Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)





☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024




☐	TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from to

Commission File No. 001-32919

Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)




Delaware		20-3672603
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

12300 Grant Street, Thornton, CO		80241
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number including area code: 720-872-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of exchange on which registered
Common	ASTI	Nasdaq Capital Markets

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 14, 2024, there were 1,324,804 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding.

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Period Ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	1
	Unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets - as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	1
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income - For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	2
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	3
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Cash Flow - For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	5
	Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	24
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	24
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		26
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	26
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	26
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	26
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	27
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27
Item 5.	Other Information	27
Item 6.	Exhibits	28
SIGNATURES		33

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future net sales or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs, plans or intentions relating to acquisitions, business trends and other information that is not historical information and, in particular, appear under headings including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Overview.” When used in this Quarterly Report, the words “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “forecasts,” “foresees,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “goal,” “target,” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon information available to us on the date of this Quarterly Report.

These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements, including, among other things, the matters discussed in this Quarterly Report in the sections captioned “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Factors you should consider that could cause these differences are:

•

Our operating history and lack of profitability;

•

Our ability to develop demand for, and sales of, our products;

•

Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel to implement our business plan and corporate growth strategies;

•

Our ability to develop sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

•

Our ability to successfully develop and maintain strategic relationships with key partners;

•

The accuracy of our estimates and projections;

•

Our ability to secure additional financing to fund our short-term and long-term financial needs;

•

Our ability to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

•

The commencement, or outcome, of legal proceedings against us, or by us, including ongoing litigation proceedings;

•

Changes in our business plan or corporate strategies;

•

The extent to which we are able to manage the growth of our operations effectively, both domestically and abroad, whether directly owned or indirectly through licenses;

•

The supply, availability and price of equipment, components and raw materials, including the elements needed to produce our photovoltaic modules;

•

Our ability to expand and protect the intellectual property portfolio that relates to our photovoltaic modules and processes;

•

Our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

•

Our ability to achieve projected operational performance and cost metrics;

•

General economic and business conditions, and in particular, conditions specific to the solar power industry; and

•

Other risks and uncertainties discussed in greater detail elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023

There may be other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results referred to in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances after the date made, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Ascent,” “Ascent Solar” or the “Company” in this Quarterly Report mean Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Financial Statements

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)


	September 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,721,546		$	1,048,733
Trade receivables, net of allowance of $0 and $0, respectively		4,275			-
Inventories, net		457,896			447,496
Prepaid and other current assets		132,319			39,279
Total current assets		4,316,036			1,535,508

Property, Plant and Equipment:		19,679,918			21,177,892
Accumulated depreciation		(19,429,536	)		(20,131,008	)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net		250,382			1,046,884

Other Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		2,007,001			2,364,672
Patents, net of accumulated amortization of $179,603 and $173,387 respectively		47,762			53,978
Equity method investment		66,411			68,867
Other non-current assets		1,228,399			1,228,797
		3,349,573			3,716,314
Total Assets	$	7,915,991		$	6,298,706
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	449,841		$	579,237
Related party payables		11,539			4,231
Accrued expenses		459,905			1,354,159
Accrued payroll		396,029			160,477
Accrued professional services fees		207,704			849,282
Accrued interest		556,932			628,145
Current portion of operating lease liability		555,495			491,440
Conversions payable (Note 12)		-			1,089,160
Current portion of convertible notes, net		-			354,936
Bridge loan		315,744			-
Other payable		-			250,000
Total current liabilities		2,953,189			5,761,067
Long-Term Liabilities:
Non-current operating lease liabilities		1,615,945			2,043,025
Accrued warranty liability		21,225			21,225
Total liabilities		4,590,359			7,825,317
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Series A preferred stock, $.0001 par value; 750,000 shares authorized; 48,100 and 48,100 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($935,678 and $899,069 Liquidation Preference, respectively)		5			5
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 authorized; 1,275,429 and 238,996 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		128			24
Additional paid in capital		493,468,895			480,942,860
Accumulated deficit		(490,152,872	)		(482,478,436	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		9,476			8,936
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		3,325,632			(1,526,611	)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	$	7,915,991		$	6,298,706

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues
Products	$	8,550		$	209,496		$	41,893		$	395,106
Milestone and engineering		-			20,458			-			60,374
Total Revenues		8,550			229,954			41,893			455,480
Costs and Expenses
Costs of revenue		76,796			692,752			147,708			1,820,816
Research, development and manufacturing operations		603,534			344,942			1,716,766			2,832,956
Selling, general and administrative		1,216,976			1,407,493			3,888,455			4,178,146
Share-based compensation		354,410			139,067			799,345			2,104,378
Depreciation and amortization		17,730			23,723			57,139			73,947
Impairment loss		-			-			524,481			-
Total Costs and Expenses		2,269,446			2,607,977			7,133,894			11,010,243
Loss from Operations		(2,260,896	)		(2,378,023	)		(7,092,001	)		(10,554,763	)
Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense), net		742,162			756,859			768,496			766,859
Warrant settlement (Note 15)		-			-			(743,462	)		-
Interest expense		(170,838	)		(288,109	)		(604,473	)		(2,118,023	)
Total Other Income/(Expense)		571,324			468,750			(579,439	)		(1,351,164	)
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments		(1,295	)		-			(2,996	)		(170	)
Net Income/(Loss)	$	(1,690,867	)	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(7,674,436	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Net Income/(Loss) Per Share (Basic and Diluted)	$	(1.37	)	$	(404.00	)	$	(10.46	)	$	(6,640.00	)
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Basic)		1,232,242			4,732			733,855			3,548
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Diluted)		1,232,242			4,732			733,855			3,548
Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Foreign currency translation gain/(loss)		2,774			19,940			540			21,810
Net Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	$	(1,688,093	)	$	(1,889,333	)	$	(7,673,896	)	$	(11,884,287	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(unaudited)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024


	Series A Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Other Accumulated Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Income (Loss)			(Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2024		48,100	$	5		238,996	$	24	$	480,942,860		$	(482,478,436	)	$	8,936		$	(1,526,611	)
Conversion of L1 Note into Common Stock		-		-		24,118		3		1,256,689			-			-			1,256,692
Sale of common stock		-		-		151,795		15		4,455,225			-			-			4,455,240
Exercise of prefunded warrants		-		-		218,775		22		(22	)		-			-			-
Proceeds from sale on ATM facility, net of expenses of $617,694		-		-		553,427		55		8,341,165			-			-			8,341,220
Common stock issued to settle liabilities		-		-		3,500		-		38,500			-			-			38,500
Warrant repurchase		-		-		-		-		(3,600,000	)		-			-			(3,600,000	)
Warrant settlement		-		-		-		-		743,459			-			-			743,459
Share-based compensation		-		-		800		-		429,983			-			-			429,983
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			(5,983,569	)		-			(5,983,569	)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		-		-		-		-		-			-			(2,234	)		(2,234	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		48,100	$	5		1,191,411	$	119	$	492,607,859		$	(488,462,005	)	$	6,702		$	4,152,680
Share-based compensation		-		-		15		-		354,395			-			-			354,395
Proceeds from sale on ATM facility, net of expenses of $36,194		-		-		84,003		9		506,641			-			-			506,650
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			(1,690,867	)		-			(1,690,867	)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		-		-		-		-		-			-			2,774			2,774
Balance at September 30, 2024		48,100	$	5		1,275,429	$	128	$	493,468,895		$	(490,152,872	)	$	9,476		$	3,325,632

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(unaudited)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023


	Series A Preferred Stock				Series 1B Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Other Accumulated Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Income (Loss)			(Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2023		48,100	$	5		-	$	-		205,746	$	21	$	448,343,158		$	(447,427,862	)	$	(16,024	)	$	899,298
Conversion of L1 Note into Common Stock		-		-		-		-		452		-		1,240,818			-			-			1,240,818
Conversion of Sabby Note into Common Stock		-		-		-		-		631		-		2,123,649			-			-			2,123,649
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		-		-		1,965,311			-			-			1,965,311
Proceeds from issuance of Series 1B Preferred Stock		-		-		900		-		-		-		900,000			-			-			900,000
Preferred Stock issuance cost														(20,000	)								(20,000	)
Common stock issued for services		-		-		-		-		15		-		92,750			-			-			92,750
Down round deemed dividend		-		-		-		-		-		-		11,653,986			(11,653,986	)		-			-
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			(9,996,824	)		-			(9,996,824	)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			-			1,870			1,870
Balance at June 30, 2023		48,100	$	5		900	$	-		206,844	$	21	$	466,299,672		$	(469,078,672	)	$	(14,154	)	$	(2,793,128	)
Conversion of L1 Note into Common Stock		-		-		-		-		1,063		-		(603,657	)		-			-			(603,657	)
Conversion of Sabby Note into Common Stock		-		-		-		-		741		-		151,949			-			-			151,949
Prepayment of Common Stock Purchase		-		-		-		-		-		-		2,088,290			-			-			2,088,290
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		-		-		139,067			-			-			139,067
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			(1,909,273	)		-			(1,909,273	)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			-			19,940			19,940
Balance at September 30, 2023		48,100	$	5		900	$	-		208,648	$	21	$	468,075,321		$	(470,987,945	)	$	5,786		$	(2,906,812	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2024			2023
Operating Activities:
Net income/(loss)	$	(7,674,436	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		57,139			73,947
Share-based compensation		799,327			2,104,378
Stock issued for warrant settlement		743,459			—
Stock issued for services		38,500			92,750
Gain on lease modification		—			(84,678	)
Loss on disposal of assets		—			77,210
Operating lease asset amortization		357,671			555,240
Amortization of debt discount		86,057			1,773,621
Loss on equity method investment		2,996			170
Inventory reserve expense		(35,173	)		111,028
Impairment loss		524,481			—
Gain on settlement of liabilities, net		(165,548	)		—
Gain on Swiss liabilities (Note 6)		(541,021	)		—
Other		(14,949	)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(4,275	)		1,769
Inventories		24,773			(131,764	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(92,642	)		(27,139	)
Accounts payable		(129,396	)		705,657
Related party payable		7,308			(39,279	)
Operating lease liabilities		(363,025	)		(541,519	)
Accrued interest		19,335			109,435
Accrued expenses		(537,740	)		(204,127	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(6,897,159	)		(7,329,398	)
Investing Activities:
Payments on purchase of assets		(421	)		(3,844,644	)
Patent activity costs		—			(19,319	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(421	)		(3,863,963	)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Series 1B Preferred Stock		—			880,000
Proceeds from bridge loans		1,153,750			—
Repayment of bridge loans		(904,803	)		—
Prepayment of equity offering		—			2,088,290
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock		13,303,110			—
Warrant repurchase		(3,600,000	)		—
Payment of convertible notes, cash payable, and other payable		(381,664	)		(1,025,423	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		9,570,393			1,942,867
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash		—			17,240
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		2,672,813			(9,233,254	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,048,733			11,483,018
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	3,721,546		$	2,249,764
Non-Cash Transactions:
Return of equipment purchased on credit	$	—		$	(202,556	)
Exercise of prefunded warrants	$	22		$	-
Non-cash conversions of convertible notes to equity	$	1,256,692		$	2,912,759
Down round deemed dividend	$	—		$	11,653,986
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	398,000		$	233,436

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION

Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company") is focusing on integrating its photovoltaic ("PV") products into scalable and high value markets such as terrestrial and space power beaming, aerospace, satellites, near earth orbiting vehicles, fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (“UAV”), and agrivoltaics. The value proposition of Ascent’s proprietary solar technology not only aligns with the needs of customers in these industries, but also overcomes many of the obstacles other solar technologies face in these unique markets. Ascent has the capability to design and develop finished products for end users in these areas as well as collaborate with strategic partners to design and develop custom integrated solutions for products like fixed-wing UAVs. Ascent sees significant overlap of the needs of end users across some of these industries and can achieve economies of scale in sourcing, development, and production in commercializing products for these customers.

On August 14, 2024, the Company effected a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of one-for-one hundred (the “Reverse Stock Split”). The Company’s common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on August 15, 2024. Stockholders also received one whole share of common stock in lieu of a fractional share and no fractional shares were issued. All shares and per share amounts in the unaudited condensed financial statements and accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split.

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying, unaudited, condensed financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of the Company as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023.

The accompanying, unaudited, condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes typically found in U.S. GAAP audited annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement have been included. The Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023, has been derived from the audited financial statements as of that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. These condensed financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

NOTE 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s significant accounting policies were described in Note 2 to the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no significant changes to our accounting policies as of September 30, 2024.

Revenue Recognition:

Product revenue. The Company recognizes revenue for the sale of PV modules and other equipment sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. For module and other equipment sales contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognizes the related revenue as control of each individual product is transferred to the customer.

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During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized product revenue of $8,550 and $209,496, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized product revenue of $41,893 and $395,106, respectively.

Milestone and engineering revenue. Each milestone and engineering arrangement is a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is estimated using the most likely amount method and revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied through achieving manufacturing, cost, or engineering targets. During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized total milestone and engineering revenue of $0 and $20,458, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized total milestone and engineering revenue of $0 and $60,374, respectively.

Government contracts revenue. Revenue from government research and development contracts is generated under terms that are cost plus fee or firm fixed price. The Company generally recognizes this revenue over time using cost-based input methods, which recognizes revenue and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs of the contract. In applying cost-based input methods of revenue recognition, the Company uses the actual costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs to determine our progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize.

Cost based input methods of revenue recognition are considered a faithful depiction of the Company’s efforts to satisfy long-term government research and development contracts and therefore reflect the performance obligations under such contracts. Costs incurred that do not contribute to satisfying the Company’s performance obligations are excluded from the input methods of revenue recognition as the amounts are not reflective of transferring control under the contract. Costs incurred towards contract completion may include direct costs plus allowable indirect costs and an allocable portion of the fixed fee. If actual and estimated costs to complete a contract indicate a loss, provision is made currently for the loss anticipated on the contract.

No government contract revenue was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Accounts Receivable. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had an accounts receivable, net balance of $4,275 and $0, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0 and $0, respectively.

Deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:


Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	935
Additions		7,700
Recognized as revenue		(7,700	)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	935

Other Assets: Other assets is comprised of the following:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lease security deposit	$	625,000	$	625,000
Spare machine parts		603,399		603,797
Total Other Assets	$	1,228,399	$	1,228,797

Other Income/(Expense), net: Other income/(expense), net is comprised as follows:

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	Three months ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Gain on settlement of liabilities	$	165,548	$	-
Swiss liabilities (Note 6)		541,021			-
Interest income		35,593			-
Employee retention credit		-			769,983
Other		-			(13,124	)
Total Other Income/(Expense), net	$	742,162	$		756,859

	Nine months ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Gain on settlement of liabilities	$	165,548	$		-
Swiss liabilities (Note 6)		541,021			-
Interest income		35,593			-
Employee retention credit		-			769,983
Other		26,334			(3,124	)
Total Other Income/(Expense), net	$	768,496	$		766,859

Earnings per Share: Earnings per share (“EPS”) are the amount of earnings attributable to each share of common stock. Basic EPS has been computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders has been computed by deducting dividends accumulated for the period on cumulative preferred stock (whether or not earned) and deemed dividends due to down round financings from net income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, income available to common stockholders was adjusted for deemed dividends due to down round financings of $11,653,986 (See Note 10 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023). Diluted earnings per share has been computed by dividing income available to common stockholders adjusted on an if-converted basis for the period by the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common share outstanding (which consist of warrants, options, restricted stock units and convertible securities using the if-converted or treasury stock method to the extent they are dilutive). Approximately 202 thousand and 11 thousand shares of dilutive shares were excluded from the three months period ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, EPS calculation as their impact is antidilutive. Approximately 128 thousand and 5 thousand shares of dilutive shares were excluded from the nine months period ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, EPS calculation as their impact is antidilutive.

Net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:


	Three months ended			Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Down round deemed dividend		-			(11,653,986	)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(23,560,083	)
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(404.00	)		(6,640.00	)

Recently Issued Accounting Policies

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvement to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 improves segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Management is evaluating the impact of this ASU on the Company's financial statements.

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In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes: Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 improves income tax disclosures by requiring public entities annually to (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities are permitted to early adopt the standard for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. Management is evaluating the impact of this ASU on the Company's financial statements.

NOTE 4. LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold Series 1B preferred stock and completed a public offering to fund operations. Further discussion of these transactions can be found in Notes 13 and 14 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company continues to enter into financing arrangements in 2024 to fund operations.

The Company currently has limited production capabilities in its Thornton facility and continues to focus on restarting production at industrial scale while continuing its research and development activities to improve its PV products. The Company does not expect that sales revenue and cash flows will be sufficient to support operations and cash requirements until it has fully implemented this strategy. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company used $6,897,159 in cash for operations.

Current committed product revenues are not anticipated to result in a positive cash flow position for the next twelve months and although the Company has, as of September 30, 2024, working capital of $1,362,847, Management does not believe cash liquidity is sufficient for the next twelve months and will require additional financing or committed purchase orders.

The Company continues to look for ways to expand its production of PV films at industrial scale and to secure long-term contracts for the sale of such output. The Company also continues activities related to securing additional financing through strategic or financial investors, but there is no assurance the Company will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If the Company's revenues do not increase rapidly, and/or additional financing is not obtained, the Company will be required to significantly curtail operations to reduce costs and/or sell assets. Such actions would likely have an adverse impact on the Company's future operations.

As a result of the Company’s recurring losses from operations and the potential need for additional financing to fund its operating and capital requirements, there is uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate its business effectively, which raises doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Management cannot provide any assurances that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any of its plans. These unaudited condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In September 2021, the Company and TubeSolar AG ("TubeSolar"), a former significant stakeholder in the Company, entered into a Long-Term and Joint Development Agreement ("JDA") where the Company would provide PV foils for use in TubeSolar's solar modules for agricultural photovoltaic applications. The Company and TubeSolar also jointly established Ascent Solar Technologies Germany GmbH (“Ascent Germany”), in which TubeSolar holds of 30% of the entity. Ascent Germany was established to operate a PV manufacturing facility in Germany that will produce and deliver PV Foils exclusively to TubeSolar. There were no Company contributions to Ascent Germany during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

In June, 2023, TubeSolar filed an application for insolvency proceedings with the insolvency court. Since then, there has been no activity under the JDA and minimal activity in Ascent Germany. Management continues to monitor this situation.

NOTE 6. SWITZERLAND ASSETS

On April 17, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Flisom AG (“Seller”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company purchased certain assets relating to thin-film photovoltaic manufacture and production from Seller (collectively, the “Assets”). The purchase price paid by the Company was $4,083,926

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(including $1,283,926 of transaction costs). The Company also entered into a sublease agreement allowing the Company to use the manufacturing facility where the Assets are located.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Management concluded that these assets were impaired and recognized an impairment loss of $3,283,715. The remaining carrying value of the Assets, as of December 31, 2023, was $786,000. On April 1, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with the manufacturing facility landlord (“Landlord”) and sold all but one piece of equipment from the Assets to the Landlord for 1 CHF and forgiveness of $221,519 in payables and any potential future claims the manufacturing facility Landlord may have. The carrying value of the Assets sold was $746,000.

At March 31, 2024, the Company designated the Assets as assets held for sale as all of the following criteria have been met: (i) a formal commitment to a plan to sell a property has been made and exercised; (ii) the property is available for sale in its present condition; (iii) actions required to complete the sale of the property have been initiated; (iv) sale of the property is probable and we expect the sale will occur within one year; and (v) the property is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable given its current market value. Assets held for sale were recorded in Property, Plant and Equipment, net in the unaudited condensed balance sheets.

Upon designation as an asset held for sale, the Company recorded the carrying value of the property at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell, and depreciation of the property ceases. As the estimated fair value of $221,519 and the price the Company sold the Assets for is less than their carrying value, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $524,481. Upon completion of the sale, on April 1, 2024, the Company wrote off the remaining carrying value of the Assets and the payables to the Landlord.

In September, 2023, Flisom filed for bankruptcy in Switzerland. In February, 2024, the Swiss bankruptcy administrator closed the bankruptcy proceedings due to a lack of assets unless a creditor demands that the bankruptcy proceedings be carried out within the specified period and makes an advance to cover the costs. The deadline for creditors to make their demand has lapsed and the bankruptcy proceedings remained closed. As the bankruptcy proceedings are closed, the Company reversed the Swiss liabilities and recognized a gain on extinguishment of liabilities of $541,021 in Other income/(expense) on the unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

NOTE 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of September 30,			As of December 31,
	2024			2023
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software	$	468,588		$	468,588
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		19,122,828			20,661,222
Leasehold improvements		15,994			15,995
Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress		72,508			32,087
Depreciable property, plant and equipment		19,679,918			21,177,892
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,429,536	)		(20,131,008	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	250,382		$	1,046,884

Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $16,832 and $18,931, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $50,923 and $59,570, respectively. Depreciation expense is recorded under “Depreciation and amortization expense” in the unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations.

NOTE 8. OPERATING LEASE

The Company’s lease is primarily comprised of manufacturing and office space. This lease is classified and accounted for as an operating lease. The building lease term is for 88 months commencing on September 21, 2020 at a rent of $50,000 per month including taxes, insurance and common area maintenance until December 31, 2020. Beginning January 1, 2021, the rent

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adjusted to $80,000 per month on a triple net basis and shall increase at an annual rate of 3% per annum until December 31, 2027.

Effective September 1, 2023, the lease was amended to reduce the rentable square feet from approximately 100,000 to approximately 75,000 square feet and the rent and tenant share of expenses were decreased in proportion to the reduction in the rentable square feet.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:


	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	2,007,001	$	2,364,672
Current portion of operating lease liability		555,495		491,440
Non-current portion of operating lease liability		1,615,945		2,043,025

During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded operating lease expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses of $190,497 and $236,925, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded operating lease expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses of $571,492 and $770,836, respectively.

Future maturities of the operating lease liability are as follows:


Remainder of 2024	$	192,283
2025		792,203
2026		815,969
2027		840,449
Total lease payments		2,640,904
Less amounts representing interest		(469,464	)
Present value of lease liability	$	2,171,440

The remaining weighted average lease term and discount rate of the operating leases is 39 months and 7.0%, respectively.

NOTE 9. INVENTORIES

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	457,381	$	445,721
Work in process		515		1,775
Finished goods		-		-
Total	$	457,896	$	447,496

NOTE 10. BRIDGE LOAN


	Principal Balance 1/1/2024		New loans		Principal Payments			Principal Balance 9/30/2024		Discount			Bridge Loan, net of discount
Bridge Loans	$	—	$	1,240,800	$	(904,803	)	$	335,997	$	(20,253	)	$	315,744

On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a loan agreement ("Loan 1") with a lender ("Lender") for an aggregate principal amount of $375,000. The Company paid origination fees of $25,000 for net proceeds of $350,000. The discount is recorded as interest expense ratably over the term of the loan. Under Loan 1, the Company will make weekly payments of

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$19,420 for 28 weeks for a total repayment of $543,750. The Company also had an early repayment option where the Company would repay an aggregate of $478,125 if repaid by April 15, 2024.

On April 17, 2024, the Company entered into a new loan agreement ("Loan 2") with the Lender. Under Loan 2, the Company borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $685,000, incurred origination fees of $34,250, and repaid the outstanding balance of Loan 1 of $428,310 for net proceeds of $222,440. Under Loan 2, the Company will make weekly payments of $31,000 for 32 weeks for a total repayment of $993,250. This loan is secured by a lien on the Company's assets.

As of September 30, 2024, principal and interest payable on Loan 2 was $248,953 and $3,451, respectively. The Company also recognized $139,233 and $499,272 in interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

On April 1 and 2, 2024, the Company closed two loan agreements with a second lender ("Lender 2") for an aggregate principal amount of $180,800. These loans have an original issuance discount of $20,800 for net proceeds of $160,000. The Company will repay a total of $202,496 under these loans. The loans mature on January 1, 2025 and are payable in monthly installments as defined in the loan agreements. Upon a default event, outstanding principal and interest payable is convertible into Company stock at a 25% discount; however, the conversion price cannot be below $25.

At September 30, 2024, principal and interest payable on these loans was $87,044 and $0, respectively. The Company also recognized $16,334 and $34,297 in interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

The carrying amount of these bridge loans approximate fair value due to its short maturity and because the Company's current borrowing rate does not materially differ from market rates for similar bank borrowings and is considered to be Level 2 input on the fair value hierarchy.

NOTE 11. OTHER PAYABLE

On June 30, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with a vendor (“Vendor”) to convert the balance of their account into a note payable in the amount of $250,000. The note bears interest of 5% per annum and matured on February 28, 2018. On September 25, 2024, the Company entered into a Note Termination and Release Agreement with the Vendor where the Company agreed to a one-time payment of $175,000 in exchange for the termination of the note payable. Upon payment, the remaining note and interest payable were forgiven and the Company recognized a gain on extinguishment of liabilities of $165,548 in Other income/(expense), net on the unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

NOTE 12. CONVERTIBLE NOTES

The following table provides a summary of the activity of the Company's secured, convertible, promissory notes:


	Principal Balance 12/31/2023		Notes converted			Notes paid			Net Principal Balance 9/30/2024
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd	$	406,667	$	(400,000	)	$	(6,667	)	$	—

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $400,000 of principal was converted for 6,184 shares of common stock. The note matured on June 19, 2024 and the Company paid the remaining principal and interest payable. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had interest expense of $463,397 and $2,070,669, respectively, of which, $19,260 and $1,773,633, respectively was due to accretion of discount on the note. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had interest expense of $271,162, of which, $231,536 was due to accretion of discount on the note.

Conversions Payable represents the economic difference between the applicable conversion price of the notes payable and floor price of $65. This amount is payable either in shares valued as the VWAP on the conversion day or in cash. If the VWAP on the conversion day is less than the floor price, then the economic different between the conversion day VWAP and the floor price becomes payable in cash and is recorded as Cash payable on the unaudited Condensed Balance Sheet. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $1,279,782 of conversions payable was converted into 17,934 shares of common stock and

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$199,997 of Cash payable. The Cash payable was paid in April 2024 with the close of the Company's public offering (see Note 15).

NOTE 13. SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

As of January 1, 2024, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends at a rate of 8% per annum when and if declared by the Board of Directors at its sole discretion. The dividends may be paid in cash or in the form of common stock (valued at 10% below market price, but not to exceed the lowest closing price during the applicable measurement period), at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The dividend rate on the Series A Preferred Stock is indexed to the Company's stock price and subject to adjustment.

The Series A Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of common stock at the option of the Company if the closing price of the common stock exceeds $23.2 billion, adjusted for reverse stock splits, for twenty consecutive trading days, or by the holder at any time. The Company has the right to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock at a price of $8.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, plus the make-whole amount (if applicable). At September 30, 2024, the preferred shares were not eligible for conversion to common shares at the option of the Company. The holder of the preferred shares may convert to common shares at any time. After making adjustment for the Company’s prior reverse stock splits, all 48,100 outstanding Series A preferred shares are convertible into less than one common share. Upon any conversion (whether at the option of the Company or the holder), the holder is entitled to receive any accrued but unpaid dividends.

Except as otherwise required by law (or with respect to approval of certain actions), the Series A Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, after payment or provision for payment of debts and other liabilities of the Company, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, pari passu with any distribution to the holders of common stock of the Company, an amount equal to $8.00 per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

As of September 30, 2024, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding and accrued and unpaid dividends of $550,879.

NOTE 14. SERIES Z PREFERRED STOCK

On June 20, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Paul Warley, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the “Purchaser”) pursuant to which it issued and sold one (1) share (the “Share”) of the Company’s newly designated Series Z Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series Z Preferred Stock”), to such Purchaser for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000. The Series Z Preferred Stock is recorded as Accrued Expenses in the unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets.

The Share of Series Z Preferred Stock is not convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of any other class or series of stock or other securities of the Company. The Share of Series Z Preferred Stock has no rights with respect to any distribution of assets of the Company, including upon a liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, merger, acquisition, sale, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntarily or involuntarily. The holder of the Share of Series Z Preferred Stock will not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind.

The outstanding share of Series Z Preferred Stock shall be redeemed in whole, but not in part, at any time (i) if such redemption is ordered by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion or (ii) automatically upon the effectiveness of the amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation implementing a reverse stock split. Upon such redemption, the holder of the Series Z Preferred Stock will receive consideration of $1,000 in cash.

The Share of Series Z Preferred Stock will have 180,000,000 votes and will vote together with the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock as a single class exclusively with respect to any proposal to amend the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. The Share of Series Z Preferred Stock will be voted, without action by the holder, on any such reverse stock split proposal in the same proportion as shares of common stock are voted on such proposal (excluding any common shares that are not voted). The Series Z Preferred Stock otherwise has no voting rights, except as may otherwise be required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

On August 22, 2024, the Company redeemed the Series Z Preferred Stock and repaid the consideration received.

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NOTE 15. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Common Stock

At September 30, 2024, the Company had 500 million shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized for issuance. Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had 1,275,429 shares of common stock outstanding. The Company has not declared or paid any dividends related to the common stock during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $400,000 of convertible debt principal was converted into 6,184 shares of common stock and $1,279,782 of conversions payable was converted into 17,934 shares of common stock. 3,500 shares of common stock was also issued to settle liabilities.

As part of the December 19, 2022 Securities Purchase Contract (the “Purchase Contract”) with two institutional investors (the “Investors”), the Company issued to the Investors certain common stock warrants (the “Warrants”). The Warrants have certain “full ratchet” anti-dilution adjustments that are triggered when the Company issues securities with a purchase or conversion, exercise or exchange price that is less than the exercise price of the Warrants then in effect at any time. Under the full ratchet anti-dilution adjustments, if the Company issues new securities at a price lower than the then applicable exercise price, (i) the exercise price is reduced to the lower new issue price and (ii) the number of warrant shares is proportionately increased. The Warrants have been previously adjusted following past issuances of Company securities. As of April 18, 2024, there were approximately 67 thousand Warrants exercisable at an exercise price of $147.27, that were repurchased and cancelled. See below for additional information.

On March 6, 2024 and March 7, 2024, the Company entered into Warrant Repurchase Agreements (the “Repurchase Agreements”), with each of the Investors. Pursuant to the Repurchase Agreements, if the Company closes a new capital raising transaction with gross proceeds in excess of $5 million (“Qualified Financing”), the Company will repurchase the Warrants from the Investors for an aggregate purchase price of $3.6 million. Following the delivery of the purchase price to the Investors, the Investors will relinquish all rights, title and interest in the Warrants and assign the same to the Company, and the Warrants will be cancelled. On April 12, 2024, the Company entered into Amended and Restated Warrant Repurchase Agreements (the “Amendments”) with each of the Investors. Pursuant to the Amendments, on April 12, 2024, the Company and the Investors agreed to the following:

•

First Repurchase. On April 12, 2024, the Investors agree to convey, assign and transfer 50% of the Warrants to the Company in exchange for the payment by the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $1.8 million.

•

Second Repurchase. On or before April 18, 2024, the Investors agree to convey, assign and transfer all remaining Warrants to the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $1.8 million.

To extend the repurchase deadline, on April 12, 2024 the Company agreed to issue the Investors approximately 85,500 warrants in aggregate at an exercise price of $11.68 per warrant. These warrants will be exercisable at any time, and from time to time, in whole or in part, commencing six months from the closing of the offering and expiring five and a half (5.5) years from the date of issue, and will be exercisable for cash only unless an effective registration statement is not available at the time of exercise, in which case the warrants could be exercised on a cashless basis. The Company recorded an expense of $743,462 as Warrant settlement expense on the unaudited Condensed Statement of Operations. The expense represents the estimated fair value of the warrants at the issuance date and was determined using the Black Scholes model using the following inputs:


	Inputs
Expected stock price volatility	154.5	%
Dividend yield	0	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.75	%
Expected life of the warrants (in years)	2.75

On April 9, 2024 the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agent Agreement”) with Dawson James Securities Inc. (“Dawson James”) pursuant to which the Company engaged Dawson James as the placement

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agent for a registered public offering by the Company (the “Offering”), of up to $6 million of shares of common stock or, in lieu of common stock, one prefunded warrant to purchase a share of common stock on a best efforts basis.

The Company agreed to pay Dawson James a placement agent fee in cash equal to 8.00% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock; provided, however, that the placement agent fee shall equal 4% for investors that the Company directs to the Offering. The Company also agreed to reimburse Dawson James for all reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees of legal counsel, not to exceed $155,000.

On April 18, 2024, the Company, completed closings under the Offering of common stock. Aggregate gross proceeds from all closings under the offering total $5.09 million before deducting offering expenses. In the completed closings, the Company issued an aggregate of (i) 151,795 common shares and (ii) 211,623 Pre-Funded Warrants. The Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.0001 per share of common stock and only expire when such Pre-Funded warrants are fully exercised.

As of September 30, 2024, all 211,623 of the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised into common stock.

The net proceeds from the closings of the Offering were utilized to retire approximately $200,000 of cash payable and $3.6 million to repurchase and cancel the Warrants that were both issued with our secured notes issued in December 2022. The repurchase of these warrants eliminated a substantial potential future issuance of common stock at a substantially reduced price. These warrants would have been adjusted in accordance with their terms to provide for the purchase of approximately 850 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $11.68 if they had not been repurchased by the Company.

On May 16, 2024, the Company entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as sales agent (“Wainwright”), to sell shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Shares”), having an aggregate sales price of up to $4,219,000, from time to time, through an “at the market offering” program under which Wainwright will act as sales agent. The sales, if any, of the Shares made under the ATM Agreement will be made by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Capital Market or on any other existing trading market for the Company’s common stock. The Company will pay Wainwright a commission rate equal to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of Common Stock and will also reimburse Wainwright for certain specified expenses in connection with entering into the ATM Agreement, including certain fees and out-of-pocket expenses of its legal counsel.

On May 23, 2024, the Company increased the amount available for sale under the ATM Agreement, up to an additional aggregate offering price of $4,344,000 and on May 30, 2024, the Company again increased the amount available for sale under the ATM Agreement by an additional aggregate offering price of $3,981,000.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company sold 637,429 shares of common stock at an average price of $14.90 per share, resulting in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $9.5 million. The Company anticipates that the at-the-market offering will continue throughout the next reporting period.

Preferred Stock

At September 30, 2024, the Company had 25 million shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized for issuance. Preferred stock may be issued in classes or series. Designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions are determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.

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The following table summarizes the designations, shares authorized, and shares outstanding for the Company’s Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2024:


Preferred Stock Series Designation	Shares Authorized		Shares Outstanding
Series A		750,000		48,100
Series 1A		5,000		—
Series B-1		2,000		—
Series B-2		1,000		—
Series 1B		900		—
Series C		1,000		—
Series D		3,000		—
Series D-1		2,500		—
Series E		2,800		—
Series F		7,000		—
Series G		2,000		—
Series H		2,500		—
Series I		1,000		—
Series J		1,350		—
Series J-1		1,000		—
Series K		20,000		—
Series Z		1		—

Warrants

As of September 30, 2024, there are approximately 143,000 outstanding warrants with exercise prices between $11.68 and $74,086 per share.

Series A Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 13 for information on Series A Preferred Stock.

Series Z Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 14 for information on Series Z Preferred Stock.

Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, and K Preferred Stock

There were no transactions involving the Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, or K during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

NOTE 16. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

In January 2024, the Company granted 4,590 shares of restricted stock units to employees and directors. One third of these shares vested on March 31, 2024. The remaining unvested shares will vest pro rata on January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026. The Company also granted members of our advisory board an aggregate of 200 shares of restricted stock units. The advisory shares originally vested pro rata on January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026; however, were amended to vest pro rata on June 30, 2024 and January 1, 2025.

The Company had a total of 3,191 unvested units as of September 30, 2024 that are expected to vest in the future. Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense from the remaining unvested restricted stock as of September 30, 2024 was approximately $855,000 and is expected to be recognized over 1.25 years. The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock and the related activity as of September 30, 2024:

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	Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2024		19		$	59,600
Granted		4,850			75.87
Vested		(1,658	)		327.03
Forfeited		(20	)		77.00
Non-vested at September 30, 2024		3,191		$	502.35

The fair values of the respective vesting dates of RSUs were approximately $7,143 and $269,860 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

In August 2024, the Company granted 124,850 stock options terminating 10 years from the date of grant to employees, directors, and advisory board members. One third of these options vested on September 15, 2024. The remaining unvested options will vest pro rata on January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026.

The Company had a total of 83,220 unvested options as of September 30, 2024 that are expected to vest in the future. Total unrecognized share based compensation expense from the remaining unvested options as of September 30, 2024 was approximately $345,000 and is expected to be recognized over 2 years. The Company had approximately 41,630 exercisable options as of September 30, 2024. The following table summarizes options activity as of September 30, 2024:


	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Stock Options Outstanding at January 1, 2024		-	$	-
Granted		124,850		4.15
Exercised		-		-
Forfeited / Expired		-		-
Stock Options Outstanding at September 30, 2024		124,850	$	4.15

The weighted average remaining contractual term for these options at September 30, 2024, was approximately 9.9 years. Based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the options estimated weighted average fair values at the date of grant of $4.15 per share. The fair values were estimated using the following weighted average assumptions:


	Inputs
Expected stock price volatility		188.87	%
Dividend yield		0	%
Risk-free interest rate		3.64	%
Expected life of the options (in years)		5.5

The Company utilized the simplified method for estimating the stock options granted as the Company has experienced significant changes in its business and the historical data may not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term.

NOTE 17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

On August 15, 2023, Wainwright filed an action against the Company in the New York State Supreme Court in New York County. The complaint alleges a breach by the Company of an investment banking engagement letter entered into in October 2021. The Wainwright engagement letter expired in April 2022 without any financing transaction having been completed. The complaint claims that Wainright is entitled, under a “tail provision”, to an 8% fee and 7% warrant coverage on the Company’s $15 million secured convertible note financing. The complaint seeks damages of $1.2 million, 22 common stock warrants with a per share exercise price of $60,500, and attorney fees. On May 15, 2024, the Company and Wainwright reached a settlement agreement. The settlement did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

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The Company is subject to various legal proceedings, both asserted and unasserted, that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings or in certain instances provide reasonable ranges of potential losses. However, as of the date of this report, the Company believes that none of these claims will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations. In the event of unexpected subsequent developments and given the inherent unpredictability of these legal proceedings, there can be no assurance that the Company’s assessment of any claim will reflect the ultimate outcome, and an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations in particular quarterly or annual periods.

NOTE 18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent to September 30, 2024, the Company sold 49,325 shares of common stock under the ATM Agreement at an average price of $2.87 per share, resulting in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $141,400.

On October 17, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with accredited investors for a convertible preferred stock financing for approximately $1.9 million of gross proceeds and will issue approximately 1,900 shares of Series 1C convertible preferred stock (“Series 1C Preferred Stock”) at a purchase price of $1,000 per share. Through November 14, 2024, the Company received approximately $665,000 of gross proceeds and will receive the remaining balance during the fourth quarter. The Series 1C Preferred Stock is convertible into common stock at any time after April 17, 2025 at the option of the holder at an initial fixed conversion price of $2.50 per share of common stock; however, the holder may not convert any portion to the extent that the holder would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the Company's outstanding shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the conversion.

Holders of the Series 1C Preferred Stock will be entitled to dividends on the per share stated value of $1,000 in the amount of 10% per annum, payable quarterly. The dividend rate will increase to 15% if any of the Series 1C Preferred Stock remains outstanding on or after October 17, 2027. Unless the Company elects to pay dividends on the Series 1C Preferred Stock in cash, the Company will cumulate the dividends, in which case the accrued dividend amount shall be added to the stated value of each share of Series 1C Preferred Stock.

If at any time the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock equals at least 300% of the conversion price for the most recent 20 consecutive trading days, the Company shall have the right to redeem all, but not less than all, of the Series 1C Preferred Stock then outstanding in cash at a price equal to 110% of the stated value of the shares being redeemed.

Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of Series 1C Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive in cash out of the assets of the Company, before any amount shall be paid to the holders of any of shares of common stock, an amount per share of Series 1C Preferred Stock equal to the greater of (A) 110% of the stated value of such preferred share and (B) the amount per share such holder would receive if such holder converted such preferred share into common stock immediately prior to the date of such payment.

On any matter presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action or consideration at any meeting of stockholders of the Company (or by written consent of stockholders in lieu of meeting), each holder of outstanding shares of Series 1C Preferred Stock shall be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the outstanding shares of Series 1C Preferred Stock held by such holder are convertible as of the record date (but only after giving effect to the maximum percentage conversion limitations referred to above). Except as provided by law or by the other provisions of the Series 1C Preferred Stock, holders of Series 1C Preferred Stock shall vote together with the holders of common stock as a single class and on an as-converted to common stock basis.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements and related notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 which was filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024. This discussion and analysis contains statements of a forward-looking nature relating to future events or our future financial performance. As a result of many factors, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report and of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements. Please also see the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We target high-volume production and high-value specialty solar markets. These include terrestrial and space power beaming, space, aerospace, agrivoltaics, and high-value niche manufacturing/construction sectors. This strategy enables us to fully leverage what we believe are the unique advantages of our technology, including flexibility, durability and attractive power to weight and power to area performance. It further enables us to offer unique, differentiated solutions in large markets with less competition, and more attractive pricing.

Specifically, we focus on commercializing our proprietary solar technology in two high-value PV verticals:

I. Aerospace: Space, Near-space and Fixed Wing UAV

II. Agrivoltaics

We believe the value proposition of Ascent’s proprietary solar technology not only aligns with the needs of customers in these verticals, but also overcomes many of the obstacles other solar technologies face in these unique markets. Ascent has the capability to design and develop finished products for end users in these areas as well as collaborate with strategic partners to design and develop custom integrated solutions for products like airships and fixed-wing UAVs. Ascent sees significant overlap in the needs of end users across some of these verticals and believes it can achieve economies of scale in sourcing, development, and production in commercializing products for these customers.

The integration of Ascent's solar modules into space, near space, and aeronautic vehicles with ultra-lightweight and flexible solar modules is an important market opportunity for the Company. Customers in this market have historically required a high level of durability, high voltage and conversion efficiency from solar module suppliers, and we believe our products are well suited to compete in this premium market.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we generated $41,893 of total revenue. As of September 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $490,152,872.

Due to the high durability enabled by the monolithic integration employed by our technology, the capability to customize modules into different form factors and what we believe is the industry leading light weight and flexibility provided by our modules, we believe that the potential applications for our products are extensive, including integrated solutions anywhere that may need power generation such as vehicles in space or in flight, or dual-use installations on agricultural land.

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Commercialization and Manufacturing Strategy

We manufacture our products by affixing a thin Copper-Indium-Gallium-diSelenide ("CIGS") layer to a flexible, plastic substrate using a large format, roll-to-roll process that permits us to fabricate our flexible PV modules in an integrated sequential operation. We use proprietary monolithic integration techniques which enable us to form complete PV modules with little to no back-end assembly cost of inter- cell connections. Traditional PV manufacturers assemble PV modules by bonding or soldering discrete PV cells together. This manufacturing step typically increases manufacturing costs and at times proves detrimental to the overall yield and reliability of the finished product. By reducing or eliminating this added step using our proprietary monolithic integration techniques, we believe we can achieve cost savings in, and increase the reliability of, our PV modules.

We plan to continue the development of our current PV technology to increase module efficiency, improve our manufacturing tooling and process capabilities and reduce manufacturing costs. We also plan to continue to take advantage of research and development contracts to fund a portion of this development.

Significant Trends, Uncertainties and Challenges

We believe the significant trends, uncertainties and challenges that directly or indirectly affect our financial performance and results of operations include:

•

Our operating history and lack of profitability;

•

Our ability to develop demand for, and sales of, our products;

•

Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel to implement our business plan and corporate growth strategies;

•

Our ability to develop sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

•

Our ability to successfully develop and maintain strategic relationships with key partners;

•

The accuracy of our estimates and projections;

•

Our ability to secure additional financing to fund our short-term and long-term financial needs;

•

Our ability to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market;

•

The commencement, or outcome, of legal proceedings against us, or by us, including ongoing litigation proceedings;

•

Changes in our business plan or corporate strategies;

•

The extent to which we are able to manage the growth of our operations effectively, both domestically and abroad, whether directly owned or indirectly through licenses;

•

The supply, availability and price of equipment, components and raw materials, including the elements needed to produce our photovoltaic modules;

•

Our ability to expand and protect the intellectual property portfolio that relates to our photovoltaic modules and processes;

•

Our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

•

Our ability to achieve projected operational performance and cost metrics; and

•

General economic and business conditions, and in particular, conditions specific to the solar power industry.

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical accounting policies used in reporting our financial results are reviewed by management on a regular basis. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Processes used to develop these estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis. Estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ as outcomes from assumptions may change.

The Company’s significant accounting policies were described in Note 3 to the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no significant changes to our accounting policies as of September 30, 2024.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change
Revenues
Products	$	8,550		$	209,496		$	(200,946	)
Milestone and engineering		-			20,458			(20,458	)
Total Revenues		8,550			229,954			(221,404	)

Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenue		76,796			692,752			(615,956	)
Research, development and manufacturing operations		603,534			344,942			258,592
Selling, general and administrative		1,216,976			1,407,493			(190,517	)
Share-based compensation		354,410			139,067			215,343
Depreciation and amortization		17,730			23,723			(5,993	)
Impairment loss		-			-			-
Total Costs and Expenses		2,269,446			2,607,977			(338,531	)
Loss From Operations		(2,260,896	)		(2,378,023	)		117,127

Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense), net		742,162			756,859			(14,697	)
Warrant settlement (Note 15)		-			-			-
Interest Expense		(170,838	)		(288,109	)		117,271
Total Other Income/(Expense)		571,324			468,750			102,574
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments		(1,295	)		-			(1,295	)
Net (Loss)/Income	$	(1,690,867	)	$	(1,909,273	)	$	218,406

Total Revenues. Our total revenues decreased by $221,404, or 96%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. This is primarily due to a large customer order and engineering revenue in the prior period that was not repeated in the current period.

Cost of revenue. Cost of revenues is primarily comprised of repair and maintenance, material costs, and direct labor and overhead expenses. Our Cost of revenues decreased by $615,956, or 89%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. This decrease is primarily due to a decrease in manufacturing activities and sales as the Company continued to focus on product and technology improvements in the current period.

Research, development and manufacturing operations. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs include costs incurred for product development, pre-production and production activities in our manufacturing facility. It also includes costs related to technology development. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs increased by $258,592,

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or 75%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. This is primarily due to the Company continued to focused on product and technology improvements in the current period.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $190,517, or 14%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in costs is due primarily to decreased professional services and other administrative expenses incurred during the current period.

Share-based compensation. Share-based compensation expense increased by $215,343 or 155% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. The increase is due to the Company's RSU and option grant to employees, directors, and advisory board in 2024.

Other Income/Expense. Other income was $571,324 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. This includes a gain on settlement of liabilities, interest income, and the reversal of a Swiss liability which were partially offset by interest expense. In comparison, other income for the same period in 2023 was $468,750, primarily due to a one-time employee retention credit, partially offset by interest expense, resulting in an increase of $102,574 between the two periods.

Net Loss. Our Net Loss decreased by $218,406, or 11%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due primarily to the items mentioned above.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			$ Change
Revenues
Product Revenue	$	41,893		$	395,106		$	(353,213	)
Milestone and engineering		-			60,374			(60,374	)
Total Revenues		41,893			455,480			(413,587	)

Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenue		147,708			1,820,816			(1,673,108	)
Research, development and manufacturing operations		1,716,766			2,832,956			(1,116,190	)
Selling, general and administrative		3,888,455			4,178,146			(289,691	)
Share-based compensation		799,345			2,104,378			(1,305,033	)
Depreciation and amortization		57,139			73,947			(16,808	)
Impairment loss		524,481			-			524,481
Total Costs and Expenses		7,133,894			11,010,243			(3,876,349	)
Loss From Operations		(7,092,001	)		(10,554,763	)		3,462,762

Other Income/(Expense)
Other Income/(Expense), net		768,496			766,859			1,637
Warrant settlement		(743,462	)		-			(743,462	)
Interest Expense		(604,473	)		(2,118,023	)		1,513,550
Total Other Income/(Expense)		(579,439	)		(1,351,164	)		771,725
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments		(2,996	)		(170	)		(2,826	)
Net (Loss)/Income	$	(7,674,436	)	$	(11,906,097	)	$	4,231,661

Total Revenues. Our total revenues decreased by $413,587, or 91%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. This is primarily due to a large customer order and engineering revenue in the prior period that was not repeated in the current period.

Cost of revenue. Cost of revenues is primarily comprised of repair and maintenance, material costs, and direct labor and overhead expenses. Our Cost of revenues decreased by $1,673,108, or 92%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. This decrease is primarily due to a decrease in manufacturing activities and sales as the Company continued to focused on product and technology improvements in the current period.

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Research, development and manufacturing operations. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs include costs incurred for product development, pre-production and production activities in our manufacturing facility. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs also include costs related to technology development. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs decreased by $1,116,190, or 39%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. This is primarily due to a decrease in preproduction and manufacturing operations cost as the Company continued to focused on product and technology improvements in the current period.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $289,691, or 7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. This decrease is primarily due to lower personnel and administrative costs incurred during the first quarter of the current year compared to the prior period. This decrease is partially offset by higher personnel, professional services and other administrative costs incurred during the second and third quarter of the current year.

Share-based compensation. Share-based compensation expense decreased by $1,305,033 or 62% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease is due to the termination of our former CEO in April 2023. This is partially offset with the Company's RSU and options granted to employees, directors, and advisory board in 2024.

Other Income/Expense. Other expense was $579,439 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to other expense of $1,351,164 for the same period in 2023, a decrease of $771,725. The decrease is due primarily to a decrease in interest expense resulting from the conversions and payoff of the December 2022 convertible debt and other income recognized, partially offset by the warrant settlement expense incurred in 2024. Other income in 2024 included a gain on settlement of liabilities, interest income, and the reversal of a Swiss liability. Other income in 2023 included a one-time employee retention credit.

Net Loss. Our Net Loss decreased by $4,231,661, or 36%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due primarily to the items mentioned above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company currently has limited PV production at its manufacturing facility. The Company does not expect that sales revenue and cash flows will be sufficient to support operations and cash requirements until it has fully restarted its production at industrial scale and achieved desired improvements to its PV products. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 the Company used $6,897,159 in cash for operations.

Additionally, projected total revenues are not anticipated to result in a positive cash flow position for the year overall and, as of September 30, 2024, while the Company has working capital of $1,362,847, Management does not believe cash liquidity is sufficient for the next twelve months and will require additional financing.

The Company continues activities related to securing additional financing through strategic or financial investors, but there is no assurance the Company will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If the Company’s revenues do not increase rapidly, and/or additional financing is not obtained, the Company will be required to significantly curtail operations to reduce costs and/or sell assets. Such actions would likely have an adverse impact on the Company's future operations.

As a result of the Company’s recurring losses from operations, and the need for additional financing to fund its operating and capital requirements, there is uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate its business effectively, which raises doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Management cannot provide any assurances that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any of its plans. These condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Statements of Cash Flows Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, our cash used in operations was $6,897,159 compared to $7,329,398 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $432,239. This decrease is due primarily to decreases in

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manufacturing activities as the Company continues to focus on product and technology improvements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash used in investing activities was $421 compared to $3,863,963 used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This change was primarily the result of the asset acquisition in Zurich, Switzerland in the prior period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash used in operations of $6,897,159 were primarily funded from 2023 and 2024 financing agreements.

Off Balance Sheet Transactions

As of September 30, 2024, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Smaller Reporting Company Status

We are a “smaller reporting company” meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million and our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million. As a smaller reporting company, we may rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We hold no significant funds and have no significant future obligations denominated in foreign currencies as of September 30, 2024.

Although our reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar, we may conduct business and incur costs in the local currencies of other countries in which we may operate, make sales and buy materials. As a result, we are subject to currency translation risk. Further, changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. Dollar could affect our future net sales and cost of sales and could result in exchange losses.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risks for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our cash equivalents and investment portfolio. As of September 30, 2024, our cash equivalents consisted operating accounts held with financial institutions and money market fund investments. From time to time, we may hold restricted funds, investments in U.S. government securities and high-quality corporate securities. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and provide liquidity on demand, while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. The direct risk to us associated with fluctuating interest rates is limited to our investment portfolio, and we do not believe a change in interest rates will have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Our disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Our management conducted an evaluation required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act as of September 30, 2024. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Except as discussed in Note 17 to the financial statements, there were no events required to be reported under Item 1 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, within Part II, Item 1 of this report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to our risk factors from those included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

As long as our executive officers, board members and advisory board members, in the aggregate, maintain their current holdings of our equity securities, they will be able to significantly influence all matters requiring stockholder approval.

Upon completion of the Series 1C Preferred Stock funding, executive officers, directors, and advisory board members hold an aggregate of approximately 1,900 shares of Series 1C Preferred Stock. The Series 1C Preferred Stock is entitled to vote along with our common stock on an as-converted to common basis. The shares of Series 1C Preferred Stock owned by such executive officers, directors and advisors (after giving effect to the 4.99% maximum percentage conversion limitations described above) would be entitled to cast, in the aggregate, approximately 15% votes on any matter to be considered by stockholders for approval at any meeting of stockholders of the Company (or by written consent of stockholders in lieu of meeting), based upon approximately 1,324,804 shares of common stock currently outstanding. These executive officers, directors, and advisors, therefore, will, for the foreseeable future, have significant influence over our management and affairs, and will be able to significantly influence all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions such as mergers or sales of our Company or assets.

We may not be able to maintain our current listing for our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Failure to maintain the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq could adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock.

Our inability to maintain our current listing on Nasdaq may limit the liquidity of our stock, increase its volatility, and hinder our ability to raise capital. If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible for quotation on an over-the-counter quotation system or on the pink sheets. Upon any such delisting, our common stock would become subject to the regulations of the SEC relating to the market for penny stocks. A penny stock is any equity security not traded on a national securities exchange that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share. The regulations applicable to penny stocks may severely affect the market liquidity for our common stock and could limit the ability of shareholders to sell securities in the secondary market. In such a case, an investor may find it more difficult to dispose of or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock, and there can be no assurance that our common stock will be eligible for trading or quotation on any alternative exchanges or markets.

Delisting from Nasdaq could adversely affect our ability to raise additional financing through public or private sales of equity securities, would significantly affect the ability of investors to trade our securities and would negatively affect the value and liquidity of our common stock. Delisting could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by employees, the loss of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities.

As previously disclosed, during 2023 and 2024 we were not in compliance with (x) the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Bid Price Requirement”) and (y) Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) which requires companies listed on Nasdaq to maintain a minimum of $2,500,000 in stockholders’ equity for continued listing (the “Equity Rule”). In September 2024, the Company received written notice from Nasdaq indicating that the Company had regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement and the Equity Rule. The Company will be subject to a one year Nasdaq Listing Panel Monitor. The Company intends to monitor its bid price and stockholders' equity to remain in compliance with the applicable listing requirements.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

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Not applicable.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans

Our policy governing transactions in our securities by directors, officers, and employees permits our officers, directors, and certain other persons to enter into trading plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Generally, under these trading plans, the individual relinquishes control over the transactions once the trading plan is put into place and can only put such plans into place while the individual is not in possession of material non-public information. Accordingly, sales under these plans may occur at any time, including possibly before, simultaneously with, or immediately after significant events involving our company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers had a Rule 10b5-1 plan in effect.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits on this Form 10-Q are filed or incorporated into this Form 10-Q by reference.

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.		Description

1.1		2024 Placement Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024)

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

3.2		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011)

3.3		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 11, 2014)

3.4		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated August 26, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 2, 2014)

3.5		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated October 27, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 28, 2014)

3.6		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated December 22, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2014)

3.7		Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2009)

3.8		First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009)

3.9		Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 25, 2013)

3.10		Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 18, 2015)

3.11		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated May 26, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 2, 2016)

3.12		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated September 15, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 16, 2016)

3.13		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated March 16, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 17, 2017)

3.14		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated July 19, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 23, 2018)

3.15		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated September 23, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 24, 2021)

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3.16		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated January 27, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 2, 2022)

3.17		Form of Series 1B Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2023)

3.18		Amendment to the Series 1B Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation dated July 25, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2023)

3.19		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated September 8, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 15, 2023).

3.20		Certificate of Designation of Series Z Preferred Stock dated June 20, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2024)

3.21		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated August 13, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2024)

3.22		Certificate of Designations of Rights and Preferences of Series 1C Convertible Preferred Stock dated October 17, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2024)

4.1		Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A filed on June 6, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

4.2		Certificate of Designations of Series A Preferred Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed July 1, 2013 (Reg. No. 333-189739))

4.3		Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed May 13, 2021)

4.4		Form of 2023 Common Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.5		Form of 2023 Prefunded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.6		Form of 2023 Placement Agent Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.7		Form of 2023 Common Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.8		Form of 2023 Prefunded Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.9		Form of 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.10		Form of 2024 Placement Agent’s Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File no. 333-277070) Amendment No. 3 filed on April 9, 2024).

4.11		Form of 2024 Pre-Funded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File no. 333-277070) Amendment No. 1 filed on February 23, 2024)

4.12		Form of 2024 Pre-Funded Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 filed with Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-277070) filed on February 23, 2024)

4.13		Form of 2024 Common Stock Warrants issued to extend the Warrant Repurchase Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024)

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10.1 CTR		Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

10.2 CTR		Invention and Trade Secret Assignment Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

10.3		Patent Application Assignment Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

10.4 CTR		License Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

10.5		Letter Agreement, dated November 23, 2005, among the Company, ITN Energy Systems, Inc. and the University of Delaware (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A filed on May 26, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

10.6 CTR		License Agreement, dated November 21, 2006, between the Company and UD Technology Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 29, 2006)

10.7		Novation Agreement, dated January 1, 2007, among the Company, ITN Energy Systems, Inc. and the United States Government (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2006)

10.8†		Executive Employment Agreement, dated April 4, 2014, between the Company and Victor Lee (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 9, 2014)

10.9†		Seventh Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex B of our definitive proxy statement dated April 22, 2016)

10.10†		Seventh Amended and Restated 2008 Restricted Stock Plan Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex A of our definitive proxy statement dated April 22, 2016)

10.11+		Industrial Lease for 12300 Grant Street, Thornton, Colorado dated September 21, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed January 29, 2021)

10.12+		Long-Term Supply and Joint Development Agreement dated September 15, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021)

10.13		Fleur Capital Unsecured Convertible Promissory Note dated January 3, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022)

10.14		Nanyang Unsecured Convertible Promissory Note dated January 21, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022)

10.15		Bridge Promissory Note dated August 3, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2022)

10.16		Securities Purchase Agreement dated August 8, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2022)

10.17		Form of Common Stock Warrant Related to Securities Purchase Agreement dated August 8, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2022)

10.18		Common Stock Warrant dated August 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2022)

10.19†		Separation Agreement and Release of Claims between the Company and Victor Lee dated September 21, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 22, 2022)

10.20†CTR		Employment Agreement between the Company and Jeffrey Max dated September 21, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2022)

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10.21†		Separation Agreement between the Company and Michael Gilbreth effective December 11, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 12, 2022)

10.22†		Employment Agreement between the Company and Paul Warley dated December 12, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 12, 2022)

10.23		Securities Purchase Contract, dated as of December 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

10.24		Form of Security Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

10.25		Form of Registered Advance Note 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

10.26		Form of Private Placement Advance Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

10.27		Form of 2022 Common Stock Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

10.28		Waiver and Amendment Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2023)

10.29		Amendment to Waiver and Amendment Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2023)

10.30		Common Stock Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 14, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 20, 2023)

10.31		Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.32		Transition Services Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.33		Sublease Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.34		Technology License Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.35		Letter Agreement, dated as of April 20, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.36†		CEO Employment Agreement between the Company and Paul Warley dated as of May 1, 2023

10.37		Waiver and Amendment Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 26, 2023)

10.38		Form of Series 1B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated June 29, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2023)

10.39		2024 Placement Agent Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

10.40†		Employment Agreement between the Company and Bobby Gulati dated as of October 19, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2023)

10.41†		Employment Agreement between the Company and Jin Jo dated as of October 19, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2023)

10.42†		Ascent Solar 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended in May 2024) (incorporated by reference to Annex A of our definitive proxy statement filed June 20, 2024)

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10.43		Warrant Repurchase Agreement dated March 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2024)

10.44		Warrant Repurchase Agreement dated March 7, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2024)

10.45		Cedar Loan Agreement dated April 17, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 18, 2024)

10.46		At The Market Offering Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and between Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current report on Form 8-K filed on May 16, 2024)

10.47		Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 20, 2024 between Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. and Paul Warley (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2024)

10.48		Form of Series 1C Convertible Preferred Stock Securities Purchase Agreement dated October 17, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2024)

31.1*		Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2*		Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1*		Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2*		Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

*		Filed herewith

CTR		Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.

†		Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

+		Certain portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Rule 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K. The omitted information is (i) not material and (ii) would likely cause competitive harm to the Company if publicly disclosed.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 14th day of November, 2024.




November 14, 2024	By:	/s/ PAUL WARLEY
		Paul Warley Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

November 14, 2024	By:	/s/ JIN JO
		Jin Jo Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 31.1

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Paul Warley, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


November 14, 2024
		/s/ PAUL WARLEY
		Paul Warley Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jin Jo, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


November 14, 2024
	By:	/s/ JIN JO
		Jin Jo Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the “Report”), I, Paul Warley, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


November 14, 2024
		/s/ PAUL WARLEY
		Paul Warley Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 32.2

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the “Report”), I, Jin Jo, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


November 14, 2024
	By:	/s/ JIN JO
		Jin Jo Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 14, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001350102
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Entity File Number	001-32919
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,324,804
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-3672603
Entity Address, Address Line One	12300 Grant Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Thornton
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80241
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
City Area Code	720
Local Phone Number	872-5000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common
Trading Symbol	ASTI
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,721,546	$ 1,048,733
Trade receivables, net of allowance of $0 and $0, respectively	4,275	0
Inventories, net	457,896	447,496
Prepaid and other current assets	132,319	39,279
Total current assets	4,316,036	1,535,508
Property, Plant and Equipment:	19,679,918	21,177,892
Accumulated depreciation	(19,429,536)	(20,131,008)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	250,382	1,046,884
Other Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	2,007,001	2,364,672
Patents, net of accumulated amortization of $179,603 and $173,387 respectively	47,762	53,978
Equity method investment	66,411	68,867
Other non-current assets	1,228,399	1,228,797
Total other assets	3,349,573	3,716,314
Total Assets	7,915,991	6,298,706
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	449,841	579,237
Related party payables	11,539	4,231
Accrued expenses	459,905	1,354,159
Accrued payroll	396,029	160,477
Accrued professional services fees	207,704	849,282
Accrued interest	556,932	628,145
Current portion of operating lease liability	555,495	491,440
Conversions payable		1,089,160
Current portion of convertible notes, net		354,936
Bridge loan	315,744
Other payable		250,000
Total current liabilities	2,953,189	5,761,067
Long-Term Liabilities:
Non-current operating lease liabilities	1,615,945	2,043,025
Accrued warranty liability	21,225	21,225
Total liabilities	4,590,359	7,825,317
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Series A preferred stock, $.0001 par value; 750,000 shares authorized; 48,100 and 48,100 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($935,678 and $899,069 Liquidation Preference, respectively)	5	5
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 authorized; 1,275,429 and 238,996 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	128	24
Additional paid in capital	493,468,895	480,942,860
Accumulated deficit	(490,152,872)	(482,478,436)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	9,476	8,936
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	3,325,632	(1,526,611)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	$ 7,915,991	$ 6,298,706

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 0	$ 0
Patents, amortization	$ 179,603	$ 173,387
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	1,275,429	238,996
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	1,275,429	238,996
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	750,000	750,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	48,100	48,100
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,100	48,100
Preferred stock, liquidation preference	$ 935,678	$ 899,069

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Total Revenues	$ 8,550	$ 229,954	$ 41,893	$ 455,480
Costs and Expenses
Costs of revenue	76,796	692,752	147,708	1,820,816
Research, development and manufacturing operations	603,534	344,942	1,716,766	2,832,956
Selling, general and administrative	1,216,976	1,407,493	3,888,455	4,178,146
Share-based compensation	354,410	139,067	799,345	2,104,378
Depreciation and amortization	17,730	23,723	57,139	73,947
Impairment loss			524,481
Total Costs and Expenses	2,269,446	2,607,977	7,133,894	11,010,243
Loss from Operations	(2,260,896)	(2,378,023)	(7,092,001)	(10,554,763)
Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense), net	742,162	756,859	768,496	766,859
Warrant settlement (Note 15)	0		(743,462)
Interest expense	(170,838)	(288,109)	(604,473)	(2,118,023)
Total Other Income/(Expense)	571,324	468,750	(579,439)	(1,351,164)
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments	(1,295)		(2,996)	(170)
Net Income/(Loss)	$ (1,690,867)	$ (1,909,273)	$ (7,674,436)	$ (11,906,097)
Net Income/(Loss) Per Share (Basic)	$ (1.37)	$ (404)	$ (10.46)	$ (6,640)
Net Income/(Loss) Per Share (Diluted)	$ (1.37)	$ (404)	$ (10.46)	$ (6,640)
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Basic)	1,232,242	4,732	733,855	3,548
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Diluted)	1,232,242	4,732	733,855	3,548
Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Foreign currency translation gain/(loss)	$ 2,774	$ 19,940	$ 540	$ 21,810
Net Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	(1,688,093)	(1,889,333)	(7,673,896)	(11,884,287)
Products
Total Revenues	$ 8,550	209,496	$ 41,893	395,106
Milestone and engineering
Total Revenues		$ 20,458		$ 60,374

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($)	Total	L1 Convertible Note	Sabby Note	Preferred Stock Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance [Member]	Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series 1B Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Common Stock L1 Convertible Note	Common Stock Sabby Note	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital L1 Convertible Note	Additional Paid-In Capital Sabby Note	Accumulated Deficit	Other Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 899,298				$ 5		$ 21			$ 448,343,158			$ (447,427,862)	$ (16,024)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					48,100		205,746
Conversion of shares		$ 1,240,818	$ 2,123,649								$ 1,240,818	$ 2,123,649
Conversion of shares (in shares)								452	631
Share-based compensation	1,965,311									1,965,311
Proceeds from issuance of Series 1B Preferred Stock	900,000									900,000
Proceeds from issuance of Series 1B Preferred Stock (in shares)						900
Preferred Stock issuance cost	(20,000)									(20,000)
Common stock issued for services	92,750									92,750
Common stock issued for services (in shares)							15
Down round deemed dividend										11,653,986			(11,653,986)
Net Income (Loss)	(9,996,824)												(9,996,824)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	1,870													1,870
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	(2,793,128)				$ 5		$ 21			466,299,672			(469,078,672)	(14,154)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023					48,100	900	206,844
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	899,298				$ 5		$ 21			448,343,158			(447,427,862)	(16,024)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					48,100		205,746
Net Income (Loss)	(11,906,097)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	(2,906,812)				$ 5		$ 21			468,075,321			(470,987,945)	5,786
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					48,100	900	208,648
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	(2,793,128)				$ 5		$ 21			466,299,672			(469,078,672)	(14,154)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023					48,100	900	206,844
Conversion of shares		(603,657)	$ 151,949								(603,657)	$ 151,949
Conversion of shares (in shares)								1,063	741
Prepayment of Common Stock purchase	2,088,290									2,088,290
Share-based compensation	139,067									139,067
Net Income (Loss)	(1,909,273)												(1,909,273)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	19,940													19,940
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	(2,906,812)				$ 5		$ 21			468,075,321			(470,987,945)	5,786
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					48,100	900	208,648
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	(1,526,611)			$ 5			$ 24			480,942,860			(482,478,436)	8,936
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023				48,100			238,996
Conversion of shares		$ 1,256,692						$ 3			$ 1,256,689
Conversion of shares (in shares)								24,118
Sale of common stock	4,455,240						$ 15			4,455,225
Sale of common stock (in shares)							151,795
Exercise of prefunded warrants							$ 22			(22)
Exercise of prefunded warrants (in shares)							218,775
Share-based compensation	429,983									429,983
Share-based compensation (in shares)							800
Proceeds from sale on ATM facility, net of expenses	8,341,220						$ 55			8,341,165
Proceeds from sale on ATM facility, net of expenses (in shares)							553,427
Common stock issued to settle liabilities	38,500									38,500
Common stock issued to settle liabilities (in shares)							3,500
Warrant repurchase	(3,600,000)									(3,600,000)
Warrant settlement	743,459									743,459
Net Income (Loss)	(5,983,569)												(5,983,569)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	(2,234)													(2,234)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024	4,152,680				$ 5		$ 119			492,607,859			(488,462,005)	6,702
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024					48,100		1,191,411
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ (1,526,611)			$ 5			$ 24			480,942,860			(482,478,436)	8,936
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023				48,100			238,996
Exercise of prefunded warrants (in shares)	211,623
Net Income (Loss)	$ (7,674,436)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	3,325,632				$ 5		$ 128			493,468,895			(490,152,872)	9,476
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024					48,100		1,275,429
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2024	4,152,680				$ 5		$ 119			492,607,859			(488,462,005)	6,702
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024					48,100		1,191,411
Share-based compensation	354,395									354,395
Share-based compensation (in shares)							15
Proceeds from sale on ATM facility, net of expenses	506,650						$ 9			506,641
Proceeds from sale on ATM facility, net of expenses (in shares)							84,003
Net Income (Loss)	(1,690,867)												(1,690,867)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	2,774													2,774
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 3,325,632				$ 5		$ 128			$ 493,468,895			$ (490,152,872)	$ 9,476
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024					48,100		1,275,429

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Sale on ATM facility, net of expenses	$ 36,194	$ 617,694

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating Activities:
Net income/(loss)	$ (1,690,867)	$ (1,909,273)	$ (5,983,569)	$ (9,996,824)	$ (7,674,436)	$ (11,906,097)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization					57,139	73,947
Share-based compensation					799,327	2,104,378
Stock issued for warrant settlement					743,459
Stock issued for services					38,500	92,750
Gain on lease modification						(84,678)
Loss on disposal of assets						77,210
Operating lease asset amortization					357,671	555,240
Amortization of debt discount					86,057	1,773,621
Loss on equity method investment	1,295				2,996	170
Inventory reserve expense					(35,173)	111,028
Impairment loss					524,481
Gain on settlement of liabilities, net					(165,548)
Gain on Swiss liabilities (Note 6)	(541,021)				(541,021)
Other					(14,949)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable					(4,275)	1,769
Inventories					24,773	(131,764)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets					(92,642)	(27,139)
Accounts payable					(129,396)	705,657
Related party payable					7,308	(39,279)
Operating lease liabilities					(363,025)	(541,519)
Accrued interest					19,335	109,435
Accrued expenses					(537,740)	(204,127)
Net cash used in operating activities					(6,897,159)	(7,329,398)
Investing Activities:
Payments on purchase of assets					(421)	(3,844,644)
Patent activity costs						(19,319)
Net cash used in investing activities					(421)	(3,863,963)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Series 1B Preferred Stock						880,000
Proceeds from bridge loans					1,153,750
Repayment of bridge loans					(904,803)
Prepayment of equity offering						2,088,290
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock					13,303,110
Warrant repurchase					(3,600,000)
Payment of convertible notes, cash payable, and other payable					(381,664)	(1,025,423)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities					9,570,393	1,942,867
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash						17,240
Net change in cash and cash equivalents					2,672,813	(9,233,254)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			$ 1,048,733	$ 11,483,018	1,048,733	11,483,018	$ 11,483,018
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 3,721,546	$ 2,249,764			3,721,546	2,249,764	$ 1,048,733
Non-Cash Transactions:
Return of equipment purchased on credit						(202,556)
Exercise of prefunded warrants					22
Non-cash conversions of convertible notes to equity					1,256,692	2,912,759
Down round deemed dividend						11,653,986
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest					$ 398,000	$ 233,436

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (1,690,867)	$ (1,909,273)	$ (5,983,569)	$ (9,996,824)	$ (7,674,436)	$ (11,906,097)

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

ORGANIZATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

ORGANIZATION

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Revenue Recognition:

No government contract revenue was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:


Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	935
Additions		7,700
Recognized as revenue		(7,700	)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	935

Other Assets: Other assets is comprised of the following:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lease security deposit	$	625,000	$	625,000
Spare machine parts		603,399		603,797
Total Other Assets	$	1,228,399	$	1,228,797

Other Income/(Expense), net: Other income/(expense), net is comprised as follows:


	Three months ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Gain on settlement of liabilities	$	165,548	$	-
Swiss liabilities (Note 6)		541,021			-
Interest income		35,593			-
Employee retention credit		-			769,983
Other		-			(13,124	)
Total Other Income/(Expense), net	$	742,162	$		756,859

	Nine months ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Gain on settlement of liabilities	$	165,548	$		-
Swiss liabilities (Note 6)		541,021			-
Interest income		35,593			-
Employee retention credit		-			769,983
Other		26,334			(3,124	)
Total Other Income/(Expense), net	$	768,496	$		766,859

Net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:


	Three months ended			Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Down round deemed dividend		-			(11,653,986	)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(23,560,083	)
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(404.00	)		(6,640.00	)

Recently Issued Accounting Policies

LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Liquidity And Continued Operations [Abstract]

LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

NOTE 4. LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

ASSET ACQUISITION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

ASSET ACQUISITION

NOTE 6. SWITZERLAND ASSETS

(including $1,283,926 of transaction costs). The Company also entered into a sublease agreement allowing the Company to use the manufacturing facility where the Assets are located.

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

NOTE 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of September 30,			As of December 31,
	2024			2023
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software	$	468,588		$	468,588
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		19,122,828			20,661,222
Leasehold improvements		15,994			15,995
Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress		72,508			32,087
Depreciable property, plant and equipment		19,679,918			21,177,892
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,429,536	)		(20,131,008	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	250,382		$	1,046,884

OPERATING LEASE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

OPERATING LEASE

NOTE 8. OPERATING LEASE

adjusted to $80,000 per month on a triple net basis and shall increase at an annual rate of 3% per annum until December 31, 2027.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:


	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	2,007,001	$	2,364,672
Current portion of operating lease liability		555,495		491,440
Non-current portion of operating lease liability		1,615,945		2,043,025

Future maturities of the operating lease liability are as follows:


Remainder of 2024	$	192,283
2025		792,203
2026		815,969
2027		840,449
Total lease payments		2,640,904
Less amounts representing interest		(469,464	)
Present value of lease liability	$	2,171,440

The remaining weighted average lease term and discount rate of the operating leases is 39 months and 7.0%, respectively.

INVENTORIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

INVENTORIES

NOTE 9. INVENTORIES

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	457,381	$	445,721
Work in process		515		1,775
Finished goods		-		-
Total	$	457,896	$	447,496

BRIDGE LOAN

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

BRIDGE LOAN

NOTE 10. BRIDGE LOAN


	Principal Balance 1/1/2024		New loans		Principal Payments			Principal Balance 9/30/2024		Discount			Bridge Loan, net of discount
Bridge Loans	$	—	$	1,240,800	$	(904,803	)	$	335,997	$	(20,253	)	$	315,744

$19,420 for 28 weeks for a total repayment of $543,750. The Company also had an early repayment option where the Company would repay an aggregate of $478,125 if repaid by April 15, 2024.

OTHER PAYABLE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

OTHER PAYABLE

NOTE 11. OTHER PAYABLE

CONVERTIBLE NOTES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

CONVERTIBLE NOTES

NOTE 12. CONVERTIBLE NOTES

The following table provides a summary of the activity of the Company's secured, convertible, promissory notes:


	Principal Balance 12/31/2023		Notes converted			Notes paid			Net Principal Balance 9/30/2024
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd	$	406,667	$	(400,000	)	$	(6,667	)	$	—

$199,997 of Cash payable. The Cash payable was paid in April 2024 with the close of the Company's public offering (see Note 15).

SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Series A Preferred Stock

NOTE 13. SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

As of September 30, 2024, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding and accrued and unpaid dividends of $550,879.

SERIES Z PREFERRED STOCK

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

SERIES Z PREFERRED STOCK

NOTE 14. SERIES Z PREFERRED STOCK

On August 22, 2024, the Company redeemed the Series Z Preferred Stock and repaid the consideration received.

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

NOTE 15. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Common Stock

•

Second Repurchase. On or before April 18, 2024, the Investors agree to convey, assign and transfer all remaining Warrants to the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $1.8 million.


	Inputs
Expected stock price volatility	154.5	%
Dividend yield	0	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.75	%
Expected life of the warrants (in years)	2.75

As of September 30, 2024, all 211,623 of the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised into common stock.

Preferred Stock

The following table summarizes the designations, shares authorized, and shares outstanding for the Company’s Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2024:


Preferred Stock Series Designation	Shares Authorized		Shares Outstanding
Series A		750,000		48,100
Series 1A		5,000		—
Series B-1		2,000		—
Series B-2		1,000		—
Series 1B		900		—
Series C		1,000		—
Series D		3,000		—
Series D-1		2,500		—
Series E		2,800		—
Series F		7,000		—
Series G		2,000		—
Series H		2,500		—
Series I		1,000		—
Series J		1,350		—
Series J-1		1,000		—
Series K		20,000		—
Series Z		1		—

Warrants

As of September 30, 2024, there are approximately 143,000 outstanding warrants with exercise prices between $11.68 and $74,086 per share.

Series A Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 13 for information on Series A Preferred Stock.

Series Z Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 14 for information on Series Z Preferred Stock.

Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, and K Preferred Stock

There were no transactions involving the Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, or K during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

NOTE 16. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION


	Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2024		19		$	59,600
Granted		4,850			75.87
Vested		(1,658	)		327.03
Forfeited		(20	)		77.00
Non-vested at September 30, 2024		3,191		$	502.35

The fair values of the respective vesting dates of RSUs were approximately $7,143 and $269,860 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.


	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Stock Options Outstanding at January 1, 2024		-	$	-
Granted		124,850		4.15
Exercised		-		-
Forfeited / Expired		-		-
Stock Options Outstanding at September 30, 2024		124,850	$	4.15


	Inputs
Expected stock price volatility		188.87	%
Dividend yield		0	%
Risk-free interest rate		3.64	%
Expected life of the options (in years)		5.5

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

NOTE 17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

NOTE 18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition:

No government contract revenue was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:


Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	935
Additions		7,700
Recognized as revenue		(7,700	)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	935

Other Assets: Other assets is comprised of the following:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lease security deposit	$	625,000	$	625,000
Spare machine parts		603,399		603,797
Total Other Assets	$	1,228,399	$	1,228,797

Other Income/(Expense), net: Other income/(expense), net is comprised as follows:


	Three months ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Gain on settlement of liabilities	$	165,548	$	-
Swiss liabilities (Note 6)		541,021			-
Interest income		35,593			-
Employee retention credit		-			769,983
Other		-			(13,124	)
Total Other Income/(Expense), net	$	742,162	$		756,859

	Nine months ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Gain on settlement of liabilities	$	165,548	$		-
Swiss liabilities (Note 6)		541,021			-
Interest income		35,593			-
Employee retention credit		-			769,983
Other		26,334			(3,124	)
Total Other Income/(Expense), net	$	768,496	$		766,859

Earnings Per Share

Net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:


	Three months ended			Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Down round deemed dividend		-			(11,653,986	)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(23,560,083	)
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(404.00	)		(6,640.00	)

Recently Issued Accounting Policies

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:


Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	935
Additions		7,700
Recognized as revenue		(7,700	)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	935

Other Assets

Other Assets: Other assets is comprised of the following:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lease security deposit	$	625,000	$	625,000
Spare machine parts		603,399		603,797
Total Other Assets	$	1,228,399	$	1,228,797

Other Income/(Expense), Net

Other Income/(Expense), net: Other income/(expense), net is comprised as follows:


	Three months ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Gain on settlement of liabilities	$	165,548	$	-
Swiss liabilities (Note 6)		541,021			-
Interest income		35,593			-
Employee retention credit		-			769,983
Other		-			(13,124	)
Total Other Income/(Expense), net	$	742,162	$		756,859

	Nine months ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Gain on settlement of liabilities	$	165,548	$		-
Swiss liabilities (Note 6)		541,021			-
Interest income		35,593			-
Employee retention credit		-			769,983
Other		26,334			(3,124	)
Total Other Income/(Expense), net	$	768,496	$		766,859

Net Loss Attributable to Common Shareholders

Net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:


	Three months ended			Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Down round deemed dividend		-			(11,653,986	)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(23,560,083	)
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(404.00	)		(6,640.00	)

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of September 30,			As of December 31,
	2024			2023
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software	$	468,588		$	468,588
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		19,122,828			20,661,222
Leasehold improvements		15,994			15,995
Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress		72,508			32,087
Depreciable property, plant and equipment		19,679,918			21,177,892
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,429,536	)		(20,131,008	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	250,382		$	1,046,884

OPERATING LEASE (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Related to Company's Leases

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:


	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	2,007,001	$	2,364,672
Current portion of operating lease liability		555,495		491,440
Non-current portion of operating lease liability		1,615,945		2,043,025

Schedule Future Maturities of Operating Lease Liability

Future maturities of the operating lease liability are as follows:


Remainder of 2024	$	192,283
2025		792,203
2026		815,969
2027		840,449
Total lease payments		2,640,904
Less amounts representing interest		(469,464	)
Present value of lease liability	$	2,171,440

INVENTORIES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory, Net of Reserves

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	457,381	$	445,721
Work in process		515		1,775
Finished goods		-		-
Total	$	457,896	$	447,496

BRIDGE LOAN (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Bridge Loan


	Principal Balance 1/1/2024		New loans		Principal Payments			Principal Balance 9/30/2024		Discount			Bridge Loan, net of discount
Bridge Loans	$	—	$	1,240,800	$	(904,803	)	$	335,997	$	(20,253	)	$	315,744

CONVERTIBLE NOTES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Convertible Debt

The following table provides a summary of the activity of the Company's secured, convertible, promissory notes:


	Principal Balance 12/31/2023		Notes converted			Notes paid			Net Principal Balance 9/30/2024
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd	$	406,667	$	(400,000	)	$	(6,667	)	$	—

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Warrants

The expense represents the estimated fair value of the warrants at the issuance date and was determined using the Black Scholes model using the following inputs:


	Inputs
Expected stock price volatility	154.5	%
Dividend yield	0	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.75	%
Expected life of the warrants (in years)	2.75

Schedule of Stock by Class

The following table summarizes the designations, shares authorized, and shares outstanding for the Company’s Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2024:


Preferred Stock Series Designation	Shares Authorized		Shares Outstanding
Series A		750,000		48,100
Series 1A		5,000		—
Series B-1		2,000		—
Series B-2		1,000		—
Series 1B		900		—
Series C		1,000		—
Series D		3,000		—
Series D-1		2,500		—
Series E		2,800		—
Series F		7,000		—
Series G		2,000		—
Series H		2,500		—
Series I		1,000		—
Series J		1,350		—
Series J-1		1,000		—
Series K		20,000		—
Series Z		1		—

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Non-vested Restricted Stock and Related Activity

The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock and the related activity as of September 30, 2024:


	Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2024		19		$	59,600
Granted		4,850			75.87
Vested		(1,658	)		327.03
Forfeited		(20	)		77.00
Non-vested at September 30, 2024		3,191		$	502.35

Summary of Stock Options Activity

The following table summarizes options activity as of September 30, 2024:


	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Stock Options Outstanding at January 1, 2024		-	$	-
Granted		124,850		4.15
Exercised		-		-
Forfeited / Expired		-		-
Stock Options Outstanding at September 30, 2024		124,850	$	4.15

Summary of Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Values

The fair values were estimated using the following weighted average assumptions:


	Inputs
Expected stock price volatility		188.87	%
Dividend yield		0	%
Risk-free interest rate		3.64	%
Expected life of the options (in years)		5.5

ORGANIZATION - Additional Information (Details)	Aug. 14, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Reverse stock split ratio	100

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 8,550	$ 229,954	$ 41,893	$ 455,480
Revenue recognized			7,700
Accounts receivable, net balance	4,275		4,275		$ 0
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0
Shares omitted from loss per share, anti-dilutive	202	11	128	5
Income available to common stockholders adjusted for deemed dividends from down round financings				$ 11,653,986
Products
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 8,550	$ 209,496	$ 41,893	395,106
Milestone and Engineering Arrangement
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	0	20,458	0	60,374
Government Research and Development
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Deferred Revenue (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Beginning Balance	$ 935
Additions	7,700
Recognized as revenue	(7,700)
Ending Balance	$ 935

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Other Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Lease security deposit	$ 625,000	$ 625,000
Spare machine parts	603,399	603,797
Total Other Assets	$ 1,228,399	$ 1,228,797

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Other Income/(Expense), Net (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Other Income, Nonoperating [Abstract]
Gain on settlement of liabilities	$ 165,548		$ 165,548
Swiss liabilities (Note 6)	541,021		541,021
Interest income	35,593		35,593
Employee retention credit		$ 769,983		$ 769,983
Other		(13,124)	26,334	(3,124)
Total Other Income/(Expense), net	$ 742,162	$ 756,859	$ 768,496	$ 766,859

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Schedule of Net Loss Attributable to Common Shareholders (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Income (Loss)	$ (1,690,867)	$ (1,909,273)	$ (5,983,569)	$ (9,996,824)	$ (7,674,436)	$ (11,906,097)
Down round deemed dividend						(11,653,986)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		$ (1,909,273)				$ (23,560,083)
Earnings Per Share (Basic)	$ (1.37)	$ (404)			$ (10.46)	$ (6,640)
Earnings Per Share (Diluted)	$ (1.37)	$ (404)			$ (10.46)	$ (6,640)

LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Liquidity And Continued Operations [Abstract]
Net cash used in operating activities	$ 6,897,159	$ 7,329,398
Working capital	$ 1,362,847

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	$ 935	$ 935
TubeSolar AG \| JV
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Minority stake percentage	30.00%

ASSET ACQUISITION - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2024	Apr. 17, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Impairment loss				$ 524,481
Carrying value of assets			$ 250,382	250,382	$ 1,046,884
Estimated fair value			221,519	221,519
Gain on extinguishment of liabilities			$ 541,021	$ 541,021
Flisom AG \| Photovoltaic Thin Film Solar Cells \| Asset Purchase Agreement
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Date of asset acquisition agreement		Apr. 17, 2023
Purchase price paid		$ 4,083,926
Purchase price, including transaction costs		$ 1,283,926
Impairment loss					3,283,715
Carrying value of assets					$ 786,000
Manufacturing Facility Landlord
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Carrying value of assets sold	$ 746,000
Asset selling terms	On April 1, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with the manufacturing facility landlord (“Landlord”) and sold all but one piece of equipment from the Assets to the Landlord for 1 CHF and forgiveness of $221,519 in payables and any potential future claims the manufacturing facility Landlord may have.
Forgiveness of payables	$ 221,519

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	$ 19,679,918	$ 21,177,892
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(19,429,536)	(20,131,008)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	250,382	1,046,884
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	468,588	468,588
Manufacturing machinery and equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	19,122,828	20,661,222
Leasehold improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	15,994	15,995
Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	$ 72,508	$ 32,087

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 16,832	$ 18,931	$ 50,923	$ 59,570

OPERATING LEASE - Additional Information (Details)			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
OPERATING LEASE - Additional Information (Details)	Jan. 01, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 21, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 01, 2023 ft²	Aug. 31, 2023 ft²
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease term			88 months		88 months
Lease commencement date		Sep. 21, 2020
Rent per month \| $	$ 80,000	$ 50,000
Percentage of rent increase in annual rate					3.00%
Net rentable area \| ft²								100,000
Lease terms description					This lease is classified and accounted for as an operating lease. The building lease term is for 88 months commencing on September 21, 2020 at a rent of $50,000 per month including taxes, insurance and common area maintenance until December 31, 2020. Beginning January 1, 2021, the rent adjusted to $80,000 per month on a triple net basis and shall increase at an annual rate of 3% per annum until December 31, 2027.
Operating lease costs \| $			$ 190,497	$ 236,925	$ 571,492	$ 770,836
Remaining lease term			39 months		39 months
Lease discount rate			7.00%		7.00%
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Net rentable area \| ft²							75,000

OPERATING LEASE - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Related to Company's Lease (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$ 2,007,001	$ 2,364,672
Current portion of operating lease liability	555,495	491,440
Non-current operating lease liabilities	$ 1,615,945	$ 2,043,025

OPERATING LEASE - Schedule Future Maturities of Operating Lease Liability (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 192,283
2025	792,203
2026	815,969
2027	840,449
Total lease payments	2,640,904
Less amounts representing interest	(469,464)
Present value of lease liability	$ 2,171,440

INVENTORIES - Schedule of Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 457,381	$ 445,721
Work in process	515	1,775
Total	$ 457,896	$ 447,496

BRIDGE LOAN - Summary of Bridge Loan (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Apr. 02, 2024	Apr. 01, 2024
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Principal Payments	$ (904,803)
Ending, Principal Balance	315,744
Bridge Loans
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Beginning, Principal Balance	0
Bridge new loans	1,240,800
Principal Payments	(904,803)
Ending, Principal Balance	335,997
Discount	(20,253)	$ (20,800)	$ (20,800)
Bridge Loan, net of discount	$ 315,744

BRIDGE LOAN - Additional Information (Details)				3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
BRIDGE LOAN - Additional Information (Details)	Apr. 17, 2024 USD ($)	Apr. 02, 2024 USD ($)	Feb. 27, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 01, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Net proceeds						$ 1,153,750
Interest expense					$ 271,162	463,397	$ 2,070,669
Bridge Loan
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 180,800		$ 87,044		87,044		$ 180,800
Net proceeds		160,000
Total repayment		$ 202,496
Loans mature date		Jan. 01, 2025
Convertible discount rate		25
Lowest conversion price \| $ / shares								$ 25
Interest payable				0		0
Interest expense				16,334		34,297
Original issuance discount		$ 20,800		20,253		$ 20,253		$ 20,800
Bridge Loan \| Loan 1
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount			$ 375,000
Origination fees paid			25,000
Net proceeds			$ 350,000
Frequency of periodic payment			weekly
Weekly payments	$ 31,000		$ 19,420
Total repayment	993,250		543,750
Short-Term Debt, Terms						Under Loan 1, the Company will make weekly payments of $19,420 for 28 weeks for a total repayment of $543,750. The Company also had an early repayment option where the Company would repay an aggregate of $478,125 if repaid by April 15, 2024.
Payment for early extinguish of debt			$ 478,125
Bridge Loan \| Loan 2
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	685,000			248,953		$ 248,953
Origination fees paid	34,250
Net proceeds	$ 222,440
Frequency of periodic payment	weekly
Total repayment	$ 428,310
Interest payable				3,451		3,451
Interest expense				$ 139,233		$ 499,272

OTHER PAYABLE - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 25, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain on extinguishment of liabilities		$ 541,021	$ 541,021
Unsecured Debt \| Note Payable Conversion
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes payable				$ 250,000
Payment for termination of note payable	$ 175,000
Gain on extinguishment of liabilities		$ 165,548
Stated interest rate				5.00%

CONVERTIBLE NOTES - Schedule of Convertible Notes (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument, Principal [Roll Forward]
Notes converted	$ (400,000)
Net Principal Balance		$ 354,936
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd
Debt Instrument, Principal [Roll Forward]
Principal Balance, beginning	406,667
Notes converted	(400,000)
Notes paid	$ (6,667)

CONVERTIBLE NOTES - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument converted amount		$ 400,000
Debt instrument conversion payable amount		$ 1,279,782
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued		17,934
Conversion of stock shares		6,184
Interest expense upon conversion	$ 271,162	$ 463,397	$ 2,070,669
Floor price		$ 65
Cash payable		$ 199,997
Amortization of debt discount		86,057	1,773,621
Convertible Notes
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Amortization of debt discount	$ 231,536	19,260	$ 1,773,633
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument converted amount		$ 400,000

SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Series A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,100	48,100	48,100
Preferred stock, dividend rate	8.00%
Preferred stock, dividend, make-whole dividend rate to market value	10.00%
Preferred stock, conversion, required common share value		$ 23,200,000,000
Preferred stock, conversion, required common share price, term		20 days
Preferred stock redemption price per share		$ 8.00
Accrued and unpaid dividends		$ 550,879
Common Stock \| Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion (in shares)		1

SERIES Z PREFERRED STOCK - Additional Information (Details)	1 Months Ended
	Jul. 20, 2024 Vote shares	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares	Jun. 20, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.0001
Series Z Preferred Stock \| Securities Purchase Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares issued and sold \| shares	1
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.0001
Purchase price of share			$ 1,000
Redemption amount \| $			$ 1,000
Preferred stock number of votes \| Vote	180,000,000

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Additional Information (Details)									3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	May 30, 2024 USD ($)	May 23, 2024 USD ($)	May 16, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Apr. 18, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 12, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 09, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 07, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 06, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) Vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Dec. 19, 2022 Investor
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) \| shares									500,000,000	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares									$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) \| shares									1,275,429	1,275,429	238,996
Common stock, number of votes per share \| Vote										1
Notes converted										$ (400,000)
Conversion of stock shares \| shares										6,184
Conversions notes payable									$ 1,279,782	$ 1,279,782
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) \| shares										17,934
Warrants expiring term					5 years 6 months
Warrant settlement expense									$ 0	$ 743,462
Outstanding common warrants \| shares									143,000	143,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) \| shares									25,000,000	25,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares									$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Aggregate gross proceeds										$ 13,303,110
Pre-funded warrants were exercised into common stock \| shares										211,623
Purchase price for repurchase of warrants										$ 3,600,000
Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock issued to settle liabilities (in shares) \| shares										3,500
Minimum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share \| $ / shares									11.68	$ 11.68
Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share \| $ / shares									74,086	$ 74,086
Prefunded warrants [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share \| $ / shares				$ 0.0001
ATM Agreement [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0.0001
Aggregate gross proceeds										$ 9,500,000
Aggregate sales price of common stock	$ 3,981,000	$ 4,344,000	$ 4,219,000
Common stock shares issued \| shares										637,429
Common stock price per share \| $ / shares									$ 14.9	$ 14.9
Percentage of commission on aggregate gross proceeds			3.00%
Securities Purchase Contract
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock \| shares				67,000
Warrant exercise price per share \| $ / shares				$ 147.27
Number of institutional investors \| Investor												2
Warrant Repurchase Agreements
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share \| $ / shares					$ 11.68
Outstanding common warrants \| shares					85,500
Agreement Entered Date							Mar. 07, 2024	Mar. 06, 2024
Gross proceeds from securities							$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Purchase price for repurchase of warrants							$ 3,600,000	$ 3,600,000
Warrant Repurchase Agreements \| First Repurchase
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of warrants investors agree to convey, assign and transfer					50.00%
Aggregate purchase price					$ 1,800,000
Warrant Repurchase Agreements \| Second Repurchase
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate purchase price for remaining warrants				$ 1,800,000
Placement Agent Agreement [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of gross proceeds from sale of Units						4.00%
Placement Agent Agreement [Member] \| Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Shares, Issued \| shares				151,795
Placement Agent Agreement [Member] \| Prefunded warrants [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Prefunded warrants issued \| shares				211,623
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Payment of cash payable						$ 200,000
Dawson James [Member] \| Placement Agent Agreement [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of gross proceeds from sale of Units						8.00%
Proceeds from issuance or sale of equity				$ 5,090,000.00
Offering shares of common stock warrant to purchase						$ 6,000,000
Agreement Entered Date						Apr. 09, 2024
Dawson James [Member] \| Placement Agent Agreement [Member] \| Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Offering expenses						$ 155,000
Sabby \| L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Repurchase and cancel of warrants						$ 3,600,000
Adjusted Number of Warrants \| shares						850,000
Adjusted purchase of common stock exercise price \| $ / shares						$ 11.68

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Fair Value of Warrants (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 yr
Expected Stock Price Volatility
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value of warrants	154.5
Dividend Yield
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value of warrants	0
Risk-free Interest Rate
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value of warrants	4.75
Expected Life of the Warrants (In Years)
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value of warrants	2.75

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Stock by Class (Details) - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Jan. 01, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000
Series A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	750,000		750,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,100	48,100	48,100
Series 1A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series B-1 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series B-2 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series 1B Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	900
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series C Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series D Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	3,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series D-1 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,500
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series E Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,800
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series F Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	7,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series G Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series H Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,500
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series I Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series J Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,350
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series J-1 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series K Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series Z Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted stock units granted			4,850
Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense			$ 345,000
Number of unvested units			3,191		19
Number of forfeited shares			20
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense, period for recognition			2 years
Weighted average remaining contractual term			9 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted average grant date fair value			$ 4.15
Number of stock options granted	124,850		124,850
Stock options termination period	10 years
Unvested options expected to vest			83,220
Number of options exercisable			41,630
Description of stock option vesting			One third of these options vested on September 15, 2024. The remaining unvested options will vest pro rata on January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026.
Restricted Stock Units
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense			$ 855,000
Number of unvested units			3,191
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense, period for recognition			1 year 3 months
Fair value of shares on vesting dates			$ 7,143	$ 269,860
Employees and Directors \| Restricted Stock Units
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted stock units granted		4,590
Employees and Directors \| Restricted Stock Units \| One Third
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date		Mar. 31, 2024
Employees and Directors \| Restricted Stock Units \| Tranche One
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date		Jan. 01, 2025
Employees and Directors \| Restricted Stock Units \| Tranche Two
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date		Jan. 01, 2026
Advisory Board \| Restricted Stock Units
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted stock units granted		200
Advisory Board \| Restricted Stock Units \| Tranche One
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date		Jan. 01, 2025	Jun. 30, 2024
Advisory Board \| Restricted Stock Units \| Tranche Two
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date		Jan. 01, 2026	Jan. 01, 2025

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Summary of Non-vested Restricted Stock and Related Activity (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance, Non-vested Shares \| shares	19
Shares granted \| shares	4,850
Shares vested \| shares	(1,658)
Shares forfeited \| shares	(20)
Ending Balance, Non-vested Shares \| shares	3,191
Non-vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance \| $ / shares	$ 59,600
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted \| $ / shares	75.87
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested \| $ / shares	327.03
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Forfeited \| $ / shares	77
Non-vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Ending Balance \| $ / shares	$ 502.35

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Summary of Stock Options Activity (Details) - $ / shares	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Stock Options Outstanding, Shares, Granted	124,850	124,850
Stock Options Outstanding, Shares, Ending Balance		124,850
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Stock Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted		$ 4.15
Stock Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending Balance		$ 4.15

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Summary of Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Values (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology [Abstract]
Expected stock price volatility	188.87%
Dividend yield	0.00%
Risk-free interest rate	3.64%
Expected life of the options (in years)	5 years 6 months

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Additional Information (Details) - Wainwright engagement letter [Member] $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Aug. 15, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Percentage of fees payable under tail provision	8.00%
Percentage of warrant coverage on secured convertible note financing	7.00%
Secured convertible note financing	$ 15.0
Damages value	$ 1.2
Common stock warrants \| shares	22
Warrant exercise price per share \| $ / shares	$ 60,500

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)				9 Months Ended
	Nov. 14, 2024	Oct. 17, 2024	Oct. 01, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Aggregate gross proceeds				$ 13,303,110
Gross proceeds received					$ 880,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.0001
Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares issued				1,275,429	208,648	1,191,411	238,996	206,844	205,746
ATM Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares sold				637,429
Average price per share				$ 14.9
Aggregate gross proceeds				$ 9,500,000
Subsequent Event \| Series I C Preferred Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from securities		$ 1,900,000
Shares issued		1,900
Purchase price of share		$ 1,000
Gross proceeds received	$ 665,000
Conversion price (in dollars per share)		$ 2.5
Maximum outstanding shares owned, Percentage		4.99%
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 1,000
Stated interest rate		10.00%
Stated value percentage		110.00%
Preferred stock, dividend rate		15.00%
Preferred stock, conversion, required common share price, term		20 days
Subsequent Event \| Series I C Preferred Stock \| Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Conversion price percentage		300.00%
Subsequent Event \| ATM Agreement \| Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares sold			49,325
Average price per share			$ 2.87
Aggregate gross proceeds			$ 141,400