2023, the fair value of options vested was $15,637 (2022 - $12,172).

14. CONTINGENCIES – In the normal course of operations, the Company is subject to routine claims and litigation incidental to its business. Litigation currently pending or threatened against the Company includes disputes with former employees and commercial liability claims related to services provided by the Company. The Company believes resolution of such proceedings, combined with amounts set aside, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or the results of operations.

15. SEGMENTED INFORMATION – The Company has two reportable operating segments and Corporate. The segments are grouped with reference to the nature of services provided and the types of clients that use those services. The Company assesses each segment’s performance based on operating earnings or operating earnings before depreciation and amortization. FirstService Residential provides property management and related property services to residential communities in North America. FirstService Brands provides franchised and company-owned essential property services to residential and commercial customers in North America. Corporate includes the costs of operating the Company’s corporate head office.

Page 14 of 14

OPERATING SEGMENTS

		FirstService		FirstService
		Residential		Brands		Corporate			Consolidated

Three months ended June 30

2023
Revenues	$	517,134	$	602,600	$	-		$	1,119,734
Depreciation and amortization		6,029		22,981		24			29,034
Operating earnings		49,195		41,770		(8,644	)		82,321

2022
Revenues	$	457,489	$	473,218	$	-		$	930,707
Depreciation and amortization		7,202		19,687		23			26,912
Operating earnings		43,256		23,669		(7,112	)		59,813

		FirstService		FirstService
		Residential		Brands		Corporate			Consolidated

Six months ended June 30

2023
Revenues	$	962,714	$	1,175,465	$	-		$	2,138,179
Depreciation and amortization		14,822		46,048		46			60,916
Operating earnings		71,907		71,930		(20,566	)		123,271

2022
Revenues	$	851,572	$	913,707	$	-		$	1,765,279
Depreciation and amortization		14,207		38,569		46			52,822
Operating earnings		66,653		39,420		(17,214	)		88,859

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

		United States		Canada		Consolidated

Three months ended June 30

2023
Revenues	$	949,677	$	170,057	$	1,119,734
Total long-lived assets		1,420,723		333,437		1,754,160

2022
Revenues	$	810,720	$	119,987	$	930,707
Total long-lived assets		1,205,659		313,865		1,519,524

		United States		Canada		Consolidated

Six months ended June 30

2023
Revenues	$	1,843,546	$	294,633	$	2,138,179

2022
Revenues	$	1,537,608	$	227,671	$	1,765,279

FIRSTSERVICE CORPORATION

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

For the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2023

(in US dollars)

August 3, 2023

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read together with the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of FirstService Corporation (the “Company” or “FirstService”) for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, and MD&A, for the year ended December 31, 2022. The interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). All financial information herein is presented in United States dollars.

The Company has prepared this MD&A with reference to National Instrument 51-102 – Continuous Disclosure Obligations of the Canadian Securities Administrators (the "CSA"). Under the U.S./Canada Multijurisdictional Disclosure System, the Company is permitted to prepare this MD&A in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada, which requirements are different from those of the United States. This MD&A provides information for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and up to and including August 3, 2023.

Additional information about the Company, including the Company’s Annual Information Form, which is included in FirstService’s Annual Report on Form 40-F, can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the US Securities and Exchange Commission website at www.sec.gov.

Results of operations - three months ended June 30, 2023

Revenues for our second quarter were $1.12 billion, 20% higher than the comparable prior year quarter. Organic growth was 15% in the quarter, with the balance coming from recent acquisitions.

Adjusted EBITDA (see “Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures” below) for the second quarter was $118.4 million, up from $91.3 million reported in the prior year quarter. Our Adjusted EBITDA margin was 10.6% of revenues versus 9.8% of revenues in the prior year quarter. Operating earnings for the second quarter were $82.3 million, compared to $59.8 million in the prior year quarter. Our operating earnings margin was 7.4% of revenues versus 6.4% of revenues in the prior year quarter.

Depreciation and amortization expense totalled $29.0 million, relative to $26.9 million in the prior year, with the increase primarily related to recently acquired company-owned operations in our FirstService Brands segment.

Net interest expense was $12.0 million, up from $5.0 million recorded in the prior year quarter, with the difference primarily attributable to higher cost of debt, as well as the increase in our average outstanding debt.

Other income was $4.2 million versus $0.3 million of expense in the prior year quarter. Other income in the current period included a pre-tax gain of $4.4 million from the sale of a building located in South Florida within the FirstService Residential segment.

The consolidated income tax rate for the quarter was 27% of earnings before income tax, versus 26% in the prior year quarter, and relative to the statutory rate of 27% in both periods. The effective tax rate for the full year is expected to be approximately 26%.

Net earnings for the quarter were $54.7 million, versus $40.5 million in the prior year quarter, with the increase primarily attributable to increased profitability in both segments, partially offset by higher interest expense.

The RNCI redemption increment for the second quarter was $6.0 million, versus $3.5 million in the prior period, and was attributable to changes in the trailing two-year average of earnings of non-wholly owned subsidiaries.

Page 2 of 10

The FirstService Residential segment reported revenues of $517.1 million for the second quarter, up 13% versus the prior year, including organic growth of 10%. New contract wins and increased labour-based services with existing clients drove the strong revenue performance, particularly in our high-rise markets across North America. Adjusted EBITDA was $55.7 million, or 10.8% of revenues, versus $50.5 million, or 11.0% of revenues, in the prior year quarter. Operating earnings were $49.2 million, or 9.5% of revenues, versus $43.3 million, or 9.5% of revenues, for the second quarter of last year.

Second quarter revenues at our FirstService Brands segment were $602.6 million, up 27% relative to the prior year quarter. Organic growth was 20%, with the balance from recent tuck-under acquisitions. All of our service lines contributed to the revenue growth, with particular strength within our restoration operations which benefited from elevated weather-driven activity compared to the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $65.8 million, or 10.9% of revenues, versus $43.9 million, or 9.3% of revenues, in the prior year quarter. Operating earnings for the second quarter were $41.8 million, or 6.9% of revenues, versus $23.7 million, or 5.0% of revenues, in the prior year quarter. Our margin expansion was primarily due to the operating leverage from significant revenue growth across our restoration platform.

Corporate costs, as presented in Adjusted EBITDA, were $3.2 million in the quarter, versus $3.1 million in the prior year quarter. On a GAAP basis, corporate costs for the quarter were $8.6 million, relative to $7.1 million in the prior year quarter, with the increase primarily attributable to stock-based compensation expense.

Results of operations - six months ended June 30, 2023

Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were $2.14 billion, 21% higher than the comparable prior year, of which 16% was organic.

Year-to-date Adjusted EBITDA (see “Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures” below) was $200.4 million, up from $153.7 million reported in the comparable prior year period. Our Adjusted EBITDA margin was 9.4% of revenues versus 8.7% of revenues in the prior year. Operating earnings for the period were $123.3 million, versus $88.9 million in the prior year. Our operating earnings margin was 5.8% of revenues versus 5.0% of revenues in the prior year period.

Depreciation and amortization expense totalled $60.9 million, relative to $52.8 million in the prior year, with the increase primarily related to recently acquired company-owned operations in our FirstService Brands segment.

Net interest expense was $22.6 million, up from $9.4 million recorded in the prior year period, with the difference primarily attributable to higher cost of debt and an increase in our average outstanding debt.

Other income was $4.5 million versus $0.2 million in the prior year. Other income in the current period included a pre-tax gain of $4.4 million from the sale of a building located in South Florida within the FirstService Residential segment.

Our consolidated income tax rate for the six month period was 26%, flat versus the prior year-to-date period, and relative to the statutory rate of 27% in both periods.

Net earnings for the six month period were $77.4 million, up from $59.3 million in the prior year period, and was attributable to increased profitability in both segments, partially offset by higher interest costs.

The RNCI share of earnings for the six month period was $5.8 million, relative to $3.0 million in the prior year, with the increase attributable to higher relative earnings, as well as earnings mix at our non-wholly owned subsidiaries.

Our FirstService Residential segment reported revenues of $962.7 million for the six month period, up 13% over the prior year period, including 10% organic growth. The strong revenue performance reflected an increase in labour-related services from existing clients, as well as new contract wins across various markets. Adjusted EBITDA was $87.7 million, or 9.1% of revenues, up from $80.9 million, or 9.5% of revenues, in the prior year period. Operating earnings were $71.9 million, or 7.5% of revenues, for the six-month period, relative to $66.7 million, or 7.8% of revenues, in the prior year period. Operating margins were impacted by the strong year-over-year growth of lower margin labour-driven services.

Page 3 of 10

Year-to-date revenues at FirstService Brands were $1.18 billion, an increase of 29% relative to the prior year period. On an organic basis, revenues were up 22%, with the balance of the revenue increase from acquisitions. Organic growth in the division was driven by strong restoration activity, as well as significant growth at Century Fire. Adjusted EBITDA for the period was $120.6 million, or 10.3% of revenues, up from $80.0 million, or 8.8% of revenues, in the prior year period. Operating earnings were $71.9 million, or 6.1% of revenues, versus $39.4 million, or 4.3% of revenues, in the prior year. Margin expansion resulted primarily from operating leverage driven by a significant increase in activity levels across our restoration operations.

Corporate costs, as presented in Adjusted EBITDA, for the six month period were $7.8 million, relative to $7.2 million in the prior year period. On a GAAP basis, corporate costs were $20.6 million versus $17.2 million in the prior year period, with the increase primarily attributable to stock-based compensation expense.

Summary of quarterly results

The following table sets forth FirstService’s quarterly consolidated results of operations data for each of the ten most recent quarters. The information in the table below has been derived from FirstService’s interim consolidated financial statements, except for other data, that, in management’s opinion, have been prepared on a consistent basis and include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of information. The information below is not necessarily indicative of results for any future quarter.

Quarter		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4
(in thousands of US$, except per share amounts)

YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2023
Revenues	$	1,018,445	$	1,119,734
Operating earnings		40,950		82,321
Net earnings per share
Basic		0.36		1.02
Diluted		0.36		1.01

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022
Revenues	$	834,572	$	930,707	$	960,455	$	1,020,101
Operating earnings		29,046		59,813		62,709		67,458
Net earnings per share
Basic		0.32		0.78		0.77		0.86
Diluted		0.32		0.78		0.77		0.86

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021
Revenues	$	711,066	$	831,630	$	849,431	$	856,945
Operating earnings		33,882		61,383		61,527		44,850
Net earnings per share
Basic		0.50		0.84		1.04		0.71
Diluted		0.50		0.83		1.03		0.70

OTHER DATA
Adjusted EBITDA - 2023	$	82,096	$	118,353
Adjusted EBITDA - 2022		62,338		91,346	$	95,501	$	102,547
Adjusted EBITDA - 2021		59,795		89,853		94,196		83,532
Adjusted EPS - 2023		0.85		1.46
Adjusted EPS - 2022		0.73		1.12		1.17		1.22
Adjusted EPS - 2021		0.66		1.21		1.50		1.21

Seasonality and quarterly fluctuations

Certain segments of the Company’s operations are subject to seasonal variations. The seasonality of the service lines results in variations in quarterly revenues and operating margins. Variations can also be caused by acquisitions or dispositions, which alter the consolidated service mix.

Page 4 of 10

FirstService Residential generates peak revenues and earnings in the third quarter, as seasonal ancillary swimming pool management revenues are earned. FirstService Brands includes certain home improvement brands, which generate the majority of their revenues during the second and third quarters, and restoration operations which are influenced by weather patterns that typically can result in higher revenues and earnings in any given reporting quarter.

Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures

In this MD&A, we make reference to “adjusted EBITDA” and “adjusted earnings per share”, which are financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net earnings, adjusted to exclude: (i) income tax; (ii) other expense (income); (iii) interest expense, net; (iv) depreciation and amortization; (v) acquisition-related items; and (vi) stock-based compensation expense. We use adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our own operating performance and our ability to service debt, as well as an integral part of our planning and reporting systems. Additionally, we use this measure in conjunction with discounted cash flow models to determine the Company’s overall enterprise valuation and to evaluate acquisition targets. We present adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure because we believe such measure is useful to investors as a reasonable indicator of operating performance because of the low capital intensity of the Company’s service operations. We believe this measure is a financial metric used by many investors to compare companies, especially in the services industry. This measure is not a recognized measure of financial performance under GAAP in the United States, and should not be considered as a substitute for operating earnings, net earnings or cash flow from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP. Our method of calculating adjusted EBITDA may differ from other issuers and accordingly, this measure may not be comparable to measures used by other issuers. A reconciliation of net earnings to adjusted EBITDA appears below.

	Three months ended					Six months ended
(in thousands of US$)	June 30					June 30
		2023			2022		2023			2022

Net earnings	$	54,713		$	40,506	$	77,380		$	59,327
Income tax		19,903			13,944		27,819			20,338
Other expense (income), net		(4,249	)		322		(4,513	)		(213	)
Interest expense, net		11,954			5,041		22,585			9,407
Operating earnings		82,321			59,813		123,271			88,859
Depreciation and amortization		29,034			26,912		60,916			52,822
Acquisition-related items		1,651			586		3,758			2,147
Stock-based compensation expense		5,347			4,035		12,504			9,856
Adjusted EBITDA	$	118,353		$	91,346	$	200,449		$	153,684

Page 5 of 10

A reconciliation of segment operating earnings to segment Adjusted EBITDA appears below.

(in thousands of US$)

Three months ended, June 30, 2023		FirstService		FirstService
		Residential		Brands		Corporate

Operating earnings (loss)	$	49,195	$	41,770	$	(8,644	)
Depreciation and amortization		6,029		22,981		24
Acquisition-related items		514		1,048		89
Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		5,347
Adjusted EBITDA	$	55,738	$	65,799	$	(3,184	)

Three months ended, June 30, 2022		FirstService		FirstService
		Residential		Brands		Corporate

Operating earnings (loss)	$	43,256	$	23,669	$	(7,112	)
Depreciation and amortization		7,202		19,687		23
Acquisition-related items		10		576		-
Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		4,035
Adjusted EBITDA	$	50,468	$	43,932	$	(3,054	)

Six months ended, June 30, 2023		FirstService		FirstService
		Residential		Brands		Corporate

Operating earnings (loss)	$	71,907	$	71,930	$	(20,566	)
Depreciation and amortization		14,822		46,048		46
Acquisition-related items		977		2,614		167
Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		12,504
Adjusted EBITDA	$	87,706	$	120,592	$	(7,849	)

Six months ended, June 30, 2022		FirstService		FirstService
		Residential		Brands		Corporate

Operating earnings (loss)	$	66,653	$	39,420	$	(17,214	)
Depreciation and amortization		14,207		38,569		46
Acquisition-related items		18		2,025		104
Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		9,856
Adjusted EBITDA	$	80,878	$	80,014	$	(7,208	)

Adjusted earnings per share is defined as diluted net earnings per share, adjusted for the effect, after income tax, of: (i) the non-controlling interest redemption increment; (ii) acquisition-related items; (iii) amortization expense related to intangible assets recognized in connection with acquisitions; and (iv) stock-based compensation expense. We believe this measure is useful to investors because it provides a supplemental way to understand the underlying operating performance of the Company and enhances the comparability of operating results from period to period. Adjusted earnings per share is not a recognized measure of financial performance under GAAP, and should not be considered as a substitute for diluted net earnings per share, as determined in accordance with GAAP. Our method of calculating this non-GAAP measure may differ from other issuers and, accordingly, this measure may not be comparable to measures used by other issuers. A reconciliation of net earnings to adjusted net earnings and of diluted net earnings per share to adjusted earnings per share appears below.

Page 6 of 10

	Three months ended						Six months ended
(in thousands of US$)	June 30						June 30
		2023			2022			2023			2022

Net earnings	$	54,713		$	40,506		$	77,380		$	59,327
Non-controlling interest share of earnings		(3,376	)		(2,450	)		(5,809	)		(3,015	)
Acquisition-related items		1,651			586			3,758			2,147
Amortization of intangible assets		11,556			11,398			25,842			22,864
Stock-based compensation expense		5,347			4,035			12,504			9,856
Income tax on adjustments		(4,395	)		(4,012	)		(9,970	)		(8,507	)
Non-controlling interest on adjustments		(249	)		(206	)		(531	)		(434	)
Adjusted net earnings	$	65,247		$	49,857		$	103,174		$	82,238

	Three months ended				Six months ended
(in US$)	June 30				June 30
		2023		2022		2023		2022

Diluted net earnings per share	$	1.01	$	0.78	$	1.37	$	1.09
Non-controlling interest redemption increment		0.13		0.08		0.23		0.17
Acquisition-related items		0.04		0.01		0.08		0.05
Amortization of intangible assets, net of tax		0.19		0.18		0.42		0.37
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax		0.09		0.07		0.21		0.17
Adjusted earnings per share	$	1.46	$	1.12	$	2.31	$	1.85

We believe that the presentation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted earnings per share, which are non-GAAP financial measures, provides important supplemental information to management and investors regarding financial and business trends relating to the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. We use these non-GAAP financial measures when evaluating operating performance because we believe that the inclusion or exclusion of the items described above, for which the amounts are non-cash or non-recurring in nature, provides a supplemental measure of our operating results that facilitates comparability of our operating performance from period to period, against our business model objectives, and against other companies in our industry. We have chosen to provide this information to investors so they can analyze our operating results in the same way that management does and use this information in their assessment of our core business and the valuation of the Company. Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted earnings per share are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, and should be considered supplemental to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the costs or benefits associated with the operations of our business as determined in accordance with GAAP. As a result, investors should not consider these measures in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.

Liquidity and capital resources

Net cash provided by operating activities for the six month period ended June 30, 2023 was $85.9 million, up from $63.3 million in the prior year period. The increase in cash was primarily driven by profitability in both segments, partially offset by changes in non-cash working capital. We believe that cash from operations and other existing resources will continue to be adequate to satisfy the ongoing working capital needs of the Company.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, capital expenditures were $44.2 million, up from $36.4 million in the prior year period. Current year investments include service vehicle fleet replacements and additions in the FirstService Brands segment, as well as information technology system improvements in both segments. Based on our current operations, maintenance capital expenditures for the year ending December 31, 2023 are expected to be approximately $80 million, with total capital expenditures approaching $100 million.

In July 2023, we paid a quarterly dividend of $0.225 per share on the Common Shares in respect of the quarter ended June 30, 2023.

Page 7 of 10

Net indebtedness as at June 30, 2023 was $665.3 million, versus $598.2 million at December 31, 2022. Net indebtedness is calculated as the current and non-current portion of long-term debt less cash and cash equivalents. We are in compliance with the covenants contained in our financing agreements as at June 30, 2023 and, based on our outlook for the balance of the year, we expect to remain in compliance with these covenants. We had $264.0 million of available undrawn credit as of June 30, 2023.

In relation to acquisitions completed during the past two years, we have outstanding contingent consideration totalling $33.7 million as at June 30, 2023 ($34.2 million as at December 31, 2022) assuming all contingencies are satisfied and payment is due in full. Such payments, if any, are due during the period extending to October 2025. The contingent consideration liability is recognized at fair value upon acquisition and is updated to fair value each quarter, unless it contains an element of compensation, in which case such element is treated as compensation expense over the contingency period. The contingent consideration is based on achieving specified earnings levels, and is paid or payable at the end of the contingency period.

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as at June 30, 2023:

Contractual obligations	Payments due by period
(in thousands of US$)				Less than						After
		Total		1 year		1-3 years		4-5 years		5 years

Long-term debt	$	803,109	$	30,000	$	30,000	$	683,109	$	60,000
Interest on long-term debt		115,761		42,200		57,608		13,235		2,718
Capital lease obligations		16,837		6,727		6,952		3,158		-
Contingent acquisition consideration		33,688		25,808		7,880		-		-
Operating leases		266,230		55,512		92,766		53,615		64,337

Total contractual obligations	$	1,235,625	$	160,247	$	195,206	$	753,117	$	127,055

At June 30, 2023, we had commercial commitments totaling $19.5 million comprised of letters of credit outstanding due to expire within one year. We are required to make semi-annual payments of interest on our senior secured notes and our senior unsecured notes at an interest rate of 3.8% and 4.5%, respectively.

Redeemable non-controlling interests

In most operations where managers or employees are also minority owners, the Company is party to shareholders’ agreements. These agreements allow us to “call” the minority position at a value determined with the use of a formula price, which is in most cases equal to a multiple of trailing two-year average earnings, less debt. Minority owners may also “put” their interest to the Company at the same price, with certain limitations including: (i) the inability to “put” more than one-third to one-half of their holdings in any twelve-month period; and (ii) the inability to “put” any holdings for at least one year after the date of our initial acquisition of the business or the date the minority shareholder acquired the stock, as the case may be. The total value of the minority shareholders’ interests (the “redemption amount”), as calculated in accordance with shareholders’ agreements, was as follows.

		June 30		December 31
(in thousands of US$)		2023		2022

FirstService Residential	$	65,379	$	60,424
FirstService Brands		165,473		148,522
	$	230,852	$	208,946

The amount recorded on our balance sheet under the caption “Redeemable non-controlling interests” (“RNCI”) is the greater of: (i) the redemption amount (as above); and (ii) the amount initially recorded as RNCI at the date of inception of the minority equity position. As at June 30, 2023, the RNCI recorded on the balance sheet was $252.3 million. The purchase prices of the RNCI may be satisfied in cash or in Common Shares of FirstService. If all RNCI were redeemed with cash on hand and borrowings under our Facility, the pro forma estimated accretion to diluted net earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2023 would be $0.23, and no accretion to adjusted EPS.

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Off-balance sheet arrangements

The Company does not believe that it has off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on the Company’s financial performance or financial condition.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates and assumptions are based upon management’s historical experience and are believed by management to be reasonable under the circumstances. Such estimates and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis and form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Our critical accounting policies and estimates have been reviewed and discussed with our Audit Committee. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in the Company’s MD&A for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Financial instruments

We use financial instruments as part of our strategy to manage the risk associated with interest rates and currency exchange rates from time to time. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. As of the date of this MD&A, we have two interest swaps in place to exchange the floating interest rate on $200 million of debt under our Credit Agreement for a fixed rate.

Transactions with related parties

The Company has entered into office space rental arrangements and property management contracts with senior managers of certain subsidiaries. These senior managers are usually also minority shareholders of the subsidiaries. The business purpose of the transactions is to rent office space for the Company and to generate property management revenues for the Company. The recorded amount of the rent expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.3 million (2022 - $2.3 million).

As at June 30, 2023, the Company had $2.4 million of loans receivable from minority shareholders (December 31, 2022 - $2.4 million). The business purpose of the loans receivable was to finance the sale of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries to senior managers. The loan amounts are measured based on the formula price of the underlying non-controlling interests, and interest rates are determined based on the Company’s cost of borrowing plus a spread. The loans generally have terms of 5 to 10 years, but are open for repayment without penalty at any time.

Outstanding share data

The authorized capital of the Company consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares. The holders of Common Shares are entitled to one vote in respect of each Common Share held at all meetings of the shareholders of the Company.

As of the date hereof, the Company has outstanding 44,615,127 Common Shares. In addition, as at the date hereof, 2,488,049 Common Shares are issuable upon exercise of options granted under the Company’s stock option plan.

Canadian tax treatment of dividends

For the purposes of the enhanced dividend tax credit rules contained in the Income Tax Act (Canada) and any corresponding provincial and territorial tax legislation, all dividends (and deemed dividends) paid by us to Canadian residents on our Common Shares are designated as “eligible dividends”. Unless stated otherwise, all dividends (and deemed dividends) paid by us hereafter are designated as “eligible dividends” for the purposes of such rules.

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Changes in internal controls over financial reporting

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.

Forward-looking statements

This MD&A contains forward-looking statements with respect to expected financial performance, strategy and business conditions. The words “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “project,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These statements reflect management's current beliefs with respect to future events and are based on information currently available to management. Forward-looking statements involve significant known and unknown risk and uncertainties. Many factors could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors which may cause such differences include, but are not limited to those set out below, those set out above under “Public Health Crisis” and those set out in detail in the “Risk Factors” section of the Company’s Annual Information Form, which is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 40-F:

Economic conditions, especially as they relate to credit conditions, consumer spending and demand for managed residential property, particularly in regions where our business may be concentrated.

Residential real estate property values, resale rates and general conditions of financial liquidity for real estate transactions.

Extreme weather conditions impacting demand for our services or our ability to perform those services.

Economic deterioration impacting our ability to recover goodwill and other intangible assets.

A decline in our ability to generate cash from our businesses to fund future acquisitions and meet our debt obligations.

The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates in relation to the U.S. dollar on our Canadian dollar denominated revenues and expenses.

Competition in the markets served by the Company.

Labour shortages or increases in wage and benefit costs.

The effects of changes in interest rates on our cost of borrowing.

A decline in our performance impacting our continued compliance with the financial covenants under our debt agreements, or our ability to negotiate a waiver of certain covenants with our lenders.

Unexpected increases in operating costs, such as insurance, workers’ compensation, health care and fuel prices.

Changes in the frequency or severity of insurance incidents relative to our historical experience.

A decline in our ability to make acquisitions at reasonable prices and successfully integrate acquired operations.

The performance of acquired businesses and potential liabilities acquired in connection with such acquisitions.

Changes in laws, regulations and government policies at the federal, state/provincial or local level that may adversely impact our businesses.

Risks related to liability for employee acts or omissions, or installation/system failure, in our fire protection businesses.

A decline in our performance impacting our ability to pay dividends on our common shares.

Risks arising from any regulatory review and litigation.

Risks associated with intellectual property and other proprietary rights that are material to our business.

Disruptions or security failures in our information technology systems.

Political conditions, including any outbreak or escalation of terrorism or hostilities and the impact thereof on our business.

Performance in our commercial and large loss property restoration business.

Volatility of the market price of our common shares.

Potential future dilution to the holders of our common shares.

Risks related to our qualification as a foreign private issuer.

The outbreak of epidemics or pandemics or other health crises could result in volatility and disruptions in the supply and demand for our products and services, global supply chains and financial markets.

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We caution that the foregoing list is not exhaustive of all possible factors, as other factors could adversely affect our results, performance or achievements. The reader is cautioned against undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying our forward-looking statements are reasonable, any of the assumptions could prove inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance that the results contemplated in such forward-looking statements will be realized. The inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by the Company or any other person that the future events, plans or expectations contemplated by the Company will be achieved. We note that past performance in operations and share price are not necessarily predictive of future performance. All forward-looking statements in this MD&A are qualified by these cautionary statements. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this MD&A and, unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, we do not intend, nor do we undertake any obligation, to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A to reflect subsequent information, events, results or circumstances or otherwise.

Additional information

Additional information regarding the Company, including our Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2022, is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.

Further information about us can also be obtained at www.firstservice.com.