The percentage of overdue account balances to total loans decreased to 1.38% as of March 31, 2025 from 1.71% as of December 31, 2024, while non-performing assets decreased $622,000, or 15.0%, to $3.5 million at March 31, 2025.
Non-interest income totaled $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $161,000, or 10.1%, from the comparable period in 2024, due primarily to an increase of $166,000, or 66.4%, in other non-interest income investment as swap income increased. Service charges on deposit accounts also increased by $30,000, or 4.0%, as deposits increased. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in investment advisory income of $45,000, or 11.8%, resulting from a decline in the market due to unpredictable economic conditions. Gains on sales of loans also decreased $8,000 as we sold $385,000 of residential mortgage loans in the first quarter of 2025 as compared to sales of $2.0 million in the first quarter of 2024.
For the first quarter of 2025, non-interest expense rose to $9.5 million, reflecting a $631,000, or 7.1%, increase compared to the same period in 2024. The increase was broad-based, with almost all major expense categories rising. Other non-interest expense grew by $256,000, or 16.8%, driven by higher retail banking costs. Salaries and benefits rose $142,000, primarily due to increased production commissions. Marketing expense rose by $79,000, or 65.3%, largely due to promotional initiatives associated with the launch of higher-yielding deposit products. Additionally, professional fees, FDIC insurance expense, and data processing fees increased by $63,000, $44,000, and $30,000, respectively.
Balance Sheet Analysis
Total assets increased slightly by $159,000 to remain relatively stable at $1.26 billion as of March 31, 2025. Cash and cash equivalents rose by $13.0 million, or 34.8%, driven by higher deposits held at the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, funded by proceeds from maturing securities. Loans receivable grew by $4.7 million, or 0.5%, to $976.5 million, primarily reflecting a $17.9 million increase in commercial real estate loans and a $4.3 million increase in residential real estate loans. This was partially offset by a decline of $17.7 million in indirect automobile loans, in line with a strategic decision to reduce their share of the portfolio. These increases were largely offset by a $15.1 million, or 9.4%, decrease in available-for-sale securities, primarily due to $18.1 million in paydowns, calls, and maturities, partially offset by a $2.3 million reduction in unrealized losses.
Past due loans decreased $3.2 million, or 18.9%, between December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, finishing at $13.6 million, or 1.38% of total loans, down from $16.7 million, or 1.71% of total loans at year-end 2024. The decrease was most notable in indirect automobile loans, reflecting the positive impact of more conservative underwriting standards. The allowance for credit losses was 0.86% of total loans and 239.35% of non-performing loans at March 31, 2025 as compared to 0.88% of total loans and 206.56% of non-performing loans at December 31, 2024. Non-performing assets totaled $3.5 million at March 31, 2025, a decrease of $622,000, from $4.1 million at December 31, 2024.
Total liabilities decreased by $4.0 million, or 0.4%, to $1.13 billion at March 31, 2025. The decline was primarily driven by a $15.9 million, or 22.8%, reduction in borrowings and a $1.8 million, or 19.1%, decrease in mortgagors’ escrow accounts. These decreases were largely offset by a $13.5 million, or 1.3%, increase in deposits. The growth in deposits was almost entirely attributable to a $13.6 million, or 1.7%, increase in interest-bearing deposits, while non-interest-bearing deposits declined slightly by $174,000, or 0.1%. The increase in savings and money market accounts reflected the Bank’s promotion of higher-yielding products in response to customer demand for better interest rates. Uninsured deposits were approximately 27.8% and 26.9% of the Bank’s total deposits as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Stockholders' equity increased $4.1 million, or 3.4%, to $126.0 million at March 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to $2.3 million in net income and a $1.8 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss reflecting the results of the balance sheet restructuring. The Company's ratio of average equity to average assets was 9.77% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 9.23% for the year ended December 31, 2024.