UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A
(Rule 14a-101)
SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION
Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
Filed by the Registrant [X]
Filed by a Party other than the Registrant [ ]
Check the appropriate box:
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[X]
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Preliminary Proxy Statement.
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[ ]
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Confidential, for use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2)).
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[ ]
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Definitive Proxy Statement.
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Definitive Additional Materials.
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Soliciting Material Pursuant to § 240.14a-12.
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RIVERNORTH/DOUBLELINE STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY FUND,
INC.
RiverNorth
Specialty Finance Corporation
RiverNorth
Opportunistic Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
Rivernorth
managed duration municipal income fund, inc.
Rivernorth
Flexible municipal income fund, inc.
(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if
other than the Registrant)
Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):
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[X]
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No fee required.
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[ ]
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Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.
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(1)
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Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:
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(2)
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Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:
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(3)
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Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):
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(4)
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Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:
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[ ]
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Fee paid previously with preliminary materials:
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[ ]
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Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the form or schedule and the date of its filing.
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(1)
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Amount Previously Paid:
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(2)
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Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:
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RIVERNORTH/DOUBLELINE STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY FUND,
INC.
RIVERNORTH SPECIALTY FINANCE CORPORATION
RIVERNORTH OPPORTUNISTIC MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND,
INC.
RIVERNORTH MANAGED DURATION MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND,
INC.
RIVERNORTH FLEXIBLE MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC.
444 W Lake Street
Suite 1700
Chicago, Illinois 60606
NOTICE OF Annual
MEETING OF stockholders
To be held August [27], 2021
RiverNorth/DoubleLine Strategic Opportunity Fund,
Inc. (“OPP”), RiverNorth Specialty Finance Corporation (“RSF”), RiverNorth Opportunistic Municipal Income Fund,
Inc. (“RMI”), RiverNorth Managed Duration Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (“RMM”), RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income
Fund, Inc. (“RFM” and, together with OPP, RSF, RMI and RMM, the “Funds”) each a Maryland corporation, will host
a combined Annual Meeting of Stockholders on August [27], 2021 at the offices of RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC, 444 W Lake Street,
Suite 1700, Chicago, Illinois 60606, at [10:00 a.m. Central Time] (the “Annual Meeting” or “Meeting”). The Annual
Meeting is being held so that stockholders can consider the following proposals:
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1.
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To elect Directors to the Board of Directors (each a “Board”) of each Fund as outlined below:
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders, voting together.
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only.
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders, voting together.
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only.
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c.
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For RMI, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
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d.
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For RMM, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
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e.
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For RFM, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
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2.
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With respect to OPP, a proposal made pursuant to its Articles of Amendment and Restatement (the “Charter”)
to convert the Fund from a closed-end investment company to an open-end investment company.
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3.
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To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournments or
postponements thereof.
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THE BOARD
of directors of each fund UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMEND THAT YOU VOTE FOR PROPOSAL 1, to elect the nominated directors of each fund.
THE board
of directors of Opp unanimously recommends that you vote AGainst proposal 2, to convert the Fund from a closed-end investment
company to an open-end investment company.
Stockholders of record of each Fund at the close of
business on June [30], 2021 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting and any adjournment(s) thereof. The Notice of the
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, proxy statement and proxy card is being mailed on or about July [ ], 2021 to such stockholders of record.
By Order of the Boards of Directors,
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Marc L. Collings
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Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer of each Fund
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[ ], 2021
YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT
You can vote easily and quickly over the Internet,
by toll-free telephone call, or by mail. Just follow the simple instructions that appear on your proxy card. Please help the Funds reduce
the need to conduct telephone solicitation and/or follow-up mailings by voting today.
RIVERNORTH/DOUBLELINE STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY FUND,
INC.
RIVERNORTH SPECIALTY FINANCE CORPORATION
RIVERNORTH OPPORTUNISTIC MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND,
INC.
RIVERNORTH MANAGED DURATION MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND,
INC.
RIVERNORTH FLEXIBLE MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC.
[ ], 2021
To the Stockholders of the Above Funds,
Thank you for your investment in the Funds. You
are invited to attend a joint annual meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Meeting” or “Meeting”) of
RiverNorth/DoubleLine Strategic Opportunity Fund, Inc. (“OPP”), RiverNorth Specialty Finance Corporation
(“RSF”), RiverNorth Opportunistic Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (“RMI”), RiverNorth Managed Duration Municipal
Income Fund, Inc. (“RMM”), RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (“RFM” and, together with OPP,
RSF, RMI and RMM, the “Funds,”). The Meeting will occur on August [27], 2021 at the offices of the Funds’
investment adviser, RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC, 444 W Lake Street, Suite 1700, Chicago, Illinois 60606
(“RiverNorth” or the “Adviser”). The Annual Meeting will be held at [10:00 a.m. (Central Time)]. Formal
notice of the Meeting and the Joint Proxy Statement for the Meeting follows this letter.
At the Meeting, you are being asked to vote on the
following matters and to transact such other business, if any, as may properly come before the meeting:
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1.
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The election of Directors to the Board of Directors (each a “Board”) of each Fund as outlined
below:
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders, voting together.
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only.
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders, voting together.
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only.
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c.
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For RMI, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
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d.
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For RMM, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
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e.
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For RFM, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
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2.
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With respect to OPP, a proposal made pursuant to its Articles of Amendment and Restatement (the “Charter”)
to convert the Fund from a closed-end investment company to an open-end investment company.
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The Board recommends that you vote FOR Proposal
1, electing each Fund’s nominated Directors; and AGAINST Proposal 2, rejecting the conversion of OPP to an open-end investment
company.
I encourage you to exercise your rights in governing
the Funds by voting on the proposals. Your vote is important.
Whether or not you expect to attend the Meeting, it
is important that your shares be represented. Your immediate response will help reduce the need for the Fund to conduct additional proxy
solicitations. Please review the proxy statement and then vote by Internet, telephone or mail as soon as possible. If you vote by mail,
please sign and return all of the proxy cards included in this package. If you have any questions regarding the proposals or the voting
process, please call [ ] toll-free at [ ].
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Funds are urging
all stockholders to take advantage of voting by mail, by telephone or through the Internet. Additionally, while the Meeting is anticipated
to occur as-planned, there is a possibility that, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Meeting may be postponed or the location or approach
may need to be changed, including the possibility of holding the Meeting via remote communications for the health and safety of all Meeting
participants. Should this occur, the Funds will publicly announce the decision to do so in advance and will provide details on how stockholders
may participate in the alternative meeting. Any announcement will also be posted to the Funds' website, www.rivernorth.com, following
release. If you plan to attend the Meeting in person, please note that the Meeting will be held in accordance with any recommended and
required social distancing and safety guidelines, as applicable.
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Sincerely,
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Marcus L. Collins
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Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer of each Fund
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SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT INFORMATION CONTAINED
IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT
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Q.
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Why am I receiving this proxy statement?
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A.
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You are being asked to vote on two important matters affecting the Funds, as follows:
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(1) The election of Directors to the
Board of each Fund as outlined below:
For OPP:
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders, voting together.
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only.
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For RSF:
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders, voting together.
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to elect one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only.
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For RMI, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
For RMM, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
For RFM, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
(2) With respect to OPP, a proposal made
pursuant to its Charter to convert the Fund from a closed-end investment company to an open-end investment company.
Proposal 1: Election
of the Board of Directors of each Fund
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Why am I being asked to vote?
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A.
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Each Fund is required to hold an annual meeting of stockholders for the election of members of the Board.
Each Fund’s Board is divided into three classes, each class having a term of three years. Each year, the term of office for one
class will expire. For each Fund, the Class I Directors’ terms are up for election. John K. Carter and John S. Oakes have been designated
as nominees for re-election as Class I Directors of each Fund. More information about the Directors is available in the Joint Proxy Statement.
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Q.
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Who can vote on this proposal?
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A.
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Stockholders of record at the close of business on June [30], 2021 of each Fund are able to vote on Proposal
1.
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For RSF and OPP only, Class I Director,
John K. Carter, is to be elected by record holders of both common shares and preferred shares, voting together as a single class. However,
Class I Director, John S. Oakes, is to be elected by holders of RSF’s and OPP’s preferred shares only.
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Q.
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How many of the proposed individuals will be Independent Directors if re-elected?
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A.
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Class I Directors John K. Carter and John S. Oakes are currently Independent Directors and will remain
Independent Directors if re-elected by stockholders.
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Q.
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When will the proposed individuals take office?
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A.
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Class I Directors John K. Carter and John S. Oakes are currently Directors and are expected to continue
serving on each Fund’s Board following relection at the Annual Meeting.
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Q.
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What stockholder vote is required for the election of Directors to the Board of each Fund?
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For each Fund, the affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes cast at the Annual Meeting will be required to elect the specified nominees as Directors of that Fund, provided a quorum is present. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the approval of the proposal to elect Directors.
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Q.
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How does the Board recommend that I vote?
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A.
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The Board recommends that you vote FOR the proposal for the election of the Directors to the Board
of each Fund as outlined in the Joint Proxy Statement.
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Proposal 2: With respect to OPP, a proposal
made pursuant to its Charter to convert the Fund from a closed-end investment company to an open-end investment company.
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Q.
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What is this proposal?
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A.
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OPP’s stockholders are being asked to consider whether to convert the Fund from a closed-end fund
to an open-end investment company.
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Q.
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Why is this proposal being submitted to stockholders?
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A.
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The Fund has operated as a closed-end management investment company (commonly referred to as a “closed-end
fund”) since its inception in 2016. The Fund’s Charter requires that in the calendar year 2021, the Board call a meeting of
stockholders for the purposes of voting to determine whether the Fund should be converted to an open-end fund.
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Q.
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How does the Board recommend that I vote?
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A.
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The Directors of OPP believe the continued operation of the Fund as a closed-end fund is in the best interest
of the Fund’s stockholders. The Board recommends that you vote AGAINST the proposal to convert the Fund from a closed-end
investment company to an open-end investment company.
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Q.
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Why
does the Board recommend that I vote against the proposal?
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A.
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The Board believes that the Fund has been successful in its current closed-end fund structure and that
any benefits that stockholders might receive from changing the structure would be significantly outweighed by the negatives of operating
as and converting to an open-end fund. At a meeting held on May 12, 2021, the Board considered information concerning a number of factors
relevant to Proposal 2, including the anticipated effects on OPP of a conversion to an open-end fund, the legal, operational and practical
differences between closed-end and open-end investment companies, OPP’s performance as a closed-end fund and the historical relationship
between the market price of the Fund’s shares and its net asset value per share. More information about the Board’s considerations
is available in the Joint Proxy Statement.
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Q.
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What effect would approval of this proposal have on OPP?
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A.
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If the Fund converts to an open-end fund, the Fund’s shares would become redeemable directly by
the Fund at NAV and would not trade on any exchange. In addition, there would be significant effects on the Fund’s operations and
portfolio management, which are discussed in detail in the Joint Proxy Statement.
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Q.
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What other approvals or actions would be authorized by this proposal?
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A.
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In order to address the organizational changes necessitated by converting from a closed-end fund to an
open-end fund, approval of this proposal would also authorize the Directors to make such amendments to OPP’s Charter and such other
changes as they may deem necessary or appropriate, which may require additional stockholder approval.
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Q.
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Who can vote on this proposal?
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A.
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Common and preferred stockholders of OPP of record on June [30], 2021 of the Fund are able to vote on Proposal
2.
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Q.
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What
stockholder vote is required to approve the Proposal 2?
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A.
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Approval
of the proposal to convert the Fund from a closed-end investment company to an open-end investment company will require the affirmative
vote of the holders of record of the majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at the Meeting.
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General
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I have only a few shares — does my vote matter?
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Your vote is important. If many stockholders choose not to vote, the Funds might not receive enough votes to reach a quorum to hold the Meeting. If it appears that there will not be a quorum, the Funds would have to send additional mailings or otherwise solicit stockholders to try to obtain more votes.
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Q.
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What is the deadline for submitting my vote?
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A.
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We encourage you to vote as soon as possible to make sure that the Funds receive enough votes to act on the proposals. Unless you attend the Meeting to vote in person, your vote (cast by Internet, telephone or paper proxy cards as described below) must be received by the Funds for the Annual Meeting by [10:00 a.m. Central Time].
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Q.
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Who is eligible to vote?
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A.
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Stockholders of record at the close of business on
June [30], 2021 of each Fund are able to vote on Proposal 1. For RSF and OPP only, Class I Director, John K. Carter, is to be elected by
record holders of both common shares and preferred shares, voting together as a single class. However, Class I Director, John S. Oakes,
is to be elected by holders of RSF’s and OPP’s preferred shares only.
Common and preferred stockholders of OPP of record
on June [30], 2021 of the Fund are able to vote on Proposal 2.
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A.
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You may vote in any of four ways:
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Through the Internet. Please follow the instructions on your proxy cards.
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By telephone, with a toll-free call to the phone number indicated on the proxy cards.
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By mailing in your proxy cards.
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In person at the Meeting at the offices of the RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC on August [27], 2021.
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We encourage you to vote via the Internet
or telephone using the control number on your proxy cards and following the simple instructions because these methods result in the most
efficient means of transmitting your vote and reduce the need for the Funds to conduct telephone solicitations and/or follow up mailings.
If you would like to change your previous vote, you may vote again using any of the methods described above.
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Q.
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Who should I call if I have questions?
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A.
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If you have any questions regarding the proposals or the voting process, please call [ ] toll-free at [ ].
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Q.
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How should I sign the proxy cards?
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A.
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You should sign your name exactly as it appears on the proxy cards. Unless you have instructed us otherwise, either owner of a joint account may sign the cards, but again, the owner must sign the name exactly as it appears on the cards. The proxy cards for accounts of which the signer is not the owner should be signed in a way that indicates the signer’s authority—for example, “Mary Smith, Custodian.”
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Q.
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Will the Funds pay for the proxy solicitation and related legal costs?
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A.
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The expenses incurred in connection with preparing the Joint Proxy Statement and its enclosures will be paid by the Funds.
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RIVERNORTH/DOUBLELINE STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY FUND,
INC.
RIVERNORTH SPECIALTY FINANCE CORPORATION
RIVERNORTH OPPORTUNISTIC MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND,
INC.
RIVERNORTH MANAGED DURATION MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND,
INC.
RIVERNORTH FLEXIBLE MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC.
444 W. Lake Street,
Suite 1700
Chicago, Illinois 60606
JOINT
PROXY STATEMENT
ANNUAL MEETING
OF Stockholders
to held on August [27], 2021 at [10:00 a.m. Central
Time]
Introduction
This Joint Proxy Statement is furnished in
connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Boards of Directors (each a “Board” and collectively, the
“Boards”) of RiverNorth/DoubleLine Strategic Opportunity Fund, Inc. (“OPP”), RiverNorth Specialty Finance
Corporation (“RSF”), RiverNorth Opportunistic Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (“RMI”), RiverNorth Managed
Duration Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (“RMM”) and RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (“RFM”)
(each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”), each a Maryland corporation, for use at the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders of each Fund (the “Annual Meeting” or “Meeting”) to be held on August [27], 2021, at [10:00
a.m. Central Time], at the offices of RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC, each Fund’s investment adviser
(“RiverNorth” or the “Adviser”), 444 W Lake Street, Suite 1700, Chicago, Illinois 60606, and at any
adjournments or postponements thereof. The following table identifies the proposals set forth in this proxy statement.
Proposal Number
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Proposal Description
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1
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To elect Directors to the Board of Directors (each
a “Board”) of each Fund as outlined below:
a. For
OPP:
a. to
elect one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders, voting together.
b. to
elect one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only.
b. For
RSF:
a. to
elect one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders, voting together.
b. to
elect one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only.
c. For
RMI, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
d. For
RMM, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
e. For
RFM, to elect two (2) Class I Directors.
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2
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With respect to OPP, a proposal made pursuant to its Articles of Amendment and Restatement (the “Charter”) to convert the Fund from a closed-end investment company to an open-end investment company.
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3
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To consider and vote upon such other matters, including adjournments, as may properly come before the Meeting or any adjournments thereof.
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The Board recommends that you vote FOR PROPOSAL
1, electing each Fund’s nominated Directors; and AGAINST PROPOSAL 2, rejecting the conversion of OPP to an open-end investment
company.
You will find this proxy statement divided into four
parts:
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Part 1
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Provides details on the proposal to elect Directors to the Board
of each Fund (see page 3).
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Part 2
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Provides details on the proposal to amend OPP’s Charter
to convert the Fund from a closed-end investment company to an open-end investment company (see page 16).
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Part 3
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Provides information about ownership of shares of the Funds
(see page 23).
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Part 4
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Provides other information on the Funds, voting, and the Meeting
(see page 24).
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A Notice of the Annual Meeting of Stockholders and
a proxy card accompany this Joint Proxy Statement, which is expected to be first be mailed to stockholders on or about July [ ], 2021.
The Boards have determined that the use of this Joint Proxy Statement is in the best interests of each Fund in light of the similar matters
being considered and voted on by the stockholders.
The close of business on June [30], 2021 has been fixed
as the record date (the “Record Date”) for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual
Meeting. RMI, RMM and RFM each have one class of stock: common shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. OPP and RSF have two
classes of stock: common shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share and preferred shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share.
Throughout this Joint Proxy Statement, common shares of each Fund will be referred to as “Common Shares,” preferred shares
of OPP and RSF will be referred to as “Preferred Shares,” and, unless the context otherwise requires, Common Shares and Preferred
Shares will generally be referred to as “Shares.” Stockholders of record on the Record Date are entitled to one vote for each
Share the stockholder owns and a pro rata fractional vote for any fractional Share the stockholder owns.
Please read the Joint Proxy Statement before voting
on the proposals. If you have any questions regarding the proposals or the voting process, please call [ ] toll-free at [ ].
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Materials
for the Meeting to be Held on August [27], 2021
The Joint Proxy Statement for the Meeting is available
at [ ]
Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Funds’
most recent annual and semi-annual reports to stockholders are available, upon request, at no cost. You may view these reports at the
Funds’ website at rivernorth.com. You may also request a report by calling toll-free at [(844) 569-4750].
PART 1
PROPOSAL 1
Election of
Directors
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_
The proposal relates to the election of certain of the Directors of each
Fund, as shown in the table below.
Matter
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Common
Shares
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Preferred
Shares
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For OPP, election of one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders.
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X
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X
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For OPP, election of one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only
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-
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X
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For RSF, election of one (1) Class I Director by all stockholders.
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X
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X
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For RSF, election of one (1) Class I Director by Preferred Shares only
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-
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X
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For RMI, election of two (2) Class I Directors.
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X
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N/A
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For RMM, election of two (2) Class I Directors.
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X
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N/A
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For RFM, election of two (2) Class I Directors.
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X
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N/A
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The Board has, by resolution adopted on October 2,
2020 and October 16, 2020, reclassified from unissued Common Shares and authorized the issuance of Preferred Shares. Stockholders of outstanding
Preferred Shares are entitled to vote as a separate class on a one-vote-per-share basis to elect two Directors of OPP at all times. Stockholders
of outstanding shares of Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class, shall elect the balance of OPP’s
Directors. Under the organizational documents of OPP, its Board is divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year
terms. The initial terms of the first, second and third classes of Directors will expire at the first, second and third annual meetings
of stockholders, respectively, and, in each case, until their successors are duly elected and qualify, or until a Director sooner dies,
retires, resigns or is removed as provided in the governing documents of the Fund. Upon expiration of their initial terms, Directors of
each class will be elected to serve for three-year terms and until their successors are duly elected and qualify, and at each annual meeting,
one class of Directors will be elected by the stockholders.
For OPP, at the Annual Meeting, Class I Director,
John K. Carter, is to be elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class, and Class I Director,
John S. Oakes, is to be elected by holders of Preferred Shares only, voting as a single class. Class I Directors John K. Carter and John
S. Oakes have been designated as nominees for election as Class I Directors for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders
in 2024 or until their successors have been duly elected and qualify. Class III Directors Patrick W. Galley and Jerry R. Raio are current
and continuing Class III Directors that are each elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single
class. J. Wayne Hutchens is the current and continuing Class II Director that is elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares,
voting together as a single class. David M. Swanson is the current and continuing Class II Director that is elected by holders of Preferred
Shares only.
On August 20, 2019, the RSF Board amended (the “Amendment”)
the organizational documents of RSF to divide its Board into three classes of Directors serving staggered three year terms. The initial
terms of the first, second and third classes of Directors will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2021, 2022 and 2020, respectively,
and, in each case until their successors are duly elected and qualify, or until a Director sooner dies, retires, resigns or is removed
as provided in the governing documents of the Fund. Upon expiration of their initial terms, Directors of each class will be elected to
serve for three-year terms and until their successors are duly elected and qualify, and at each annual meeting, one class of Directors
will be elected by the stockholders. Prior to the Amendment, each Director served an annual term and at each annual meeting, Directors
were elected to serve until the next annual meeting or until their successors were duly elected and qualified.
For RSF, at the Annual Meeting, Class I Director,
John K. Carter, is to be elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class, and Class I Director,
John S. Oakes, is to be elected by holders of Preferred Shares only, voting as a single class. Class I Directors John K. Carter and John
S. Oakes have been designated as nominees for election as Class I Directors for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders
in 2024 or until their successors have been duly elected and qualify. Class III Directors Patrick W. Galley and Jerry R. Raio are current
and continuing Class III Directors that are each elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single
class. J. Wayne Hutchens is the current and continuing Class II Director that is elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares,
voting together as a single class. David M. Swanson is the current and continuing Class II Director that is elected by holders of Preferred
Shares only.
(c) RMI
Under the organizational documents of RMI, its Board
is divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms. The initial terms of the first, second and third classes
of Directors will expire at the third, first and second annual meetings of stockholders, respectively, and, in each case, until their
successors are duly elected and qualify, or until a Director sooner dies, retires, resigns or is removed as provided in the governing
documents of the Fund. Upon expiration of their initial terms, Directors of each class will be elected to serve for three-year terms and
until their successors are duly elected and qualify, and at each annual meeting, one class of Directors will be elected by the stockholders.
For RMI, at the Annual Meeting, two Class I Directors
are to be elected by all stockholders. Class I Directors John K. Carter and John S. Oakes have been designated as nominees for election
as Class I Directors for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2024 or until their successors have been duly elected
and qualify. Directors J. Wayne Hutchens and David M. Swanson (the Class II Directors) and Patrick W. Galley and Jerry R. Raio (the Class
III Directors) are current and continuing Directors.
(d) RMM
Under the organizational documents of RMM, its Board
is divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms. The initial terms of the first, second and third classes
of Directors will expire at the second, third and first annual meetings of stockholders, respectively, and, in each case, until their
successors are duly elected and qualify, or until a Director sooner dies, retires, resigns or is removed as provided in the governing
documents of the Fund. Upon expiration of their initial terms, Directors of each class will be elected to serve for three-year terms and
until their successors are duly elected and qualify, and at each annual meeting, one class of Directors will be elected by the stockholders.
For RMM, at the Annual Meeting, two Class I Directors
are to be elected by all stockholders. Class I Directors John K. Carter and John S. Oakes have been designated as nominees for election
as Class I Directors for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2024 or until their successors have been duly elected
and qualify. Directors J. Wayne Hutchens and David M. Swanson (the Class II Directors) and Patrick W. Galley and Jerry R. Raio (the Class
III Directors) are current and continuing Directors.
(e) RFM
Under the organizational documents of RFM, its Board
is divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms. The initial terms of the first, second and third classes
of Directors will expire at the second, third and first annual meetings of stockholders, respectively, and, in each case, until their
successors are duly elected and qualify, or until a Director sooner dies, retires, resigns or is removed as provided in the governing
documents of the Fund. Upon expiration of their initial terms, Directors of each class will be elected to serve for three-year terms and
until their successors are duly elected and qualify, and at each annual meeting, one class of Directors will be elected by the stockholders.
For RFM, at the Annual Meeting, two Class I Directors
are to be elected by all stockholders. Class I Directors John K. Carter and John S. Oakes have been designated as nominees for election
as Class I Directors for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2024 or until their successors have been duly elected
and qualify. Directors J. Wayne Hutchens and David M. Swanson (the Class II Directors) and Patrick W. Galley and Jerry R. Raio (the Class
III Directors) are current and continuing Directors.
MANAGEMENT
Management of the Funds
The management of each Fund, including general supervision
of the duties performed for each Fund under the investment management agreement between each Fund and the Adviser, is the responsibility
of its Boards. There are six Directors of each Fund, two of whom are “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company
Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) of each Fund (such Directors, the “Interested Directors”) and four of
whom are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of each Fund (such Directors, the “Independent Directors”).
The Directors of a Fund set broad policies for that Fund, choose the Fund’s officers and hire the Fund’s investment adviser
and sub-adviser (if applicable). The officers of a Fund manage the day-to-day operations and are responsible to each Fund’s Board.
The following is a list of Directors and officers
of each Fund and a statement of their present positions, principal occupations during the past five years, the number of portfolios
each Director oversees and the other directorships held by the Directors during the past five years, if applicable. There are no
familial relationships among the officers and Directors. Except as otherwise noted, the address for all Directors and officers is 325
North LaSalle Street, Suite 645, Chicago, Illinois 60654.
INDEPENDENT AND INTERESTED DIRECTORS
Name, Address, and Year of Birth
|
Position(s)
Held with
Funds
|
Term of Office
and Length
of Time Served
|
Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past
Five Years
|
Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex(1)
Overseen
by
Director
|
Other
Directorships
Held by
Director
during past
Five Years
|
John K. Carter
(1961)
|
Independent Director
|
Term: Class I Expires in 2021.
Service: since 2020 (RFM); since 2019 (RMM); since 2018 (RMI); since 2016
(OPP); since 2015 (RSF).
|
Managing Partner, Law Office of John K. Carter, P.A. (a general practice and corporate law firm) (2015 to present); Managing Partner, Global Recruiters of St. Petersburg (a financial services consulting and recruiting firm) (2012 to present).
|
10
|
Carillon Mutual Funds (12 funds) (2016 to present); RiverNorth Funds (3 funds) (2013 to present); RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc. (1 fund) (2013 to present); RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc. (1 fund) (2021 to present).
|
J. Wayne Hutchens
(1944)
|
Independent Director
|
Term: Class II Expires in 2022.
Service: since 2020 (RFM); since 2019 (RMM); since 2018 (RMI); since 2019
(OPP); since 2019 (RSF).
|
Currently retired; Trustee of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science (2000
to present); Director of AMG National Trust Bank (June 2012 to present); Trustee of Children’s Hospital Colorado (May 2012 to present).
|
7
|
ALPS Series Trust (9 funds) (2012 to present); RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc. (1 fund) (2013 to present); RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc. (1 fund) (2021 to present).
|
John S. Oakes
(1943)
|
Independent Director
|
Term: Class I Expires in 2021.
Service: since 2020 (RFM); since 2019 (RMM); since 2018 (RMI); since 2016
(OPP); since 2015 (RSF).
|
Currently retired; Principal, Financial Search and Consulting (a recruiting and consulting firm) (2013 to 2017).
|
10
|
RiverNorth Funds (3 funds) (2010 to present); RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc. (1 fund) (2013 to present); RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc. (1 fund) (2021 to present).
|
David M. Swanson
(1957)
|
Independent Director
|
Term: Class II Expires in 2022.
Service: since 2020 (RFM); since 2019 (RMM); since 2018 (RMI); since 2019
(OPP); since 2018 (RSF).
|
Founder & Managing Partner, SwanDog Strategic Marketing (2006 to present).
|
10
|
RiverNorth Funds (3 funds) (2018 to present); RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc. (2013 to present); Managed Portfolio Series (33 funds) (2011 to present); ALPS Variable Investment Trust (7 funds) (2006 to present); RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc. (1 fund) (2021 to present).
|
Patrick W. Galley(2)
(1975)
|
Interested Director, Chairman, and President
|
Term: Class III Expires in 2023.
Service: since 2020 (RFM); since 2019 (RMM); since 2018 (RMI); since
2016 (OPP); since 2015 (RSF).
|
Chief Executive Officer, RiverNorth Capital Management, (since 2020); Chief
Investment Officer, RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (2004 to present).
|
10
|
RiverNorth Funds (3 funds) (2006 to present); RiverNorth Opportunities
Fund, Inc. (1 fund) (2013 to present); RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc. (1 fund) (2021 to present).
|
Jerry R. Raio(3)
(1964)
|
Interested Director
|
Term: Class III Expires in 2023.
Service: since 2020 (RFM); since 2019 (RMM); since 2018 (RMI); since 2018
(OPP); since 2018 (RSF).
|
President, Arbor Lane Advisors, Inc. (Since 2018); Board Member of each of FLX Distribution, (2020 to present); Qudos Technologies (2019 to present); and Quantify Crypto (2021 to present); Head of Capital Markets, ClickIPO (2018-2019); Managing Director, Head of Retail Origination, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (2005 to 2018).
|
7
|
RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc. (1 fund)(2019 to present);
RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc. (1 fund) (2021 to present).
|
|
(1)
|
The Fund Complex consists of the Funds, the RiverNorth Funds (3 Funds), the RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc. and the RiverNorth
Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc. for all Directors, except for Mr. Raio and Mr. Hutchens. For Mr. Raio and Mr. Hutchens, the Fund
Complex consists of the Funds, the RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc. and the RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc.
|
|
(2)
|
Mr. Galley is deemed an “interested person” of each Fund due to his position as Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Investment Officer of RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC, the investment adviser to each Fund.
|
|
(3)
|
Mr. Raio is deemed an “interested person” of each Fund because of his current position as a director of FLX Distribution,
which the Adviser is an investor in and Mr. Galley is a Director of; and because of his prior position as Managing Director – Head
of Retail Origination at Wells Fargo, which had previously served as a broker and principal underwriter for certain funds advised by the
Adviser.
|
Officers
|
Name, Address, and Year of Birth
|
Position Held with Funds
|
Term of Office and
Length of Time
Served(3)
|
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years
|
Jonathan M.
Mohrhardt
(1974)
|
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer
|
RFM: Indefinite/Has served since 2020.
RMM: Indefinite/Has served since 2019.
RMI: Indefinite/Has served since 2018.
OPP: Indefinite/Has served since 2016.
RSF: Indefinite/Has served since 2015.
|
President, RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (since 2020); Chief Operating
Officer, RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (2011 to present).
|
Marcus L. Collins
(1968)
|
Chief Compliance Officer and Secretary
|
RFM: Indefinite/Has served since 2020.
RMM: Indefinite/Has served since 2019.
RMI: Indefinite/Has served since 2018.
OPP: Indefinite/Has served since 2016.
RSF: Indefinite/Has served since 2015.
|
General Counsel, RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (2012 to present), Chief Compliance Officer, RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC (2012 to present).
|
Board Leadership Structure. The
Board of Directors, which has overall responsibility for the oversight of each Fund’s investment programs and business affairs,
believes that it has structured itself in a manner that allows it to effectively perform its oversight obligations. Mr. Patrick W. Galley,
the Chairman of the Board (“Chairman”), is not an Independent Director.
The Board believes that the use of an interested director
as Chairman is the appropriate leadership structure for each Fund given (i) Mr. Patrick Galley’s role in the day to day operations
of the Adviser, (ii) the extent to which the work of the Board of Directors is conducted through the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
(the “Audit Committee”) and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Nominating
and Corporate Governance Committee”), each of whose meetings is chaired by an Independent Director, (iii) the frequency that Independent
Directors meet with their independent legal counsel and auditors in the absence of members of the Board of Directors who are interested
directors of each Fund and management, and (iv) the overall sophistication of the Independent Directors, both individually and collectively.
The members of the Board of Directors also complete an annual self-assessment during which the directors review their overall structure
and consider where and how their structure remains appropriate in light of each Fund’s current circumstances. The Chairman’s
role is to preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and in between meetings of the Board of Directors to generally act as the
liaison between the Board of Directors and each Fund’s officers, attorneys and various other service providers, including but not
limited to the Adviser and other such third parties servicing each Fund. The Board of Directors believes that having an interested person
serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors enables Mr. Galley to more effectively carry out these liaison activities. The Board of Directors
also believes that it benefits during its meetings from having a person intimately familiar with the operation of each Fund to set the
agenda for meetings of the Board of Directors to ensure that important matters are brought to the attention of and considered by the Board
of Directors.
Each Fund has two standing committees, each of which
enhances the leadership structure of the Board of Directors: the Audit Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.
The Audit Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are each chaired by, and composed of, members who are Independent
Directors.
For each Fund, the Audit Committee is comprised of
Messrs. Carter, Oakes, Swanson and Hutchens, all of whom are “independent” as defined in the listing standard of the New York
Stock Exchange. Mr. Hutchens is the Chair of the Audit Committee and has been determined to qualify as an “audit committee financial
expert” as such term is defined in Form N-CSR. The role of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board of Directors in its oversight
of (i) the quality and integrity of each Fund’s financial statements, reporting process and the independent registered public accounting
firm (the “independent accountants”) and reviews thereof, (ii) each Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies
and practices, its internal controls and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers, (iii) each Fund’s
compliance with certain legal and regulatory requirements, and (iv) the independent accountants’ qualifications, independence and
performance. The Audit Committee is also required to prepare an audit committee report pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”) for inclusion in each Fund’s annual proxy statement. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to the
Audit Committee Charter that is reviewed and approved annually. As set forth in the Audit Committee Charter, management is responsible
for maintaining appropriate systems for accounting and internal controls, and each Fund’s independent accountants are responsible
for planning and carrying out proper audits and reviews. The independent accountants are ultimately accountable to the Board of Directors
and to the Audit Committee, as representatives of the stockholders. The independent accountants for each Fund reports directly to the
Audit Committee. For RSF, OPP, RMI, RMM and RFM, the Audit Committee met [three] times during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021.
For each Fund, the Nominating and Corporate Governance
Committee is comprised of Messrs. Carter, Hutchens, and Oakes. Mr. Carter is the Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for identifying and recommending to the Board of Directors individuals
believed to be qualified to become members of the Board of Directors in the event that a position is vacated or created. The Nominating
and Corporate Governance Committee will consider director candidates recommended by stockholders. In considering candidates submitted
by stockholders, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will take into consideration the needs of the Board of Directors, the
qualifications of the candidate and the interests of stockholders. Stockholders wishing to recommend candidates to the Nominating and
Corporate Governance Committee should submit such recommendations to the Secretary of each Fund, who will forward the recommendations
to the committee for consideration. The submission must include: (i) whether the shareholder proposing such nominee believes the
proposed nominee is, or is not, an “interested person”, (ii) the name and address, as they appear on the Fund’s books,
of the shareholder proposing such business or nomination, (iii) a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record of Shares
entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to present such nomination; (iv) whether the
shareholder plans to deliver or solicit proxies from other stockholders; (v) the class and number of Shares of the capital stock
of the Fund, which are beneficially owned by the shareholder and the proposed nominee to the Board; (vi) any material interest of the
shareholder or nominee in such business; (vii) the extent to which such shareholder (including such shareholder’s principals) or
the proposed nominee to the Board has entered into any hedging transaction or other arrangement with the effect or intent of mitigating
or otherwise managing profit, loss or risk of changes in the value of the Shares or the daily quoted market price of the Fund held by
such shareholder (including the shareholder’s principals) or the proposed nominee, including independently verifiable information
in support of the foregoing; (viii) any substantial interest, direct or indirect, of such shareholder or the proposed nominee in the Fund
other than interest arising from ownership of Common Shares; (ix) to the extent known by such shareholder, the name and address of any
other shareholder supporting the proposed nominee; (x) the nominee holder for, and number of, Common Shares owned beneficially but not
of record by such shareholder; (xi) the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such shareholder who is not an individual and a copy
of the prospectus, offering memorandum, or similar document, if any; and (xii) such other information regarding such nominee proposed
by such shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act.
Each eligible shareholder or shareholder group may submit no more than one Independent Director nominee each calendar year. The Nominating
and Corporate Governance Committee has not determined any minimum qualifications necessary to serve as a director of each Fund. The Nominating
and Corporate Governance Committee operates pursuant to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter that is reviewed and
approved annually. For RSF, OPP, RMI, RMM and RFM, the Nominating and Governance Committee met [one] time during the fiscal year ended
June 30, 2021.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, the
Board of RSF, RMI, RMM and RFM met [four] times, while the Board of OPP met [six] times. Each Director then serving in such capacity attended
at least 75% of the meetings of Directors and of any Committee of which he is a member.
The Funds do not require the Directors to attend annual
meetings of stockholders.
Director Qualifications.
Interested Directors
Mr. Patrick Galley is the Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Investment Officer for each Fund’s investment adviser. He is also the President and a portfolio manager of each Fund.
His knowledge regarding the investment strategy of each Fund, more specifically the closed-end mutual fund industry, makes him uniquely
qualified to serve as each Fund’s President.
Mr. Raio has many years of experience in the securities
industry, including management roles in the banking and investment management industries. He has more than 15 years of experience in equity
capital markets, having worked on the retail syndicate desks at both Citigroup and Morgan Stanley. Since 2018, he has served as President
and CEO of Arbor Lane Advisors, Inc. He served as the Managing Director and Head of Retail Origination for Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
from 2005 to 2018. Prior to working at Wells Fargo, he served as Director and Head of Closed-End Funds for Citigroup Asset Management.
He also serves on the Board of each of FLX Distribution; Qudos Technologies; and Quantify Crypto. He was selected to serve as a Director
of the Fund based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.
Independent Directors
Mr. John K. Carter possesses extensive mutual fund
industry experience. Mr. Carter served as a Business Unit Head at Transamerica Asset Management, a subsidiary of Aegon, N.V. Mr. Carter
oversaw the mutual fund servicing, operations and advisory services for Transamerica’s approximately 120 mutual funds. He also served
as a compliance officer. Mr. Carter brings experience managing a large mutual fund complex, including experience overseeing multiple sub-advisers.
Mr. Carter is currently an attorney in private practice and was previously an investment management attorney with experience as in-house
counsel, serving with the SEC and in private practice with a large law firm. The Board feels Mr. Carter’s industry-specific experience,
including as a chairman of another fund complex, as a compliance officer and as an experienced investment management attorney will be
valuable to the Board, particularly when dealing with legally complex issues.
Mr. John S. Oakes has many years of experience in
the securities industry. His background includes extensive management and leadership roles in both the brokerage and banking businesses.
Additionally, he had served on the Board of Directors of another registered investment company, including serving as its Chairman. The
Board feels Mr. Oakes’ industry and board experience adds an operational perspective to the Board and his experience in marketing
can assist the Fund in its efforts to expand into different distribution channels.
Mr. Hutchens was President and CEO of the University
of Colorado (CU) Foundation from April 2006 to December 2012 and Executive Director for the CU Real Estate Foundation from April 2009
to December 2012. Prior to these positions, Mr. Hutchens spent over 30 years in the banking industry, retiring as Chairman of Chase Bank
Colorado. Mr. Hutchens is a graduate of the University of Colorado Boulder’s School of Business and has done graduate study at Syracuse
University and the University of Colorado. He was selected to serve as a Director of the Fund based on his business and financial services
experience.
Mr. Swanson founded SwanDog Marketing, a marketing
consulting firm to asset managers, in 2006. He currently serves as SwanDog’s Managing Partner. He has over 30 years of senior management
and marketing experience, with approximately 20 years in financial services. Before joining SwanDog, Mr. Swanson most recently served
as Executive Vice President and Head of Distribution for Calamos Investments, an investment management firm. He previously held positions
as Chief Operating Officer of Van Kampen Investments, President of CEO of Scudder, Stevens & Clark, Canada, Ltd. And Managing Director
and Head of Global Investment Products at Morgan Stanley. Mr. Swanson holds a Master of Management from the Kellogg Graduate School of
Management at Northwestern University and a Bachelors in Journalism from Southern Illinois University. He was selected to serve as a Director
of the Fund based on his business, financial services and investment management experience.
Risk Oversight. Each Fund
is confronted with a multitude of risks, such as investment risk, counterparty risk, valuation risk, political risk, risk of operational
failures, business continuity risk, regulatory risk, legal risk and other risks not listed here. The Board of Directors recognizes that
not all risks that may affect each Fund can be known, eliminated or even mitigated. In addition, there are some risks that may not be
cost effective or an efficient use of each Fund’s limited resources to moderate. As a result of these realities, the Board of Directors,
through its oversight and leadership, has and will continue to deem it necessary for stockholders to bear certain and undeniable risks,
such as investment risk, in order for each Fund to operate in accordance with each Fund’s applicable Prospectus, Statement of Additional
Information (“SAI”) and other related documents.
However, the Board of Directors has adopted on each
Fund’s behalf a vigorous risk program that mandates each Fund’s various service providers, including the Adviser and Sub-adviser,
to adopt a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various risks, mitigate the likelihood of adverse events from occurring
and/or attempt to limit the effects of such adverse events on each Fund. The Board of Directors fulfills its leadership role by receiving
a variety of quarterly written reports prepared by each Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) that (i) evaluate the
operation, policies and procedures of each Fund’s service providers, (ii) make known any material changes to the policies and procedures
adopted by each Fund or its service providers since the CCO’s last report, and (iii) disclose any material compliance matters that
occurred since the date of the last CCO report. In addition, the Independent Directors meet quarterly in executive sessions without the
presence of any interested directors, the Adviser or Sub-adviser, or any of their affiliates. This configuration permits the Independent
Directors to effectively receive the information and have private discussions necessary to perform their risk oversight role, exercise
independent judgment and allocate areas of responsibility between the full Board of Directors, its committees and certain officers of
each Fund. Furthermore, the Independent Directors have engaged independent legal counsel and auditors to assist the Independent Directors
in performing their oversight responsibilities. As discussed above and in consideration of other factors not referenced herein, the Board
of Directors has determined its leadership role concerning risk management as one of oversight and not active management of each Fund’s
day-to-day risk management operations.
Compensation. The Funds pay
no salaries or compensation to their officers or to any interested Director affiliated with the Adviser, and each Fund has no employees.
In addition, with respect to RMM and RFM only, the Adviser (not the Fund) is responsible for paying the Director compensation out of its
unified management fee. For their services, the Directors of each Fund who are not affiliated with the Adviser receive an annual retainer
in the amount of $16,500, and an additional $1,500 for attending each quarterly meeting of the Board. In addition, the lead Independent
Director receives $250 annually, the Chair of the Audit Committee receives $500 annually and the Chair of the Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee receives $250 annually. The Directors not affiliated with the Adviser are also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket
expenses relating to attendance at meetings of the Board. The following tables show compensation with respect to the Funds and the Fund
Complex for the fiscal year ended [June 30, 2021]. Patrick W. Galley is an interested person of the Funds and employed by the Adviser
and does not receive any compensation from the Funds.
Name of Director
|
Aggregate
Compensation
from OPP
|
Aggregate
Compensation
from RSF
|
Aggregate
Compensation
from RMI
|
Aggregate
Compensation
from RMM(2)
|
Aggregate
Compensation
from RFM(2)
|
Aggregate Total
Compensation
from the
Funds and
Fund Complex(1)(3)
|
Independent Directors:
|
|
|
|
|
John K. Carter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John S. Oakes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wayne Hutchens
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
David M. Swanson
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interested Directors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jerry R. Raio
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
For Messrs. Carter, Oakes, and Swanson, the Fund Complex consists of the Funds (5 funds), RiverNorth Opportunities
Fund, Inc. (1 fund), RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc. (1 fund) and the RiverNorth Funds (3 funds). For Mr. Raio and
Mr. Hutchens, the Fund Complex consists of the Funds (5 funds), RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc. (1 fund) and RiverNorth Flexible Municipal
Income Fund II, Inc. (1 fund). This information is as of June 30, 2021.
|
|
(2)
|
With respect to RMM and RFM, the Adviser, not the Fund, paid all compensation to the Directors described
above out of its unified management fee.
|
|
(3)
|
The Adviser, not the Fund, paid all Director compensation out of its unified management fee related to
RMM, RFM, and RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, funds within the Fund Complex described in footnote 1.
|
Director Ownership in the Funds
The following table shows the dollar
range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Director in each Fund and Family of Investment Companies as of December 31,
2020.
|
Dollar Range of Beneficial Ownership
|
|
|
Name of Director
|
in OPP
|
in RSF
|
in RMI
|
in RMM
|
in RFM
|
Aggregate Dollar Range
of Ownership in all
Funds Overseen by
Director in the Family of
Investment Companies
|
|
Independent Directors:
|
|
|
|
John K. Carter
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$50,001 - $100,000
|
John S. Oakes
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
Over $100,000
|
J. Wayne Hutchens
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
Over $100,000
|
David M. Swanson
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
|
Interested Directors:
|
|
|
|
Patrick W. Galley
|
Over $100,000
|
Over $100,000
|
Over $100,000
|
Over $100,000
|
Over $100,000
|
Over $100,000
|
Jerry R. Raio
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
None
|
None
|
$10,001 - $50,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June [30], 2021, the Independent Directors
of each Fund and immediate family members do not own beneficially or of record any class of securities of the investment adviser or principal
underwriter of each Fund or any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with an investment
adviser or principal underwriter of each Fund.
Audit Committee Report
In performing its oversight function, during the 2021
fiscal year, the Audit Committee will review and discussed with management and the independent accountant (Cohen & Company, Ltd in
the case of OPP, RMI, RMM and RFM, and KPMG LLP in the case of RSF) for each Fund, the audited financial statements of each respective
Fund as of and for the fiscal period ended June 30, 2021, and will discuss the audit of such financial statements with each Fund’s
independent accountants.
In addition, the Audit Committee will discuss with
each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm the accounting principles applied by each Fund and such other matters
brought to the attention of the Audit Committee by the independent registered public accounting firm required by Auditing Standard 1301,
Communications with Audit Committees, as adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”). The Audit Committee
will also receive from each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm the written disclosures and letters required by
PCAOB Rule 3526, Communication with Audit Committees Concerning Independence, and discuss the relationship between the independent
registered public accounting firm and each Fund and the impact that any such relationships might have on the objectivity and independence
of the independent registered public accounting firm.
As set forth above, and as more fully set forth in
the Audit Committee Charter, the Audit Committee has significant duties and powers in its oversight role with respect to each Fund’s
financial reporting procedures, internal control systems and the independent audit process.
The members of the Audit Committee are not, and do
not represent themselves to be, professionally engaged in the practice of auditing or accounting and are not employed by each Fund for
accounting, financial management or internal control purposes. Moreover, the Audit Committee relies on and makes no independent verification
of the facts presented to it or representations made by management or the respective Fund’s independent registered public accounting
firm. Accordingly, the Audit Committee’s oversight does not provide an independent basis to determine that management has maintained
appropriate accounting and/or financial reporting principles and policies, or internal controls and procedures designed to assure compliance
with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations. Furthermore, the Audit Committee’s considerations and discussions
referred to above do not provide assurance that the audits of each Fund’s financial statements have been carried out in accordance
with generally accepted accounting standards or that the financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles.
The Audit Committee’s review and discussions
of the audited financial statements of the Funds for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 with management and each Fund’s independent
registered public accounting firm are set to occur prior to the issuance of each independent registered public accounting firm’s
opinion on the financial statements and also at the Funds’ next scheduled Audit Committee meeting on August 10-11, 2021. At this
meeting, the Audit Committee will be asked to ratify its recommendation to the Board with regards to the inclusion of the audited financial
statements of the Funds for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 in the Annual Reports of the Funds. For the fiscal year ended June 30,
2021, the Audit Committee will discuss with Cohen and KPMG the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the
PCAOB and will receive written affirmation of their independence pursuant to PCAOB Rule 3526.
Submitted by the Audit Committee of the
Board of Directors
J. Wayne Hutchens
John K. Carter
John S. Oakes
David M. Swanson
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms’
Fees
At the Funds’ next Audit Committee meeting on
August 10-11, 2021, Cohen & Company, Ltd. will be approved to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm for OPP,
RMI, RMM and RFM for its current fiscal year, and acted as the independent registered public accounting firm for each Fund during its
most recently completed fiscal year. KPMG LLP will be approved to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm for RSF for
its current fiscal year, and acted as the independent registered public accounting firm for such Fund during its most recently completed
fiscal year. Each independent registered public accounting firm has advised the applicable Fund that, to the best of its knowledge and
belief, its professionals did not have any direct or material indirect ownership interest in the independent registered public accounting
firm inconsistent with independent professional standards pertaining to independent registered public accounting firms. It is not expected
that representatives of each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm will be present at the Annual Meeting; however,
representatives of each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm are expected to be available by telephone to answer
any questions that may arise and will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so. In reliance on Rule 32a-4
under the 1940 Act, each Fund is not seeking stockholder ratification of the selection of their independent registered public accounting
firm.
Audit Fees, Audit-Related Fees, Tax Fees and All
Other Fees
The aggregate fees billed by the
applicable independent registered public accounting firm for the following services during each of the last two fiscal years for each
Fund are disclosed below:
|
Audit Fees*(1)
|
Audit-Related
Fees(2)
|
Tax Fees(3)
|
All Other
Fees(4)
|
Fees Billed To
|
2021
|
2020
|
2021
|
2020
|
2021
|
2020
|
2021
|
2020
|
OPP
|
$[ ]
|
$27,500
|
$[ ]
|
$3,143
|
$[ ]
|
$5,000
|
$[ ]
|
$0
|
RSF
|
$[ ]
|
$150,000
|
$[ ]
|
$0
|
$[ ]
|
$8,300
|
$[ ]
|
$0
|
RMI
|
$[ ]
|
$25,000
|
$[ ]
|
$1,043
|
$[ ]
|
$6,000
|
$[ ]
|
$0
|
RMM
|
$[ ]
|
$22,000
|
$[ ]
|
$8,000
|
$[ ]
|
$6,000
|
$[ ]
|
$0
|
RFM
|
$[ ]
|
$22,000
|
$[ ]
|
$8,000
|
$[ ]
|
$6,000
|
$[ ]
|
$0
|
|
*
|
Information related to fees for the 2021 fiscal year includes
amounts estimated to be billed for services rendered for the annual audit of the Fund's financial statements for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 2021.
|
|
(1)
|
“Audit Fees” are fees for professional services for the audit of each Fund’s annual
financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
|
|
(2)
|
“Audit-Related Fees” are for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to
the performance of the audit of each Fund’s financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.”
This includes assurance and diligence work related to offerings of preferred and common shares and reviews of semi-annual financial statements.
|
|
(3)
|
“Tax Fees” are for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.
|
|
(4)
|
“All Other Fees” are for products and services other than those services reported under “Audit
Fees,” “Audit-Related Fees” and “Tax Fees.”
|
Pre-Approval
Each Fund’s Audit Committee Charter requires
that the Audit Committee pre-approve all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the applicable independent registered public accounting
firm. [There were no non-audit fees billed by Cohen & Company, Ltd. or KPMG LLP for services rendered to the Adviser or any entity
controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser that provided ongoing services to the Funds in 2021 or 2020.]
VOTING
For each Fund, the affirmative vote of a plurality
of the votes cast at the Annual Meeting will be required to elect the specified nominees as Directors of that Fund provided a quorum is
present. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the approval of the proposal to elect Directors.
If the enclosed proxy card is properly executed and
returned in time to be voted at each Fund’s Annual Meeting, each Fund’s Shares represented thereby will be voted in accordance
with the instructions marked thereon or, if no instructions are marked thereon, will be voted in the discretion of the persons named on
the proxy card. Accordingly, unless instructions to the contrary are marked thereon, a properly executed and returned proxy will be
voted FOR the election of the nominees as Directors and, at the discretion of the named proxies, on any other matters that may properly
come before each Fund’s Annual Meeting, as deemed appropriate. Any stockholder who has given a proxy has the right to revoke
it at any time prior to its exercise either by attending the Annual Meeting and voting his or her Shares in person, or by timely submitting
a letter of revocation or a later-dated proxy to the applicable Fund at its address above. A list of stockholders entitled to notice of
and to be present and to vote at the Annual Meeting will be available at the office of each Fund, for inspection by any stockholder during
regular business hours prior to the Meeting. Stockholders will need to show valid identification and proof of Share ownership to be admitted
to the Annual Meeting or to inspect the list of stockholders.
Under the organizational documents of each Fund, a
quorum is constituted by the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of thirty-three and one-third percent (331/3%)
of the voting power of each outstanding class of Shares entitled to vote on a matter. For the purposes of establishing whether a quorum
is present, all Shares present and entitled to vote, including abstentions and broker non-votes (i.e., Shares held by brokers or
nominees that are present (in person or by proxy) as to which (i) instructions have not been received from the beneficial owners
or the persons entitled to vote and (ii) the broker or nominee does not have discretionary voting power on a particular matter), shall
be counted. Any meeting of stockholders may be postponed prior to the meeting by making a public announcement, and notice of the date,
time and place to which the meeting is postponed shall be provided to the stockholders entitled to vote at that meeting. The date to which
the meeting is postponed may not be more than 120 days following the record date of such meeting. Any meeting of stockholders may,
by action of the chairman of the meeting, be adjourned (sine die or from time to time) to a date not more than 120 days after the
original record date to permit further solicitation of proxies without further notice with respect to one
or more matters to be considered at such meeting to a designated time and place, if a quorum is not present with respect to such matter.
THE BOARD OF EACH FUND UNANIMOUSLY
RECOMMENDS THAT
STOCKHOLDERS VOTE FOR THE ELECTION OF EACH FUND’S NOMINEES.
PART 2
PROPOSAL 2
TO CONVERT
THE FUND FROM A CLOSED-END INVESTMENT COMPANY TO AN OPEN-END INVESTMENT COMPANY.
|
_
Background of the Proposal
The RiverNorth/DoubleLine Strategic Opportunity Fund,
Inc. (as used within this Part 2, the “Fund” or “OPP”) has operated as a closed-end management investment company
(a “closed-end fund”) since it commenced operations and listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) in September
2016. The Fund allocates its managed assets (as defined in the Fund’s offering documents) among (i) a tactical closed-end fund income
strategy, which seeks to generate returns through investments in closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds and business development companies
that invest primarily in income-producing securities, and derive value from the discount and premium spreads associated with closed-end
funds and (ii) an opportunistic income strategy, which seeks to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns through investments in fixed
income instruments and other investments, including agency and non-agency residential mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities,
corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and real estate investment trusts.
The Fund’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement
(the “Charter”) provide that, during the calendar year 2021, the Board of Directors of OPP (the “Board”) shall
call a meeting of the stockholders for the purpose of voting to determine whether the Fund should amend the Charter to convert to an open-end
investment company, even if the Board fails to recommend the proposal or declare the proposal advisable or recommends that the stockholders
reject it. Consequently, in accordance with its Charter, stockholders of the Fund will have an opportunity to vote at the Annual Meeting,
on the question of whether the Fund should be converted to an open-end fund and adopt an amendment and restatement of the Charter to effectuate
that conversion.
FOR THE
REASONS DISCUSSED BELOW, THE BOARD RECOMMENDS THAT stockholders VOTE AGAINST PROPOSAL 2
Board Considerations in Determining to Recommend
Stockholders Vote Against the Open-End Proposal
The Board believes that the Fund has been successful
in its current closed-end fund structure and that any benefits that stockholders might receive from changing the structure would be significantly
outweighed by the negatives of operating as and converting to an open-end fund. At a meeting of the Board held on May 12, 2021, the Board
considered, in consultation with the Adviser, the following factors, among others in recommending a vote against converting the Fund to
an open-end fund:
Stockholders consciously chose a closed-end investment
vehicle. The Board presumes that stockholders consciously chose to invest in the Fund from among a broad array of investment products
available in the marketplace, including many open-end funds investing in similar asset classes, with an understanding of the potential
advantages and disadvantages of the closed-end structure. Thus, in considering whether to recommend a fundamental change in the structure
of the Fund and its investment characteristics, the Board has considered whether the closed-end structure of the Fund continues to offer
the investment advantages contemplated when the Fund was originally offered to the marketplace. In light of the considerations that are
detailed below, the Board believes that the Fund remains a highly viable investment vehicle and does not believe it is appropriate to
disturb a fundamental investment choice made by stockholders.
Investment advantages associated with closed-end
structure. The Board believes that the Fund’s closed-end status provides inherent investment advantages not available to open-end
fund investors:
|
•
|
Lower transaction costs (relating to sales
and redemptions). As a closed-end fund, the Fund has a stable pool of capital, and does not experience the cash flows associated with
sales and redemptions of open-end fund shares. Such cash flows can create transaction costs that are borne by stockholders. These transaction
costs include the costs associated with buying securities following stockholder subscriptions into the fund and the costs associated with
selling securities to meet stockholder redemptions.
|
|
•
|
More assets at work; Fund can be more fully
invested. Because the Fund’s shares are not redeemable like an open-end fund’s shares, the Fund is not required to hold
cash and/or short-term, lower-yielding investments in anticipation of possible redemptions, and generally can be more fully invested in
securities that the adviser and sub-adviser believe are appropriate for the Fund. In addition, because the Fund is not engaged in a continuous
offering of shares like an open-end fund, it is not required to accept cash subscriptions that may require temporary investment in cash
and/or short-term, lower-yielding investments, pending investment in securities that the adviser and sub-adviser believe are appropriate
for the Fund.
|
|
•
|
Enhanced investment flexibility with respect
to “illiquid” securities. Because they are required to maintain the ability to honor redemption requests, open-end funds
are prohibited by the 1940 Act from investing more than 15% of their net assets in illiquid securities. Closed-end funds such as the Fund
are not subject to this restriction, although generally the Fund has not utilized this flexibility to a significant extent. Illiquid securities
may offer attractive investment returns to investors, such as closed-end funds, that are able to hold these securities long term.
|
|
•
|
Additional investment flexibility with respect
to leverage. A key advantage of the closed-end fund structure is its ability to use leverage for the benefit of stockholders, in pursuing
the Fund’s investment objective and in providing a monthly distribution to stockholders. The 1940 Act prohibits open-end funds from
issuing “senior securities” representing indebtedness (i.e., bonds, debentures, notes and other securities), other than indebtedness
to banks when there is an asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings. Closed-end funds, on the other hand, are permitted to issue
senior securities representing indebtedness to any lender if the 300% asset coverage is met. In addition, closed-end funds may issue preferred
stock, subject to asset coverage of at least 200%; whereas, open-end funds generally may not issue preferred stock. The ability to issue
senior securities provides a closed-end fund more flexibility than an open-end fund in “leveraging” their stockholders’
investments.
|
The Fund issued $60,000,000 in Series A
Cumulative Preferred Stock in October 2020, with a par value of $0.0001 per share and a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus
accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared). The Fund’s Board believes that the limitations imposed on open-end funds
with respect to senior securities and borrowings would impair the Fund’s operations, because, as an open-end fund, the Fund would
have to redeem all of its Preferred Stock and may not be able to replace the leverage currently employed, or if it could, the rates and
terms applicable to such leverage may be significantly worse than those currently available.
Moreover, the Fund would have to sell portfolio
securities to raise the cash necessary to redeem the Preferred Stock at or prior to a conversion. Such sale could occur under unfavorable
market conditions adversely affecting the net asset value per share of the Fund’s common shares. Moreover, if the Fund were to experience
substantial redemptions of its shares of common shares following the conversion, it would likely be required to sell portfolio securities
and incur increased transaction costs in order to raise cash to meet such redemptions.
Performance of the Fund. The following table
summarizes the annualized total return of the Fund for the periods shown based on the net asset value (“NAV”) and the market
price of its shares. The table also shows the performance of the Fund’s benchmark index. Of course, past performance is no guarantee
of future returns.
Total Return (Annualized) for Periods Ended March
31, 2021
RiverNorth/DoubleLine Strategic Opportunity Fund, Inc.
|
1 year
|
3 years
|
Since Inception
(9/27/16)
|
NAV
|
26.17%
|
4.64%
|
5.15%
|
Market Price
|
36.58%
|
7.77%
|
5.10%
|
The Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index
(external benchmark)
|
0.71%
|
4.65%
|
2.80%
|
Successful Management of the Fund’s Market
Price as Compared to NAV. Since closed-end funds are not required to redeem their common shares, investors in closed-end funds who
wish to liquidate their investment must sell their shares in the secondary markets. To promote the availability of active secondary markets
for stockholders who wish to sell their shares, the Fund has listed its common shares for trading on the NYSE. Prices in these secondary
markets are influenced by several factors, including investment returns at NAV, fund distributions, changes in supply and demand for the
fund’s shares, changing market conditions, and investor perceptions of the fund or its investment manager, and fluctuate over time.
Closed-end fund shares generally trade at a discount to their NAV but at times may trade at a premium.
As indicated in the table below, while the Fund’s
common shares have traded at a discount to their NAV over certain periods, the discount has fluctuated over time, and, recently, the shares
have traded at a premium. As of the close of business on June 11, 2021, the Fund’s common shares were trading at a premium greater
than 2% to its NAV. If the Fund remained at a premium, conversion to an open-end fund would cause stockholders immediate harm, as future
redemptions would be required to be made at NAV and the Fund’s trading premium would be eliminated. The Fund cannot predict whether
the common shares will trade in the future at a premium or discount to NAV in the future.
In order to show the range of discounts and premiums
at which the Fund’s shares have historically traded, the table below presents both the widest and narrowest discount (or premium)
to NAV at which the Fund’s shares closed on any trading day over the course of each of the five most recent calendar years. Thus,
the “Highest Market Price” column presents the lowest discount or, if the Fund traded above NAV during the year, the highest
premium achieved in a given year; conversely, the “Lowest Market Price” column presents the highest discount or, if the Fund
only traded above NAV during the year, the lowest premium. In addition, the “Average Discount/Premium” column presents the
average daily differential between market price and NAV over the course of the years presented in the table.
|
Highest Market Price
|
Lowest Market Price
|
Average
|
Year
|
(vs. NAV)
|
(vs. NAV)
|
Discount/Premium*
|
2021**
|
2.87%
|
-6.56%
|
-1.80%
|
2020
|
-2.14%
|
-22.84%
|
-5.89%
|
2019
|
0.00%
|
-9.37%
|
-4.63%
|
2018
|
-4.47%
|
-13.74%
|
-7.38%
|
2017
|
-2.25%
|
-8.58%
|
-5.16%
|
2016
|
2.63%
|
-7.24%
|
-0.50%
|
|
*
|
The Average Discount/Premium for each calendar year represents
the sum of all data points regarding daily discount/premium (determined on the basis of (market price - NAV)/NAV, with NAV and market
price determined at the close of each business day) in a calendar year, divided by the number of business days in that calendar year.
|
|
**
|
Through June 11, 2021.
|
The Board has over the years approved a broad range of actions in an effort
to reduce or eliminate trading discounts, including:
• A level distribution policy, under which the Fund intends to make
regular and predictable distribution at NAV.
Potential disadvantages to open-ending. In
their deliberations regarding this proposal, the Board also considered the potential disadvantages of converting the Fund to an open-end
structure, including the following:
|
•
|
Negative Impact on Portfolio Management. Open-end
funds may be subject to pressure to sell portfolio securities at disadvantageous times in order to satisfy redemption requests. In addition,
the ability of open-end funds to invest 100% of the fund’s assets in portfolio securities may be limited because of the need to
maintain cash reserves to provide for stockholder redemptions. The level of redemptions may be particularly high immediately following
a conversion to open-end status and therefore, initially, the Fund may be forced to sell significant portfolio securities to satisfy redemption
requests. Additionally, while the ability of open-end funds to sell shares at any time (resulting from their being priced at NAV per share)
may produce certain efficiencies, large net purchases could occur around market highs and net redemptions around market lows, which may
be inopportune times to invest or liquidate portfolio positions, respectively. In a falling market situation, for example, redemptions
generally increase and liquidations in an open-end fund’s portfolio must increase to meet those redemptions. In the event cash reserves,
temporary investments and borrowings are exhausted, the result may be that more securities in the fund’s portfolio will be sold,
leaving the fund with less-liquid securities in its portfolio which are not as well-suited to meeting future redemptions. Currently, as
a closed-end fund, the Fund is not required to liquidate portfolio holdings at inopportune times to meet redemption requests, and its
portfolio can be managed with a greater emphasis on long-term considerations.
|
The negative effects that the inability
to manage the timing of stockholder investments and redemptions would likely be magnified for the Fund. One of the Fund’s strategies
that it allocates to seeks to derive value from the discount and premium spreads associated with closed-end fund investments. The Adviser’s
research reveals that historically, closed-end fund discounts often are greater during market downturns and narrow in strong markets.
Thus, in a market downturn that sees closed-end discounts widen, an open-end fund may be required to sell investments at a loss to meet
increases in redemption requests, while a similar closed-end fund would be able to take advantage of investment opportunities given its
stable base of assets.
|
•
|
Mandatory Redemption of the Fund’s Series
A Cumulative Preferred Stock – As discussed above, the Fund issued $60,000,000 in Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock in October
2020, with a par value of $0.0001 per share and a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether
or not declared). As an open-end fund, the Fund would have to redeem all of its preferred stock and may not be able to replace the leverage
currently employed or if it could, the rates and terms applicable to such leverage may be significantly worse than those currently available.
Moreover, the Fund would have to sell portfolio securities to raise the cash necessary to redeem the preferred stock at or prior to a
conversion, potentially in an unfavorable market which could harm the NAV of the Fund’s common shares.
|
|
•
|
Effect of Redemptions. Closed-end funds
have typically experienced net redemptions immediately after conversion to open-end status and a significant decline in assets in the
first year following conversion. Consequently, the Board believes that any such substantial redemptions could significantly offset the
benefit that stockholders would receive from redeeming their shares at NAV. In order to meet the high redemptions that might be anticipated
immediately following a conversion, the Fund could be required to sell significant amounts of portfolio securities within a relatively
short period of time, leading to an adverse impact on the market price of the Fund’s portfolio securities and a corresponding decrease
to the Fund’s NAV. Further, the Board and the Adviser expect the negative market impact to be greater to the extent that the Fund
must sell significant amounts of these holdings to meet redemptions.
|
|
•
|
Increased Expenses. Substantial redemptions
could also result in an increase in the Fund’s operating expenses, and therefore the Fund’s expense ratio. In particular,
a reduction in size of the Fund would result in the fixed expenses of the Fund being spread over a smaller asset base, thereby increasing
the per-share effect of those expenses. Significant redemptions could also increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate above its
normal levels, thereby increasing Fund expenses. If the Fund decreased in size, the expense ratio may increase because certain expenses
may remain the same or increase. For example, certain expenses, such as accounting and transfer agency expenses, are generally higher
for an open-end fund than for a closed-end fund. While the Board considered that it was possible that the newly open-end fund could experience
an increase in assets over time, since open-end funds may continuously offer new shares to the public, the Fund had shown the ability
to raise assets at opportune times through offerings and any asset growth prospects for such a new open-end fund were highly speculative.
|
|
•
|
Potential Distribution and Shareholder Service
Costs. If the Fund converts to open-end status, it will need to have an effective distribution system to help mitigate the erosion
of its asset base through redemptions. The distribution and marketing of open-end funds involve additional costs. These costs may be paid
either by new investors (in the case of a front-end sales charge) or by current stockholders (in the case of a plan of distribution adopted
under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (a “12b-1 Plan”). If the Proposal is approved by stockholders, the Adviser may propose
that the Board approve the implementation of a 12b-1 Plan providing for distribution-related payments by the Fund at varying annual rates
(to the extent the Fund’s common shares are divided into multiple classes following conversion to an open-end fund).
|
If the Fund converts to open-end status,
the Adviser may also propose that the Board approve a shareholder services plan (“Shareholder Services Plan”), pursuant to
which the Fund would pay a fee at varying annual rates (to the extent the Fund’s Common Shares are divided into multiple classes
following conversion to an open-end fund) to help compensate financial institutions for providing customer service and account maintenance.
Such services are intended to compensate financial intermediaries for services provided to stockholders, and generally help open-end funds
to retain assets.
|
•
|
Reinvestment of Dividends and Distributions.
Like the plans of many other closed-end funds, the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”) permits stockholders
to reinvest their dividends and distributions on a different basis than would be the case if the Fund converted to an open-end investment
company. For example, if the Fund is trading at a discount, the Plan permits a reinvesting stockholder to benefit by purchasing additional
shares at that market discount and this buying activity may tend to lessen any discount. The positive result of reinvesting at a price
below NAV per share can be significant, particularly given the compounding effect over time. Conversely, when the Fund is at a premium,
stockholders are able to reinvest at NAV, providing them with an immediately gain of the difference between NAV and the higher market
price.
|
Providing differing methods of reinvestment
of distributions are an advantage that is not offered by open-end investment companies, which reinvest dividends or distributions at NAV
per share. Consequently, participants in the Plan would lose the compounding benefit of reinvesting their distributions at a price below
NAV per share when Fund shares are trading at a discount or, when the Fund is at a premium, at a price below the then market price per
share. In either situation, stockholders lose the opportunity to realize the possible gains from such transaction.
|
•
|
Significant Conversion Costs. The process
of converting the Fund to an open-end fund would involve additional printing, securities registration, legal, other professional costs
and other expenses of establishing a new structure. These costs, many of which would be non-recurring, include costs associated with the
preparation of an open-end fund registration statement and prospectus as required by federal securities laws and the payment of fees in
connection with notice filings under state securities laws.
|
|
•
|
De-listing from NYSE. The Fund’s
shares are currently listed on the NYSE. A listing on a U.S. stock exchange, and in particular the NYSE, may be beneficial, especially
in terms of attracting non-U.S. investors. Due to their redemption features, open-end funds are not traded on exchanges. Conversion to
an open-end fund would require immediate de-listing of the Fund from the NYSE, and thus any advantage related to being listed on the NYSE
would be lost. In addition, because of its NYSE listing, the Fund is currently exempt from state securities regulation. Upon de-listing,
the Fund would be required to make state notice filings and pay state fees.
|
Potential advantages to open-ending. In their
deliberations regarding this proposal, the Board also considered the potential advantages of converting the Fund to an open-end structure,
including the following:
|
•
|
Redeemability of Shares. Stockholders
of an open-end fund have the right to redeem their shares at any time (except in certain circumstances as authorized by the 1940 Act)
at the NAV per share of such shares (less any applicable redemption or contingent deferred sales charges). The ability to obtain NAV per
share for their shares could constitute a potential immediate benefit to stockholders of the Fund, but only to the extent that shares
are trading at a discount to NAV. As noted above, however, the Fund has recently traded at a premium to its NAV. Further, the Board and
the Adviser believe that the effect of portfolio selling to meet significant post-conversion redemptions of both the Fund’s common
and preferred shares on the Fund’s NAV may significantly outweigh any potential benefit.
|
In addition, while stockholders in a closed-end
fund generally pay a brokerage commission when they buy or sell the closed-end fund shares on a stock exchange, stockholders in open-end
funds may or may not incur a brokerage commission when they purchase or redeem their shares (depending on the broker used and the open-end
fund invested in), although redemption fees and/or contingent deferred sales charges may apply.
|
•
|
Shareholder Services. Open-end funds typically
provide more services to stockholders than closed-end funds. One service that is frequently offered by open-end funds is an exchange privilege
which enables stockholders to transfer their investment from one fund into another fund which is part of a family of open-end funds, at
little or no cost to stockholders. This permits the exchange of shares at relative NAV per share when the holder’s investment objectives
change. Other services that could be offered include use of the Fund by retirement plans and permitting purchases and sales of shares
in convenient amounts. There are, of course, additional costs for these services, some of which may be borne by the Fund, which must be
weighed against the anticipated benefit of the particular service. There can be no assurance that any such services would be made available
to Fund stockholders if Proposal 2 were approved.
|
|
•
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Modest Cost Savings Related to the Elimination
of Required Annual Stockholder Meetings. As a closed-end fund listed on the NYSE, the Fund is subject to NYSE rules requiring annual
meetings of stockholders. Unlike the Fund, open-end funds are not required to hold annual stockholder meetings, except in special circumstances
where shareholder approval is required under the 1940 Act. This would result in modest cost savings to the Fund; however, the Board believes
such savings would not outweigh the benefits that annual meetings provide, allowing stockholders to have their voice heard on important
Fund matters.
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After considering the above, the Board believes
that the continued operation of the Fund as a closed-end fund is in the best long-term interests of its stockholders, and unanimously
recommends a vote “AGAINST” the conversion of the Fund to open-end status.
Additional Information
Voting Requirement for Approving the Conversion
Approval of the conversion of the Fund to open-end
status and of the related amendments to the Fund’s Charter requires the “yes” vote of a majority of the Fund’s
outstanding shares. Abstentions and broker non-votes have the effect of votes against Proposal 2.
If approved, the conversion would become effective
following compliance with all necessary regulatory requirements under federal and state law. The Fund would seek to complete this process
within 12 months of such approval. Until the conversion, the Fund’s shares would continue to be listed and traded on the NYSE. In
the event that stockholders do not approve the conversion of the Fund to open-end status, the Fund would continue to operate as a closed-end
fund and have no further obligation under the Charter, to submit to stockholders a proposal to convert the Fund to an open-end fund.
For the
reasons set forth above, the board of directors unanimously recommends that you vote AGainst THE PROPOSAL TO CONVERT OPP FROM A
CLOSED-END INVESTMENT COMPANY TO AN OPEN-END INVESTMENT COMPANY.
PART 3
INFORMATION ABOUT OWNERSHIP OF SHARES OF THE FUNDS
Outstanding Shares
On the Record Date, each Fund had the following number of Common Shares
and Preferred Shares outstanding:
Fund
|
Common Shares
Outstanding
|
Preferred
Shares
Outstanding
|
OPP
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
RSF
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
RMI
|
[ ]
|
N/A
|
RMM
|
[ ]
|
N/A
|
RFM
|
[ ]
|
N/A
|
[To the knowledge of each Board, as of the Record
Date, no single stockholder or “group” (as that term is used in Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (the “1934 Act”)) beneficially owned more than 5% of any class of each Fund’s outstanding Shares, except
as described in the following table. A control person is one who owns, either directly or indirectly, more than 25% of the voting securities
of a Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. A party that controls a Fund may be able to significantly affect the outcome of any
item presented to stockholders for approval. Information as to beneficial ownership of Shares, including percentage of outstanding
Shares of a class beneficially owned, is based on securities position listing reports as of the Record Date and reports filed with the
SEC by stockholders. Each Fund does not have any knowledge of the identity of the ultimate beneficiaries of the Shares listed below.]
Name And Address Of Beneficial Owner
|
Shares Of A Class
Beneficially Owned
|
% Outstanding Shares
Of A Class
Beneficially Owned
|
Type of Ownership
|
OPP
|
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]*
|
RSF
|
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]*
|
RMM
|
|
|
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]*
|
RMI
|
|
|
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]*
|
RFM
|
|
|
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]
|
[ ]*
|
|
*
|
Information regarding this beneficial owner is derived from the most recent Schedule 13G filings made such owner as of the Record
Date.
|
PART 4
OTHER INFORMATION ON THE FUNDS, VOTING, AND THE MEETING
Who is Eligible To Vote
Stockholders of record at the close of business on
June [30], 2021 of each Fund are able to vote on Proposal 1. For RSF and OPP only, Class I Director, John K. Carter, is to be elected by
record holders of both common shares and preferred shares, voting together as a single class. However, Class I Director, John S. Oakes,
is to be elected by holders of RSF’s and OPP’s preferred shares only.
Common and preferred stockholders of OPP of record
on June [30], 2021 of the Fund are able to vote on Proposal 2.
Shares represented by properly executed proxies, unless
revoked before or at the Meeting, will be voted according to the stockholder’s instructions. If you sign a proxy, but do not fill
in a vote, your shares will be voted to approve the proposal. If any other business comes before the Meeting, your shares will be voted
at the discretion of the persons named as proxies.
Organization and Operation of the Funds
Each Fund is a diversified, closed-end management
investment company registered under the 1940 Act. Each Fund’s principal office is located at 325 North LaSalle Street, Suite 645,
Chicago, Illinois 60654, and its telephone number is (312) 832-1440.
OPP was organized as a Maryland corporation on June
22, 2016. Common Shares of OPP are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “OPP.” The Preferred Shares of OPP are listed on the
NYSE under the ticker symbol “OPPPA.”
RSF was organized as a Maryland corporation on June
9, 2015. Common Shares of RSF are listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “RSF.” The Preferred Shares of RSF are listed
on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “RMPL.”
RMI was organized as a Maryland corporation on July
16, 2018 and commenced operations on October 25, 2018. Common Shares of RMI are listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “RMI.”
RMM was organized as a Maryland corporation on March
18, 2019 and commenced operations on July 25, 2019. Common Shares of RMM are listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “RMM.”
RFM was organized as a Maryland corporation on October
1, 2019 and commenced operations on March 26, 2020. Common Shares of RFM are listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “RFM.”
Stockholder Proposals
Pursuant to each Fund’s By-Laws and in the event
that the date of the Annual Meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the preceding year’s meeting, a stockholder
is required to give to each Fund notice of, and specified information with respect to, any proposals that such stockholder intends to
present at the 2022 annual meeting no earlier than [ ], 2022 or approximately 150 days prior to the date of such annual meeting, and no
later than [ ], 2022, or 120 days prior to the date of such annual meeting, as originally convened, or the tenth day following [the day
on which public announcement of such meeting is first made]. Under the circumstances described in, and upon compliance with, Rule 14a-4(c)
under the 1934 Act, each Fund may solicit proxies in connection with the 2022 annual meeting which confers discretionary authority to
vote on any stockholder proposals of which the Secretary of the Fund does not receive notice in accordance with the aforementioned date.
Timely submission of a proposal does not mean that
such proposal will be included in a proxy statement.
Section 30(h) and Section 16(a) Beneficial
Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 30(h) of the 1940 Act and Section 16(a)
of the 1934 Act require each Fund’s officers and Directors, the Adviser and any sub-adviser, certain persons affiliated with the
Adviser and any sub-adviser, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of each Fund’s equity securities
to file forms reporting their affiliation with that Fund and reports of ownership and changes of ownership with the SEC and NYSE, as applicable.
These persons and entities are required to furnish the applicable Fund with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely
upon a review of copies of such forms received by each Fund and certain written representations, each Fund believes that during its last
fiscal year, all such filing requirements applicable to its officers and Directors, the Adviser and any sub-adviser, and affiliated persons
of the Adviser and any sub-adviser were met, [except ]. [To the knowledge of each Fund, no stockholder of a Fund has filed under Section
16(a) as an owner of more than 10% of a registered class of a Fund’s equity securities.]
Method of Solicitation and Expenses
In addition to the solicitation of proxies by mail,
for each Fund, officers of such Funds and officers and regular employees of each Fund’s transfer agent, and affiliates of such transfer
agent, the Adviser (or, for OPP, RMI, RMM and RFM, the Fund’s respective sub-adviser), as well as other representatives of each
Fund may also solicit proxies by telephone, Internet or in person. The expenses incurred in connection with preparing the Joint Proxy
Statement and its enclosures will be paid by each Fund.
Stockholder Communications
Stockholders may mail written communications to each
Fund’s Board, to committees of the Board or to specified individual Directors in care of the Secretary at 325 North LaSalle Street,
Suite 645, Chicago, Illinois 60654. All stockholder communications received by the Secretary will be forwarded promptly to the Board,
the relevant Board’s committee or the specified individual Directors, as applicable, except that the Secretary may, in good faith,
determine that a stockholder communication should not be so forwarded if it does not reasonably relate to each Fund or its operations,
management, activities, policies, service providers, Board, officers, stockholders or other matters relating to an investment in each
Fund or is purely ministerial in nature.
Appraisal Rights
No stockholders will be entitled under Maryland Law
or any successor statute to demand payment for, or an appraisal of, their shares unless the Board of Directors, upon the affirmative vote
of a majority of the entire Board of Directors, shall determine that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of
stock, or any proportion of the shares thereof, to a particular transaction or all transactions occurring after the date of such determination
in connection with which holders of such shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.
Other Matters to Come Before the Meeting
No business other than the matters described
above is expected to come before the Meeting, but should any other matter requiring a vote of stockholders arise, including any question
as to an adjournment or postponement of the Meeting, the persons named on the enclosed proxy card will vote thereon according to their
best judgment in the interests of the respective Fund.
Delivery of Certain Documents
Annual reports will be sent to stockholders of record
of each Fund following each Fund’s fiscal year end. Each Fund will furnish, without charge, a copy of its annual report and/or semi-annual
report as available upon request. Such written or oral requests should be directed to the Funds at 325 North LaSalle Street, Suite 645,
Chicago, Illinois 60654, or by calling toll-free at (844) 569-4750.
Please note that only one annual or semi-annual report
or proxy statement (as applicable) may be delivered to two or more stockholders of a Fund who share an address, unless the Fund has received
instructions to the contrary. To request a separate copy of an annual or semi-annual report or proxy statement
(as applicable), or for instructions as to how to request a separate copy of such documents or as to how to request a single copy if multiple
copies of such documents are received, stockholders should contact the applicable Fund at the address and phone number set forth above.
Pursuant to a request, a separate copy will be delivered promptly.
Other Service Providers
RiverNorth Capital Management, LLC, 444 W Lake Street,
Suite 1700, Chicago, Illinois 60606, serves as each Fund’s investment adviser. DoubleLine Capital LP, 333 South Grand Avenue, 18th
Floor, Los Angeles, California 90071, serves as the investment sub-adviser to OPP. MacKay Shields LLC, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 43rd
Floor, New York, New York 10105, serves as the investment sub-adviser to RMI, RMM and RFM.
ALPS Fund Services, Inc. serves as each Fund’s
administrator. DST Systems, Inc., 333 W. 11th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64105, serves as transfer, dividend paying and stockholder
servicing agent for the Funds.
Fiscal Year
Each Fund’s fiscal year ends on June 30.
YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT! PLEASE
VOTE BY ANY OF THE FOLLOWING METHODS:
|
(1)
|
DATE AND SIGN THE ENCLOSED PROXY AND RETURN IT PROMPTLY IN THE ENCLOSED REPLY ENVELOPE;
|
|
(2)
|
VISIT THE WEBSITE LISTED ON YOUR PROXY CARD; OR
|
|
(3)
|
CALL THE NUMBER LISTED ON YOUR PROXY CARD.
|
IF VOTING BY PAPER, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE PROXY BE RETURNED PROMPTLY.
YOU MAY ALSO VOTE BY ATTENDING THE MEETING TELEPHONICALLY.
Intentionally Left Blank
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